减肥类保健食品中非法添加盐酸西布曲明和酚酞的定性定量检测

目的建立准确检测减肥类保健食品中非法添加盐酸西布曲明和酚酞的定性定量方法。方法采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法,以0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液和水溶液为流动相,通过分子离子峰、二级质谱的碎片离子、多反应检测模式的色谱峰等信息,对盐酸西布曲明和酚酞进行定性鉴别和定量测定。结果 4批保健食品中均检出盐酸西布曲明和酚酞。结论该方法准确可靠、专属性强、灵敏度高,可作为检测减肥类保健食品中非法添加盐酸西布曲明和酚酞的有效方法。     

HPLC-MS/MS法快速检测中成药及保健食品中6种减肥类非法添加化学成分

目的建立HPLC-MS/MS方法快速检测中成药及保健食品中6种减肥类违法添加化学成分的方法。方法试样用甲醇提取后,经Agilent Eclipse XD8-C18柱分离,以1mL·L~(-1)甲酸溶液和甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱,采用ESI电离源和MRM扫描方式。结果该方法可以准确检测中成药及保健食品中6种非法添加成分,检测限为0.1~1.0ng。结论该方法简便、灵敏、快速,适用于减肥类保健品和中成药中非法添加成分的检测确证。     

减肥类保健品中非法添加化学药品的快速筛查

目的 建立减肥类保健食品中非法添加盐酸西布曲明及酚酞两种化学药品的快速筛查检测方法.方法 采用化学鉴别、TLC、HPLC、UV法对8个批次的样品进行检测,同时做加样回收.结果 在市售8个批次减肥类保健食品中有1批次检出盐酸西布曲明,2批次检出酚酞,3批次同时检出盐酸西布曲明和酚酞,其他2批次未检出.结论 该方法简便可靠,可快速筛查出减肥类保健食品中是否擅自非法添加盐酸西布曲明及酚酞两种化学药品,为食品药品监督管理部门打击违法行为提供有力的技术支撑.     

UPLC-MS/MS法快速检测减肥类保健食品中5种非法添加化学成分

目的建立专属、灵敏的UPLC-MS/MS方法用于快速定性定量检测减肥类保健食品中5种非法添加化学成分。方法供试样品经甲醇提取后,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS),以BEH-C18为分析柱,流动相采用含0.1%冰醋酸的20mmol/L醋酸铵水溶液和甲醇进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾电离(ESI)、多重反应监测(MRM)扫描模式,对保健食品中非法添加的盐酸西布曲明、酚酞、盐酸芬氟拉明、咖啡因、呋塞米等5种化学成分进行快速定性定量检测。结果所建立方法能快速定性定量检测保健食品中5种非法添加化学药物成分,5种成分在6min内完全分离,且线性良好,平均加样回收率在97.7%~100.7%,方法检出限为0.0025~0.0075mg/g。结论所建方法快速、灵敏、专属性强,适用于减肥类保健食品中非法添加化学成分的快速定性定量检测。     

减肥类中成药、保健食品和食品中非法添加盐酸西布曲明的检测

目的建立减肥类中成药、保健食品和食品中非法添加的盐酸西布曲明的检测方法。方法采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法进行定性鉴别,并采用高效液相色谱法测定其中盐酸西布曲明的含量。结果在购买的25批次市售产品中,有17批次检出了盐酸西布曲明。结论所建立的方法快速、简便、准确、可靠,可用于有效检测减肥类中成药、保健食品和食品中非法添加的盐酸西布曲明。     

HPLC-DAD数据库快速筛查减肥类中药制剂及保健食品中的10种非法添加化学药物

目的:在等度洗脱条件下建立10种有减肥作用化学药物的HPLC-DAD分析方法及数据库,用于减肥类中药制剂及保健食品中非法添加物的快速鉴别。方法:采用Alltina C18色谱柱,使用两种等组成流动相:Ⅰ为乙腈-0.02 mol.L-1乙酸铵(含0.1%乙酸)(12∶88),Ⅱ为乙腈-0.02 mol.L-1乙酸铵(含0.1%乙酸)(60∶40)。检测波长215 nm,参比波长550 nm,波长扫描范围190～600 nm。首先采集对照品的保留时间和光谱图,建立标准谱库;然后将样品中各检出峰的保留时间与数据库比较,初筛出可疑的化学成分;最后将样品中可疑色谱峰的DAD光谱图与数据库中相应对照品比较,快速筛查出非法添加的化学成分,并对检出的化学成分进行LC-MS验证。结果:10种有减肥作用的化学药物在等度洗脱条件下实现了完全分离;并通过数据库快速筛查了1种减肥类中药制剂和8种减肥类保健食品,其中1种减肥保健食品中检出二甲双胍及芬氟拉明,2种减肥保健食品中检出西布曲明及酚酞,其余5种保健食品中检出西布曲明,LC-MS验证结果准确。结论:采用建立的HPLC-DAD光谱库可快速筛选减肥类样品,适合现场采用车载或便携式高效液相色谱仪进行快速筛查的需要;本实验建立的色谱条件可以用于快速筛查减肥类保健食品中非法添加的化学成分。     

减肥类保健食品中非法添加的8种化学药物的筛查与测定

目的 :建立高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器法(HPLC-DAD)结合电喷雾飞行时间质谱法(ESI-Q-TOF/MS)筛查、测定减肥类保健食品中非法添加的酚酞、芬氟拉明、麻黄碱、咖啡因、呋塞米、西布曲明及其两种衍生物。方法:采用C18色谱柱,以0.02 mol/L乙酸铵溶液(0.1%乙酸)-甲醇为流动相,梯度洗脱。对HPLC-DAD检测结果呈阳性的样品进行ESI-Q-TOF一级扫描及二级碎片离子比对进行确证。结果:方法学验证结果显示HPLC-DAD法8种待测物在0.01~1.0 mg/m L范围内线性关系良好,回收率为90.41%~105.97%,RSD小于7.0%。检出限为0.10~1.68μg/m L,定量限为0.34~5.59μg/m L。结论:本实验建立的方法灵敏、可靠,可用于减肥类保健食品中这8种非法添加成分的定性、定量分析。     

UPLC-DAD检测减肥类中药制剂及保健食品中的4种非法添加成分

目的:针对减肥类中药制剂及保健食品,建立了可能非法添加的酚酞、西布曲明、N-单去甲基西布曲明、N,N-双去甲基西布曲明等4种成分的超高效液相色谱-二极管阵列联用的检测方法。方法:采用Phenomenex Luna C18(2)100A色谱柱(150 mm×2.00 mm,3μm),流动相为磷酸盐缓冲液(50 mmol/L磷酸氢二钾以磷酸调节p H值为6.0)及甲醇,梯度洗脱,柱温为35℃,流速为0.2 m L/min,进样量为5.0μL,检测器为DAD检测器。结果:各成分检出限浓度为30 ng/m L,定量限浓度为50 ng/m L,线性范围为50~1 000 ng/m L,在线性范围内相关系数均在0.99以上,平均加样回收率在96.0%~101.2%。结论:建立的方法简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高、专属性好,用于减肥类中药制剂及保健食品中非法添加的快速检测优于现行法规标准所列的高效液相色谱法。     

84批减肥类保健食品中非法添加化学物质的数据分析

目的 采用液-质联用方法,检测减肥类保健食品中可能违法添加的7种化学物质（盐酸芬氟拉明、酚酞、咖啡因、呋塞米、盐酸西布曲明、N,N-双去甲基西布曲明、N-单去甲基西布曲明）,对84批减肥类保健食品的数据进行分析,绘制非法添加化学物质的每次摄入量分布图,为监管部门提供数据参考。方法 HPLC-MS/MS联用,Waters XBridge C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）;以0.02 mol·L^-1醋酸铵溶液（含0.4%冰醋酸）-甲醇梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL·min^-1;ESI正负离子模式,一级、二级质谱全扫描,HPLC定量,HPLC-MS/MS定性。结果 84批样品中,有62批检出非法添加化学物质,分别为盐酸西布曲明、酚酞和呋塞米。每次摄入量分布图显示,在减肥类保健食品中,盐酸西布曲明的每次摄入量集中在0~10 mg和20~40 mg;酚酞的每次摄入量集中在0~10 mg,中位数为11.70 mg;呋塞米的每次摄入量集中在0~20 mg,中位数为12.01 mg。结论 目前,减肥类保健食品中非法添加的化学物质,以盐酸西布曲明、酚酞和呋塞米比较常见,其添加量的分布不均匀,安全隐患较大。     

黄芪有效部位不同提取分离方法的比较

目的:建立快速测定中药样品中非法添加的化学药物的液相色谱一质谱联用分析方法.方法:采用串联质谱联用技术的多反应监测模式,对分属于降糖、降压、壮阳、减肥等类别的36种中药,进行其中可能含有的格列本脲、西布曲明等10种化学药物的定性、定量分析.结果:在10 min色谱未完全分离的情况下,在36个样品中准确地检出了4个降糖类样品(合格列本脲)、1个壮阳类样品(含西地那非)、2个减肥类样品(含西布曲明).结论:多反应监测(MRM)模式确保了定性分析结果的专属性和定量分析的灵敏度,建立的方法可用于多种不同样品中化学药物的检验.     

Safety assessment of poloxamers 101, 105, 108, 122, 123, 124, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 188, 212, 215, 217, 231, 234, 235, 237, 238, 282, 284, 288, 331, 333, 334, 335, 338, 401, 402, 403, and 407, poloxamer 105 benzoate, and poloxamer 182 dibenzoate as used in cosmetics

Poloxamers are polyoxyethlyene, polyoxypropylene block polymers. The impurities of commercial grade Poloxamer 188, as an example, include low-molecular-weight substances (aldehydes and both formic and acetic acids), as well as 1,4-dioxane and residual ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Most Poloxamers function in cosmetics as surfactants, emulsifying agents, cleansing agents, and/or solubilizing agents, and are used in 141 cosmetic products at concentrations from 0.005% to 20%. Poloxamers injected intravenously in animals are rapidly excreted in the urine, with some accumulation in lung, liver, brain, and kidney tissue. In humans, the plasma concentration of Poloxamer 188 (given intravenously) reached a maximum at 1 h, then reached a steady state. Poloxamers generally were ineffective in wound healing, but were effective in reducing postsurgical adhesions in several test systems. Poloxamers can cause hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in animals, but overall, they are relatively nontoxic to animals, with LD(50) values reported from 5 to 34.6 g/kg. Short-term intravenous doses up to 4 g/kg of Poloxamer 108 produced no change in body weights, but did result in diffuse hepatocellular vacuolization, renal tubular dilation in kidneys, and dose-dependent vacuolization of epithelial cells in the proximal convoluted tubules. A short-term inhalation toxicity study of Poloxamer 101 at 97 mg/m(3) identified slight alveolitis after 2 weeks of exposure, which subsided in the 2-week postexposure observation period. A short-term dermal toxicity study of Poloxamer 184 in rabbits at doses up to 1000 mg/kg produced slight erythema and slight intradermal inflammatory response on histological examination, but no dose-dependent body weight, hematology, blood chemistry, or organ weight changes. A 6-month feeding study in rats and dogs of Poloxamer 188 at exposures up to 5% in the diet produced no adverse effects. Likewise, Poloxamer 331 (tested up to 0.5 g/kg day(-1)), Poloxamer 235 (tested up to 1.0 g/kg day(-1)), and Poloxamer 338 (at 0.2 or 1.0 g/kg day(-1)) produced no adverse effects in dogs. Poloxamer 338 (at 5.0 g/kg day(-1)) produced slight transient diarrhea in dogs. Poloxamer 188 at levels up to 7.5% in diet given to rats in a 2-year feeding study produced diarrhea at 5% and 7.5% levels, a small decrease in growth at the 7.5% level, but no change in survival. Doses up to 0.5 mg/kg day(-1) for 2 years using rats produced yellow discoloration of the serum, high serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and elevated serum glutamicpyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activities. Poloxamers are minimal ocular irritants, but are not dermal irritants or sensitizers in animals. Data on reproductive and developmental toxicity of Poloxamers were not found. An Ames test did not identify any mutagenic activity of Poloxamer 407, with or without metabolic activation. Several studies have suggested anticarcinogenic effects of Poloxamers. Poloxamers appear to increase the sensitivity to anticancer drugs of multidrug-resistant cancer cells. In clinical testing, Poloxamer 188 increased the hydration of feces when used in combination with a bulk laxative treatment. Compared to controls, one study of angioplasty patients receiving Poloxamer 188 found a reduced myocardial infarct size and a reduced incidence of reinfarction, with no evidence of toxicity, but two other studies found no effect. Poloxamer 188 given to patients suffering from sickle cell disease had decreased pain and decreased hospitilization, compared to controls. Clinical tests of dermal irritation and sensitization were uniformly negative. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel stressed that the cosmetic industry should continue to use the necessary purification procedures to keep the levels below established limits for ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and 1,4-dioxane. The Panel did note the absence of reproductive and developmental toxicity data, but, based on molecular weight and solubility, there should be little skin penetration and any penetration of the skin should be slow. Also, the available data demonstrate that Poloxamers that are introduced into the body via routes other than dermal exposure have a rapid clearance from the body, suggesting that there would be no risk of reproductive and/or developmental toxicity. Overall, the available data do not suggest any concern about carcinogenesis. Although there are gaps in knowledge about product use, the overall information available on the types of products in which these ingredients are used, and at what concentration, indicates a pattern of use. Based on these safety test data and the information that the manufacturing process can be controlled to limit unwanted impurities, the Panel concluded that these Poloxamers are safe as used.     

HPLC法测定抗妇炎胶囊中木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱

目的 采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法同时测定抗妇炎胶囊中木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱10种活性成分。方法 采用InerSustain AQ-C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相A：乙腈–无水乙醇（80∶20）,流动相B：0.1%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱,检测波长220 nm,体积流量1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,进样量10 μL。结果 木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱分别在2.69～134.50、1.95～97.50、0.63～31.50、0.86～43.00、11.95～597.50、0.59～29.50、6.08～304.00、4.85～242.50、1.66～83.00、19.79～989.50 μg/mL线性关系良好（r≥0.999 3）;平均回收率分别为99.11%、98.23%、96.95%、97.78%、100.02%、97.21%、99.66%、99.52%、98.81%、100.08%,RSD值分别为1.04%、1.23%、1.37%、1.65%、0.70%、1.28%、0.65%、0.81%、1.11%、0.63%。结论 建立的HPLC法可用于抗妇炎胶囊中10种活性成分的测定,作为抗妇炎胶囊质量控制方法。     

Arformoterol: (R,R)-eformoterol, (R,R)-formoterol, arformoterol tartrate, eformoterol-sepracor, formoterol-sepracor, R,R-eformoterol, R,R-formoterol

Sepracor in the US is developing arformoterol [R,R-formoterol], a single isomer form of the beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist formoterol [eformoterol]. This isomer contains two chiral centres and is being developed as an inhaled preparation for the treatment of respiratory disorders. Sepracor believes that arformoterol has the potential to be a once-daily therapy with a rapid onset of action and a duration of effect exceeding 12 hours. In 1995, Sepracor acquired New England Pharmaceuticals, a manufacturer of metered-dose and dry powder inhalers, for the purpose of preparing formulations of levosalbutamol and arformoterol. Phase II dose-ranging clinical studies of arformoterol as a longer-acting, complementary bronchodilator were completed successfully in the fourth quarter of 2000. Phase III trials of arformoterol began in September 2001. The indications for the drug appeared to be asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, an update of the pharmaceutical product information on the Sepracor website in September 2003 listed COPD maintenance therapy as the only indication for arformoterol. In October 2002, Sepracor stated that two pivotal phase III studies were ongoing in 1600 patients. Sepracor estimates that its NDA submission for arformoterol, which is projected for the first half of 2004, will include approximately 3000 adult subjects. Sepracor stated in July 2003 that it had completed more than 100 preclinical studies and initiated or completed 15 clinical studies for arformoterol inhalation solution for the treatment of bronchospasm in patients with COPD. In addition, Sepracor stated that the two pivotal phase III studies in 1600 patients were still progressing. In 1995, European patents were granted to Sepracor for the use of arformoterol in the treatment of asthma, and the US patent application was pending.     

欧洲刺柏（Juniper）

活性成分与药理作用欧洲刺柏药用部位是其浆果，具有促水排泄、防腐、抗胃肠胀气和抗风湿作用，还可改善胃功能。用作促水排泄药可增加尿量（水丢失），但不增加钠排泄。成分萜品烯-4-醇可增加肾小球滤过率，但刺激肾。欧洲刺柏浆果对单纯疱疹病毒体外显示抗病毒活性，并具抗真菌活性。动物实验显示，欧洲刺柏浆果提取物具有堕胎、抗生育、抗炎、抗胚胎植入、降血压、升血压和降血糖作用。欧洲刺柏浆果油具有兴奋子宫的活性，以及利尿、胃肠道抗菌和刺激作用，该油对平滑肌有阻止解痉作用。     

Oral Presentations (LDD, LPES, LNM, LPAT, LNT, LPPT, LPM)

Probiotic microorganisms have been shown to provide specific health benefits when consumed as food supplements or as food components. The main problem of such products is the poor survival of the probiotic bacteria in the low pH of gastric fluid. However the use of synthetic excipients for enteric coating to prevent the exposure of microorganisms to gastric fluid is limited in food supplementary industry. Therefore the aim of this study was to develop an enteric coating formulation containing shellac as a natural polymer. Shellac possesses good resistance to gastric juice; the major disadvantage of this polymer is its low solubility in the intestinal fluid [1, 2]. Thus films containing different ratios of shellac and water-soluble polymers (sodium alginate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP)) or plasticizers (glycerol and glyceryl triacetate (GTA)) were prepared in order to analyse the films’ melting temperatures (T_m), the changes in enthalpy (ΔH), their capability of taking up water, and their solubility in different media. The release characteristics of the films were studied by loading pellets with Enterococcus faecium M74 and coating them with formulations containing different amounts of shellac and polymer or plasticized shellac. Using dissolution tests, performed according to USP XXXI paddle method, the resistance of the coatings to simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) and the release of cells in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 6.8) was investigated.The trials showed that an increasing amount of plasticizer results in a decrease of T_m and ΔH of the films whereat glycerol had a superior plasticization effect to GTA. The compatibility of films made of water-soluble polymers and shellac was also concentration dependent. HPMC and PVP showed superior compatibility with shellac compared to sodium alginate, since films containing shellac and more than 10% [w/w] sodium alginate tended to separate into two phases. In the end five formulations containing shellac and either 5% [w/w] glycerol, 10% [w/w] PVP, 20% [w/w] PVP, 10% [w/w] HPMC, or 5% [w/w] sodium alginate emerged as feasible for enteric coating purposes.