超声引导下连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞用于老年髋部骨折患者围术期镇痛的研究

目的:研究超声引导下髂筋膜间隙阻滞对老年髋部骨折患者围手术期疼痛控制及术后并发症的影响。方法:选择2021年1月至2021年9月收治的老年髋部骨折手术患者127例,按照镇痛方法不同分为连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞组(F组)和静脉镇痛对照组(C组)。其中F组62例,男19例,女43例;年龄66~95(82.4±7.2)岁;股骨颈骨折25例,股骨转子间骨折37例。C组65例,男18例,女47例;年龄65~94(81.4±8.7)岁;股骨颈骨折29例,股骨转子间骨折36例。观察两组患者围术期不同时间点的疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、简易精神状态评价量表(minimental state examination,MMSE)评分、警觉-镇静评分(observer''s assessment of alertness/sedation,OAA/S)、改良Bromage评分、术后并发症及患者住院期间情况。结果:F组实施阻滞后30 min、麻醉摆放体位时,术后6、24、48 h的静息及运动VAS低于C组(P<0.05)。F组术前12 h,术后1、3 d的MMSE评分及术后3 d的OAA/S评分高于C组(P<0.05)。F组不良反应发生率、需要额外镇痛人数低于C组(P<0.05)。F组围术期镇痛满意度及住院时间均优于C组(P<0.05)。两组患者在各时间点患肢Bromage评分及术后30 d死亡率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:超声引导下连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞可为老年髋部骨折患者提供安全、有效的围术期镇痛效果,改善术后认知功能,减少术后并发症,从而缩短住院时间,提高住院期间生活质量。     

术前连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞对老年髋部骨折患者围术期睡眠质量及术后谵妄的影响

目的 探讨术前超声引导下连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞对老年髋部骨折患者围术期睡眠质量及术后谵妄的影响。
方法 选择老年髋部骨折患者121例,男55例,女66例,年龄65~90岁, BMI 18.5~25.0 kg/m²,ASA Ⅰ—Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法分为两组：超声引导下连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞组（F组,n=61）和对照组（C组,n=60）。F组于入院后给予经超声引导下连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞,C组常规术前处理。两组采用相同的椎管内麻醉方案实施侧入路股骨头置换术,术后采用相同的术后镇痛方案。采用简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）评估入院后基础认知状态;采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）评估入院前1个月整体睡眠质量。记录入院时（T1）、髂筋膜间隙阻滞后30 min（C组为入院后相同时间点）（T2）、入室时（T3）、摆放体位时（T4）的疼痛数字评分（NRS）。记录术前及术后7 d每天的里兹睡眠问卷（LSEQ）评分,记录术后7 d内谵妄的发生情况及术后住院时间。记录术后恶心、呕吐、日间嗜睡等不良反应的发生情况。
结果 与C组比较,F组T2—T4时NRS评分明显降低（P<0.05）,术前及术后1~3 d LSEQ评分明显升高（P<0.05）,术后7 d内谵妄发生率明显降低(P<0.05),谵妄持续时间、术后住院时间明显缩短(P<0.05),日间嗜睡发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。
结论 术前超声引导下连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞可改善老年髋部骨折患者围术期睡眠质量,降低术后谵妄发生率及缩短谵妄持续时间。     

超声引导下髂筋膜间隙阻滞在老年患者全髋关节置换术中的应用

目的 探讨术前行超声引导下髂筋膜间隙阻滞在老年患者全髋关节置换术中的应用效果。
方法 回顾性分析择期在全身麻醉下行全髋关节置换术的老年患者98例,男40例,女58例,年龄≥65岁,BMI 16～28 kg/m²,ASA Ⅱ或Ⅲ级。根据术前是否行髂筋膜间隙阻滞分为两组：髂筋膜间隙阻滞组（F组,n=43）和对照组（C组,n=55）。根据性别、年龄、BMI、ASA分级、基础疾病、手术方式进行倾向评分匹配。收集手术时间、麻醉时间、术中出血量、术中舒芬太尼和瑞芬太尼用量、术后2、6、12、24、48 h静息和活动时NRS评分、首次下床活动时间、住院时间、术后48 h镇痛满意度评分、术后48 h内患者自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）有效按压次数以及术后48 h内PCIA舒芬太尼用量。记录术后输血、入ICU以及相关不良反应（包括肺部感染、尿路感染、心律失常、术后恶心呕吐、尿潴留、瘙痒、呼吸抑制、嗜睡）的发生情况。
结果 匹配后F组和C组各纳入患者43例。F组术中舒芬太尼和瑞芬太尼用量明显少于C组（P＜0.05）。F组术后2、6 h静息时NRS评分以及术后2、6、12、24、48 h活动时NRS评分明显低于C组（P＜0.05）。F组首次下床活动时间、住院时间明显短于C组（P＜0.05）,F组术后48 h镇痛满意度评分明显高于C组（P＜0.05）,F组术后48 h内PCIA有效按压次数以及PCIA舒芬太尼用量明显少于C组（P＜0.05）。F组术后恶心呕吐及尿潴留的发生率明显低于C组（P＜0.05）。两组手术时间、麻醉时间、术中出血量、术后12、24、48 h静息时NRS评分、术后输血、入ICU以及肺部感染、尿路感染、心律失常、术后瘙痒、嗜睡发生率差异均无统计学意义。
结论 术前行超声引导下髂筋膜间隙阻滞能为老年患者全髋关节置换术后提供良好镇痛,减少镇痛药物的使用,提高镇痛满意度,同时促进患者术后早期恢复。     

连续髋关节囊周围神经阻滞与连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞对老年全髋关节置换术患者围术期镇痛效果影响的比较

目的 比较连续髋关节囊周围神经阻滞(PENGB)和连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞(FICB)在老年全髋关节置换术患者围术期的镇痛效果。方法 选择行全髋关节置换术的老年患者50例,男22例,女28例,年龄65～85岁,BMI 18～30 kg/m²,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组：连续PENGB组(P组)和连续FICB组(F组),每组25例。P组在全麻诱导前实施超声引导下连续PENGB,给予0.375%罗哌卡因20 ml。F组在全麻诱导前实施超声引导下连续FICB,给予0.375%罗哌卡因30 ml。两组患者术毕行神经阻滞自控镇痛。记录阻滞前即刻、术后3、6、12、24和48 h静息和活动(被动直腿抬高45°)时VAS疼痛评分,神经阻滞操作时间、丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼用量,术后12、24和48 h下肢运动阻滞改良Bromage评分,术后补救镇痛情况、术前等待时间和术后住院时间,恶心呕吐、局麻药中毒、神经损伤、导管移位和脱出、血肿、穿刺部位感染等情况。结果 与阻滞前即刻比较,术后3、6、12、24和48 h两组静息和活动时VAS疼痛评分明显降低(P<0.05)。与...     

Ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca compartment block in pediatric patients using a long-axis, in-plane needle technique: a report of three cases

Ultrasound guided fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) has not been previously described in pediatric patients. Reported here is an ultrasound guided long axis, in-plane needle technique used to perform FICB in three pediatric patients undergoing hip or femur surgery. Postoperative assessment revealed nerve blockade of the lateral femoral cutaneous, femoral, and obturator nerves or no requirement for narcotics in the PACU. FICB using this ultrasound guided technique was easy to perform and provided postoperative analgesia for hip and femur surgical procedures within the presumed distribution of the lateral femoral cutaneous, femoral, and obturator nerves.     

Plasma bupivacaine levels after fascia iliaca compartment block with and without adrenaline

Twenty children undergoing unilateral surgery on the thigh received a fascia iliaca compartment block using 2 mg·kg⁻¹ of bupivacaine with (Group A) or without (Group P) adrenaline 1/200 000. Venous blood samples were taken as 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min after injection and assayed for concentrations of bupivacaine. In all subjects an adequate block was produced. Plasma concentrations of bupivacaine in Group P were significantly higher than those in Group A ( P <0.05). The median maximum plasma concentration (C_max) was 1.1 μg·ml⁻¹ (range 0.54–1.29 μg·ml⁻¹) in Group P and 0.35 μg·ml⁻¹ (range 0.17–0.96 μg·ml⁻¹) in Group A. The median time taken to attain C_max (T_max) was 20 min (range 10–25 min) in Group P and 45 min (range 5–50 min) in Group A. The median time to first analgesia was 9.75 h (range 3–15 h) in Group P and 10.5 h (range 2.5–21 h) in Group A. The study confirmed the efficacy of the fascia iliaca compartment block in children and showed that when performed with 2 mg·kg⁻¹ of bupivacaine it is associated with plasma concentrations of bupivacaine well within acceptable limits. The addition of adrenaline 1/200 000 to the local anaesthetic solution reduces the maximum plasma concentration reached.     

超声引导下髂腰肌平面阻滞与髂筋膜间隙阻滞在髋关节置换围术期镇痛效果的比较

目的 比较超声引导下髂腰肌平面阻滞与髂筋膜间隙阻滞在髋关节置换围术期镇痛效果。方法 选择择期行单侧髋关节置换术患者50例,男28例,女22例,年龄18～95岁,BMI 17～35 kg/m²,ASAⅠ—Ⅲ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组：髂腰肌平面阻滞组(Ⅰ组)和髂筋膜间隙阻滞组(S组),每组25例。Ⅰ组在髂股韧带和髂腰肌之间注射0.3%罗哌卡因10 ml, S组在腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜间隙注射0.3%罗哌卡因40 ml。术后采用舒芬太尼行患者自控静脉镇痛,VAS疼痛评分≥4分时,静脉注射氟比洛芬酯50 mg补救镇痛。记录神经阻滞操作时间、起效时间。记录术中丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼用量和舒芬太尼追加次数、术后2、6、8、12和24 h静息和活动(抬髋15°)时VAS疼痛评分、术后24 h镇痛泵有效按压次数和总按压次数、术后24 h舒芬太尼用量和补救镇痛情况。记录术后恶心呕吐、谵妄、感染、局麻药中毒和股四头肌无力发生情况。结果 与S组比较,Ⅰ组神经阻滞操作时间和起效时间明显缩短,术中舒芬太尼追加率、术后8 h活动时VAS疼痛评分、术后股四头肌无力发生率明显降低(P<0....     

罗哌卡因用于老年髋部骨折患者椎管内麻醉摆放体位前FICB的半数有效浓度

目的:探讨罗哌卡因在老年髋部骨折患者椎管内麻醉摆放体位前行髂筋膜间隙阻滞（fascia iliaca compartment block, FICB）的半数有效浓度（median effective concentration, EC 50）及其95%CI。 方法:选择2020年9月—2021年3...     

Fascia iliaca compartment block performed by junior registrars as a supplement to pre-operative analgesia for patients with hip fracture

This study investigate the efficacy of pre-operative pain treatment for patients with hip fractures using fascia lliaca compartment block (FIB) technique performed by junior registrars (JR) as a supplement to conventional pain treatment. The FIB technique has routinely been used pre-operatively in the emergency department since 1 January 2004 for all patients with hip fractures. Over an 8-month period, 187 patients were treated. FIB was performed with 40 ml lidocaine and bubivacaine. A simple 5-step verbal pain score and maximal passive hip flexion was used as objective and subjective pain measurements. Effect of FIB was prospectively assessed on 70 patients: 2/3 females, mean age 80.7 (SD = 7.8), 36% in ASA-group III and IV (95% CI, 0.25–0.48). The median pain-free hip flexion pre-block was 15° (SD = 17) this improved to a median of 28° (SD = 21) 15 min post-block (P = 0.014) and 37° (SD = 26) 60 min post-block (P = 0.030). The median simple verbal pain score (0–4) pre-block was 2.2 (SD = 0.92). This decreased to a median of 1.5 (SD = 0.78) 15 min post-block (P < 0.001) and 1.3 (SD = 0.71) 60 min post-block (P = 0.021). No side-effects were observed. There was no correlation between the number of FIB previously performed by the attending registrar and the improved maximal hip flexion (ρ = 0.090, P = 0.50) or reduction in subjective pain score (ρ = 0.005, P = 0.971). FIB performed by JR is a feasible, efficient pre-operative supplement to conventional pain-treatment for patients with hip fractures. FIB is easy to perform, requires minimal introduction, no expensive equipment and is connected with a minimal risk approach.     

超声引导下髂筋膜间隙联合骶丛神经阻滞在老年全髋关节置换术中的应用

目的评价超声引导下髂筋膜间隙联合骶丛神经阻滞在老年全髋关节置换后外侧入路手术中的应用效果。方法选择择期行单侧人工全髋关节置换术(后外侧入路)患者60例,男24例,女36例,年龄65~90岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,随机分为研究组(NB组)和对照组(SA组),每组30例。NB组在超声引导下先行髂筋膜间隙阻滞(0.4%罗哌卡因50ml),然后行骶丛神经阻滞(0.5%罗哌卡因20ml);SA组行轻比重单侧腰麻2.0~2.5ml(0.5%布比卡因2ml+灭菌注射用水1ml)。记录两组的感觉、运动阻滞起效及完善时间。记录患者入室时(T_0)、摆放体位前1min(T_1)、摆体位时(T_2)、手术切皮时(T_3)、手术开始后30min(T_4)、手术结束时(T_5)、术后24h(T_6)的VAS评分。记录两组患者术中辅助使用多巴胺、阿托品的情况及并发症的发生情况。结果 NB组感觉、运动阻滞起效及完善时间明显长于SA组(P0.05)。T_1、T_2、T_6时NB组VAS评分明显低于SA组,T_3、T_5时NB组VAS评分明显高于SA组(P0.05)。NB组使用多巴胺2例(6.7%),明显少于SA组的8例(26.7%)(P0.05)。NB组头痛、恶心、呕吐、尿潴留发生率明显低于SA组(P0.05)。结论超声引导下髂筋膜间隙联合骶丛神经阻滞应用于老年全髋关节置换后外侧入路手术,可减轻摆放体位所致的疼痛,减少血管活性药物的用量,且术后早期镇痛效果好,不良反应较少。     

髂筋膜间隙阻滞对前外侧小切口入路全髋置换术的影响

目的:比较单纯椎管内麻醉与联合髂筋膜间隙阻滞（fascia iliaca compartment block,FICB）对前外侧小切口（orthopädische chirurgie München,OCM）入路全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty,THA）的影响分析。方法：2019年1月至2020年10月择期行单侧全髋关节置换术患者,分别采用椎管内麻醉复合超声引导下髂筋膜间隙阻滞（A组30例）和单纯椎管内麻醉（B组30例）。两组患者椎管内用药成分相同,术后采用相同静脉镇痛治疗方案。观察比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、臀中肌剥离程度、股骨大转子劈裂情况,术后髋关节疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）,术前及术后48 h 股四头肌及髋关节外展肌力,术后髋关节功能Harris评分。结果：所有患者获得随访,时间48~62（54.2±4.0）周。A组患者切口长度、手术时间及术中出血量明显低于B组（P<0.05）。A组术后24 h血红蛋白水平明显高于B组（P<0.05）。A组术后48 h髋关节外展肌力明显高于B组（P<0.05）。A组患者臀中肌剥离程度明显低于B组（P<0.05）。A组患者术后8、12、24 h VAS明显低于B组（P<0.05）;A组患者术后2、8周Harris评分明显高于B组（P<0.05）。结论：超声引导下髂筋膜间隙阻滞应用于侧卧位OCM入路THA,能明显缩短手术时间、减少术中出血量、减少术中臀中肌剥离情况等髋关节周围创伤及改善患者术后早期疼痛,有利于OCM入路临床操作及患者术后快速康复。     

腰丛阻滞和腹股沟上髂筋膜阻滞在老年髋关节置换术中的比较

目的 比较超声引导下腰丛阻滞(LPB)和腹股沟上髂筋膜阻滞(SIFICB)在老年髋关节置换术中的麻醉效果.方法 选择2019年9月至2020年3月髋部骨折拟行单侧髋关节置换术的老年患者60例,男18例,女42例,年龄65～85岁,BMI 19～27 kg/m2,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级.采用随机数字表法分为两组:超声引导下LPB...     

超声引导下连续改良腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞对全髋关节置换术后镇痛效果的影响

目的观察超声引导下连续改良腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞在全髋关节置换术后的镇痛效果。方法择期全麻下行单侧全髋关节置换术患者60例,男33例,女27例,年龄60～86岁,体重44～82 kg,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法将患者随机分为两组:超声引导下连续改良腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞组(E组)和静脉自控镇痛组(C组)。E组在全麻诱导前行改良腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞后留置导管,术后导管接电子泵行连续阻滞镇痛;C组术后使用PCIA。记录术后2、4、6、12、24、36、48 h静息和活动时VAS疼痛评分、曲马多补救镇痛情况、首次下床活动时间、术后镇痛满意度评分和不良反应的发生情况。结果术后1～48 h E组活动时VAS疼痛评分明显低于C组(P0.05),术后1～36 h E组静息时VAS疼痛评分明显低于C组(P0.05)。E组使用曲马多补救镇痛例数明显少于C组[4例(13%) vs 14例(47%),P0.05],首次下床活动时间明显短于C组[(24.2±1.8) h vs (39.7±1.7) h,P0.05],术后镇痛满意度评分明显高于C组[(9.0±0.6)分vs (6.1±0.8)分,P0.05],恶心呕吐发生率明显低于C组[3例(10%) vs 11例(37%),P0.05]。结论超声引导下连续改良腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞能提供良好的镇痛,促进患者早期功能锻炼和康复,可作为一种新型的镇痛方式应用于全髋关节置换术后患者的镇痛。     

改良髂筋膜间隙联合腘窝坐骨神经阻滞在单侧大隐静脉曲张手术中的应用

目的观察改良髂筋膜间隙联合腘窝坐骨神经阻滞在单侧大隐静脉曲张手术中的麻醉效果。方法选择择期行单侧大隐静脉高位结扎加抽剥术患者60例,男32例,女28例,年龄42~76岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法将其分为改良髂筋膜间隙联合腘窝坐骨神经阻滞组(N组)和硬膜外阻滞组(E组),每组30例。N组先行腘窝坐骨神经阻滞,再在超声图像上确认髂筋膜和股神经位置,先行股神经阻滞,再在同一穿刺点从缝匠肌内侧缘开始,由外向内沿髂筋膜下给1%利多卡因10ml和0.5%罗哌卡因10ml,同时超声探头在腹股沟韧带水平向内移动,内侧达股动脉上方;E组采用L2~3间隙行硬膜外阻滞。记录两组阻滞前(T0)、阻滞后10min(T1)、30min(T2)、60min(T3)的SBP、DBP及HR;记录两组阻滞完成时间、感觉阻滞起效时间、术中麻黄碱使用情况、麻醉效果及术后48h恶心呕吐、头痛及尿潴留发生情况。结果与T0时比较,T2时E组的SBP和DBP明显降低(P0.05),T2时N组SBP和DBP明显高于E组(P0.05);N组感觉阻滞起效时间明显短于E组、术中麻黄碱使用率明显低于E组(P0.05);E组整体麻醉效果优于N组(P0.05),但两组麻醉效果优良率差异无统计学意义;术后48hN组尿潴留发生率明显低于E组(P0.05)。结论改良髂筋膜间隙联合腘窝坐骨神经阻滞用于单侧大隐静脉高位结扎加抽剥术中,麻醉效果良好,较硬膜外阻滞具有血流动力学影响小、术后并发症少及适应证更广等优点。     

A randomised,controlled, double blind,non‐inferiority trial of ultrasound‐guided fascia iliaca block vs. spinal morphine for analgesia after primary hip arthroplasty

We performed a single centre, double blind, randomised, controlled, non‐inferiority study comparing ultrasound‐guided fascia iliaca block with spinal morphine for the primary outcome of 24‐h postoperative morphine consumption in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia with levobupivacaine. One hundred and eight patients were randomly allocated to receive either ultrasound‐guided fascia iliaca block with 2 mg.kg^?1 levobupivacaine (fascia iliaca group) or spinal morphine 100 μg plus a sham ultrasound‐guided fascia iliaca block using saline (spinal morphine group). The pre‐defined non‐inferiority margin was a median difference between the groups of 10 mg in cumulative intravenous morphine use in the first 24 h postoperatively. Patients in the fascia iliaca group received 25 mg more intravenous morphine than patients in the spinal morphine group (95% CI 9.0–30.5 mg, p < 0.001). Ultrasound‐guided fascia iliaca block was significantly worse than spinal morphine in the provision of analgesia in the first 24 h after total hip arthroplasty. No increase in side‐effects was noted in the spinal morphine group but the study was not powered to investigate all secondary outcomes.     

超声引导下改良髂筋膜间隙阻滞在老年股骨近端骨折麻醉中的应用

目的观察超声引导下改良髂筋膜间隙阻滞在老年股骨近端骨折手术中的麻醉效果。方法选择股骨近端骨折拟行人工股骨头置换术或股骨近端髓内钉手术的老年患者60例,男22例,女38例,年龄65~99岁,BMI 18.6~29.7kg/m2,ASAⅠ-Ⅳ级。采用随机数字表法将其分为两组:单纯全麻组(GA组)和全麻联合神经阻滞组(GB组),每组30例。两组均给予咪达唑仑、依托咪酯、舒芬太尼及顺式阿曲库铵麻醉诱导后行喉罩全麻,GB组在全麻后,经超声引导给予0.5%罗哌卡因30ml进行改良髂筋膜间隙阻滞。记录入室时(T0)、置入人工气道即刻(T1)、手术开始5min(T2)、手术结束时(T3)的HR、SBP、DBP;记录术中麻醉药物的用量、手术时间、麻醉苏醒时间、人工气道拔除时间、拔除30min和出恢复室时的Ramsay镇静评分;记录术后第一次补救镇痛时间、补救镇痛使用次数、血管活性药物使用总次数;记录术后2、6、12、24和48h静息和咳嗽时的视觉模拟疼痛(VAS)评分。记录术后48h恶心、呕吐发生情况。结果与T0时比较,T1时两组HR明显减慢,SBP、DBP均明显降低,T2时GA组SBP明显升高(P0.05)。与GA组比较,GB组麻醉过程中舒芬太尼、丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼用量明显减少(P0.05),苏醒时间、人工气道拔除时间明显缩短(P0.05),拔管30min时Ramsay镇静评分明显降低(P0.05),第一次补救镇痛时间明显延长(P0.05),补救镇痛使用次数和血管活性药物使用总次数明显减少(P0.05),术后2、6和12h静息和咳嗽时VAS评分均明显降低(P0.05)。两组术后恶心呕吐差异无统计学意义。结论在老年股骨近端骨折手术中采用全麻联合改良髂筋膜间隙阻滞,具有术中减少全麻药物的用量、术后恢复佳、术后镇痛效果好等优点。     

右美托咪定滴鼻联合髂筋膜间隙阻滞在老年髋部骨折患者围术期的应用效果

目的 探讨右美托咪定滴鼻联合髂筋膜间隙阻滞在老年髋部骨折患者围术期的应用效果。方法 选择择期行腰-硬联合麻醉下髋部骨折手术的老年患者59例,男14例,女45例,年龄≥65岁,BMI 14.1～30.3 kg/m²,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组：右美托咪定滴鼻联合髂筋膜间隙阻滞组(D组,n=29)和髂筋膜间隙阻滞组(F组,n=30)。术前1 d晚间D组给予右美托咪定滴鼻后在超声引导下行患侧髂筋膜间隙阻滞,F组仅在超声引导下行患侧髂筋膜间隙阻滞。记录右美托咪定滴鼻前(T₁)、髂筋膜间隙阻滞后1 h(T₂)、过转运床即刻(T₃)、过手术床即刻(T₄)、摆体位时(T₅)的HR、MAP、SpO₂和疼痛数字评价量表(NRS)评分。记录术前1 d、手术当日及术后1、2 d的汉密尔顿焦虑(HAM-A)评分和里兹睡眠问卷(LSEQ)评分。记录术后7 d内谵妄发生情况及术后住院时间。记录低血压、心动过缓以及术后48 h内恶心呕吐、头晕、...     

High plasma ropivacaine concentrations after fascia iliaca compartment block in children

Background. The pharmacokinetic profile of local anaestheticsis influenced by the mode of administration. We sought to comparethe pharmacokinetics of two doses of ropivacaine after fasciailiaca compartment (FIC) block in children. Methods. In this prospective, double-blind study, children receivedan FIC block as a part of their anaesthetic management duringelective orthopaedic surgery on the thigh. They were randomizedto receive ropivacaine 0.7 ml kg^–1 using either a0.375% or 0.5% solution. Venous blood samples were drawn upto 6 h after injection. Plasma concentrations of ropivacainewere measured by gas–liquid chromatography. Results. Six children (10.2 (range 5–15) yr, 35.6 (SD10) kg were included. FIC block provided satisfactory peroperativepain relief. No signs of toxicity were observed, but high maximalplasma concentrations (C_max 4.33–5.6 µg ml^–1),were observed for three of four patients in the ropivacaine0.5% group. The two patients in the 0.375% group showed valueswithin the safe range (C_max 0.66 and 0.98 µg ml^–1respectively). Even though no toxic effects were observed, theseresults led us to discontinue the study. Conclusions. The administration of ropivacaine 3.5 mg kg^–1can be associated with sustained high plasma concentrationsof ropivacaine, outside the tolerable range. In view of theseresults, we recommend the use of lower ropivacaine dosage duringFIC block in children. Br J Anaesth 2004: 92: 416–18