磁共振扩散加权成像在诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤中的价值

目的：探讨磁共振扩散加权成像（DWI）在诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤中的价值。方法56例经病理证实的卵巢肿瘤患者（33例卵巢恶性肿瘤,23例卵巢良性肿瘤）行M RI及DWI检查,测量良恶性肿瘤的囊、实性部分的ADC值并进行分析。结果卵巢恶性肿瘤实性部分ADC值[（1．68±0．37）×10－3 mm2／s]明显低于卵巢良性肿瘤实性部分[（3．51±0．53）×10－3 mm2／s]（P＜0．05）;而卵巢恶性肿瘤囊性部分ADC值[（5．34±0．54）×10－3 mm2／s]与卵巢良性肿瘤囊性部分[（5．89±0．37）×10－3 mm2／s]没有显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论磁共振DWI的定量分析有助于卵巢恶性肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断。     

磁共振扩散加权成像在眼眶良恶性肿瘤鉴别中的应用

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)及表观扩散系数(ADC)在眼眶良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析40例(良性组∶恶性组=25∶15)眼眶肿瘤病例的DWI及ADC图像,分析其DWI及ADC图像信号特点.逐层勾画肿瘤边界以获得整体感兴趣区(ROD,得到肿瘤平均ADC值(ADCM).眼眶良恶性肿瘤的信号特点比较采用Fisher精确检验,2组间ADCM值比较采用独立样本t检验.炎性假瘤及淋巴瘤的ADCM值比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验.采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)法分析AIDCM值对眼眶良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值.结果 眼眶良恶性肿瘤组间DWI图像信号特点无明显统计学差异(P＞0.05),2组ADC图像信号特点有明显统计学差异(P＜0.05).良性肿瘤的ADCM明显高于恶性肿瘤(P＜0.05),其中炎性假瘤的ADCM明显高于淋巴瘤(P＜0.05).以ADC值≥1.289×10-3 mm2/s判断眼眶肿瘤良恶性,可获得最优的诊断价值[曲线下面积(AUC)0.968;敏感度0.960;特异度0.933].结论 磁共振DWI及ADC值在眼眶肿瘤良恶性鉴别中具有重要价值.     

磁共振扩散加权成像对Ⅰa期子宫内膜癌的鉴别诊断价值

目的：探讨表观扩散系数(ADC)值测量对Ⅰa 期子宫内膜癌的鉴别诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的Ⅰa期子宫内膜癌患者18例,子宫良性病变患者22例,其中子宫内膜增生9例,子宫内膜息肉8例,黏膜下肌瘤变性5例,所有患者均行 MRI、扩散加权成像(DWI)检查,采用单次激发的平面回波成像(EPI)序列,b 值为0 s/mm2和1000 s/mm2。结果Ⅰa 期子宫内膜癌、子宫内膜增生、子宫内膜息肉和黏膜下肌瘤变性的 ADC 值分别为(0.89±0.21)×10-3 mm2/s、(1.45±0.19)×10-3 mm2/s、(1.29±0.32)×10-3 mm2/s、(1.32±0.29)×10-3 mm2/s,组间差异有统计学意义(F =48.021 P =0.00,one-way NOVA ),两两组间比较(LSD)Ⅰa 期子宫内膜癌和各组良性病变间均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论ADC 值测量对Ⅰa 期子宫内膜癌有很好的鉴别诊断价值。     

磁共振扩散加权成像诊断脑脓肿的价值

目的: 评价磁共振扩散加权成像对脑脓肿的诊断及与颅内囊性、坏死性肿瘤鉴别诊断的价值.材料和方法: 对14例脑脓肿与17例颅内囊性、坏死性肿瘤的DWI信号特征进行分析,测量并比较病灶的表观扩散系数 (ADC) 值、病灶与对照区的ADC值比率(ADC率,rADC).结果: 14例脑脓肿在DWI上均呈程度不等的高信号,其中12例在ADC上呈低信号,平均ADC值为(0.62±0.29)×10-3mm2/ s,平均rADC为0.77±0.36;17例囊性、坏死性肿瘤中15例在DWI上呈低信号,16例在ADC上呈高信号,平均ADC值为(2.37±0.70)×10-3mm2/ s,平均rADC为3.24±1.08.统计分析显示脑脓肿与囊性坏死性肿瘤的平均ADC值及rADC的差异均有显著性意义(P<0.01),前者均显著低于后者; DWI与ADC相结合对脑脓肿的诊断敏感度和特异度分别为84.6%、94.1%,显著高于文献报道相应常规MRI的60%、27.27%.结论: DWI与ADC能有效反映脓肿与囊性、坏死性肿瘤的不同液态性质,对脑脓肿的诊断与鉴别诊断具有重要价值.     

磁共振扩散加权成像在子宫肿瘤诊断中的应用

磁共振扩散加权成像在子宫肿瘤诊断中的应用受到越来越多的关注,特别是普通子宫肌瘤与变性肌瘤的区分,子宫内膜癌和宫颈癌术前病灶的检出、淋巴结转移的判定等,这些直接影响肿瘤的术前分期、预后评估和治疗方案的选择,具有十分重要的临床意义。     

磁共振扩散加权成像在子宫肿瘤诊断中的应用

磁共振扩散加权成像在子宫肿瘤诊断中的应用受到越来越多的关注,特别是普通子宫肌瘤与变性肌瘤的区分,子宫内膜癌和宫颈癌术前病灶的检出、淋巴结转移的判定等,这些直接影响肿瘤的术前分期、预后评估和治疗方案的选择,具有十分重要的临床意义.     

磁共振扩散加权成像对睾丸肿块的鉴别诊断价值

目的:探讨扩散加权成像(DWI)对睾丸肿块的定量鉴别诊断价值.方法:搜集经病理证实的睾丸占位患者47例,其中恶性病变33例,良性病变14例,47例患者均行MRI平扫及DWI检查,其中27例行增强MRI检查.两位医师采用双盲法进行ADC值测量,一致性分析运用组内/组间相关系数,采用独立样本t检验及单因素方差分析比较不同病...     

磁共振扩散加权成像对直肠癌术前分期的价值

目的:探讨MR扩散加权成像在直肠癌诊断中的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析43例直肠癌患者的MRI资料,所有患者均行常规序列T1WI、T2WI及DWI检查,将MRI诊断结果与手术病理结果进行对照分析。结果:常规序列T1分期的诊断符合率为60.0%(3/5),T2、T3、T4分期分别为80.0%(12/15)、66.7%(12/18)和80.0%(4/5);常规序列联合DWI的T1分期诊断符合率为100%(5/5),T2、T3、T4分期分别为100.0%(15/15)、83.3%(15/18)和100.0%(5/5)。常规序列及常规序列联合DWI的直肠癌T分期总诊断符合率分别为72.1%和93.0%。结论:MR扩散加权成像结合常规序列能够对直肠癌T分期做出较准确的诊断。     

磁共振扩散加权成像在恶性肿瘤诊断中的应用进展

磁共振扩散加权成像（DWI）反映了水分子的微观扩散运动，是从细胞及分子水平研究疾病的病理生理状态的一种技术，可用于判断功能及定性诊断。DWI主要用于脑缺血的早期诊断，近年来逐渐应用于恶性肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断。全身DWI基于传统DWI技术，结合全身成像技术，可一次完成全身检查，全面检出原发灶及分布全身的远处转移灶，有助于恶性肿瘤的分期及治疗方案的制定，逐渐成为一种恶性肿瘤全身转移灶筛查的有力工具。     

磁共振扩散加权成像在恶性肿瘤诊断中的应用进展

磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)反映了水分子的微观扩散运动,是从细胞及分子水平研究疾病的病理生理状态的一种技术,可用于判断功能及定性诊断.DWI主要用于脑缺血的早期诊断.近年来逐渐应用于恶性肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断.全身DWI基于传统DWI技术,结合全身成像技术,可一次完成全身检查,全面检出原发灶及分布全身的远处转移灶,有助于恶性肿瘤的分期及治疗方案的制定,逐渐成为一种恶性肿瘤全身转移灶筛查的有力工具.     

磁共振扩散加权成像在乳腺良恶性病变中的诊断价值

目的探讨磁共振扩散加权成像在乳腺良恶性病变中的诊断价值。方法收集我院2010年2—8月经手术病理证实或穿刺活检证实的50例乳腺癌患者和50例乳腺良性病变患者。DWI扫描b值分别为400、600、8001、000 s/mm2,测量病灶区域的ADC值,并比较各组之间的差异。结果 b值分别为400、6008、001、000时乳腺癌及良性病变的ADC值,恶性组ADC值明显低于良性组(P<0.05)。四组不同b值的良恶性病变分别做ROC曲线,以b=1 000 s/mm2时,AUC最大,诊断价值最高,以ADC值为1.23×10-3mm2/s作为良恶性病变的诊断阈值,敏感性为90.0%,特异性为89.8%,准确性为89.9%。结论 DWI结合ADC值测量,对乳腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断具有较高的临床应用价值。     

磁共振扩散成像技术及其在肝癌的临床应用

磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)技术可以在分子水平对生物体的组织结构和功能状态进行无创检查。随着磁共振超快速成像序列的开发,使DWI成像技术能够在肝脏应用。肝癌是消化系统常见的恶性肿瘤,DWI在肝癌的鉴别诊断和治疗后评估中具有重要意义,成为一种新的无创检查方法。     

不同定量测量参数对子宫肌瘤IVIM扩散和灌注特点显示的差异

目的 研究用直方图计算的不同定量测量参数对子宫肌瘤体素内不相干运动(IVIM)扩散和灌注特点显示的差异.方法 63例患者80个子宫肌瘤,进行了MR 3D T2WI和IVIM成像,根据肌瘤T2WI信号将肌瘤分为Funaki 1型、2型、3型.分别用直方图计算3种类型肌瘤的IVIM扩散系数(D)、灌注系数(D*)和灌注分数(f)的平均值、位于直方图左侧第25%(D25、D*25、f25)、50%(D50、D*50、f50)、75%(D75、D*75、f75)位置的数值.使用方差分析对3种肌瘤的IVIM定量测量参数进行比较.结果 80个肌瘤中Funaki分型1型肌瘤44个,2型肌瘤24个,3型肌瘤12个,3种肌瘤间D的直方图计算值和均值都有显著性差异(P<0.05),但灌注参数只有D*75有显著性差异(P<0.05).3种肌瘤的f不论是直方图计算值还是均值都无显著性差异.结论 用直方图计算子宫肌瘤IVIM的扩散参数没有比均值提供更多的信息,但直方图计算灌注参数D*75较均值更能反映不同类型肌瘤的灌注特点.     

磁共振扩散加权成像在肝脓肿诊断中的价值

目的:探讨肝脓肿的磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)影像特征,提高其影像诊断水平.方法:回顾性分析20例患者中30个肝脓肿的常规磁共振扫描加动态增强扫描及DWI图像,表观扩散系数(ADC)值定量分析肝脓肿的脓腔、脓肿壁及周围正常肝组织.结果:ADC图上,30个肝脓肿的脓腔中24个呈明显低信号,2个等信号,4个明显高信号,ADC值为(0.69～2.62)×10-3 mm2/s.30个肝脓肿中,8个未见明显脓肿壁形成; 22个脓肿壁在DWI图像上呈多样信号,在ADC图上均呈稍高信号,平均ADC值为(1.70 ± 0.23)×10-3 mm2/s.结论:肝脓肿的脓腔在DWI上常表现为明显高信号,ADC值较低;但部分脓腔ADC值较高,与肿瘤囊变坏死区难以鉴别;脓肿壁在ADC图上呈稍高信号的影像学特征有助于其诊断和鉴别诊断.     

Semiautomated spleen volumetry with diffusion-weighted MR imaging

In this article, we determined the relative accuracy of semiautomated spleen volumetry with diffusion-weighted (DW) MR images compared to standard manual volumetry with DW-MR or CT images. Semiautomated spleen volumetry using simple thresholding followed by 3D and 2D connected component analysis was performed with DW-MR images. Manual spleen volumetry was performed on DW-MR and CT images. In this study, 35 potential live liver donor candidates were included. Semiautomated volumetry results were highly correlated with manual volumetry results using DW-MR (r = 0.99; P < 0.0001; mean percentage absolute difference, 1.43 ± 0.94) and CT (r = 0.99; P < 0.0001; 1.76 ± 1.07). Mean total processing time for semiautomated volumetry was significantly shorter compared to that of manual volumetry with DW-MR (P < 0.0001) and CT (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, semiautomated spleen volumetry with DW-MR images can be performed rapidly and accurately when compared with standard manual volumetry.     

MR spectroscopic imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging of prostate cancer with Gleason scores

Purpose:

To investigate functional changes in prostate cancer patients with three pathologically proven different Gleason scores (GS) (3+3, 3+4, and 4+3) using magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI).

Materials and Methods:

In this study MRSI and DWI data were acquired in 41 prostate cancer patients using a 1.5T MRI scanner with a body matrix combined with an endorectal coil. The metabolite ratios of (Cho+Cr)/Cit were calculated from the peak integrals of total choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), and citrate (Cit) in MRSI. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were derived from DWI for three groups of Gleason scores. The sensitivity and specificity of MRSI and DWI in patients were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis.

Results:

The mean and standard deviation of (Cho+Cr)/Cit ratios of GS 3+3, GS 3+4, and GS 4+3 were: 0.44 ± 0.02, 0.56 ± 0.06, and 0.88 ± 0.11, respectively. For the DWI, the mean and standard deviation of ADC values in GS 3+3, GS 3+4, and GS 4+3 were: 1.13 ± 0.11, 0.97 ± 0.10, and 0.83 ± 0.08 mm²/sec, respectively. Statistical significances were observed between the GS and metabolite ratio as well as ADC values and GS.

Conclusion:

Combined MRSI and DWI helps identify the presence and the proportion of aggressive cancer (ie, Gleason grade 4) that might not be apparent on biopsy sampling. This information can guide subsequent rebiopsy management, especially for active surveillance programs. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:697–703. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

磁共振扩散加权成像在颈部淋巴结病变中的应用

目的:探讨颈部淋巴结病变DWI检查的可行性,并重点研究影响DWI图像质量的技术参数。方法:使用GE1.5T磁共振扫描仪及颈部相控阵线圈对30例单侧或双侧颈部淋巴结肿大患者行常规SE序列扫描,其中16例为恶性肿瘤,14例为良性病变,均经手术及病理证实。全部病例使用体线圈行SE-EPI DWI序列扫描,采用全方位扩散梯度及6个b值扫描。DWI扫描时间40~52s。结果:在DWI序列扫描中,恶性淋巴结和反应性增生性淋巴结均呈高信号,计算ADC值可以鉴别良性和恶性淋巴结,通过各种扫描参数的合理匹配,可使图像的信噪比达到最佳,并减少图像的几何变形。结论:DWI对于鉴别颈部良恶性淋巴结病变是一种快速可行并行之有效的技术,具有一定的临床价值。     

Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of uterine endometrial cancer

PURPOSE: To determine the feasibility of diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI of uterine endometrial cancer and to investigate whether the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of endometrial cancer differ from those of normal endometrium and whether they differ according to the histologic grade of the tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study population included 18 consecutive females with surgically proven endometrial cancer and 12 females with pathologically confirmed normal endometrium in cervical cancer patients. Visual evaluation and ADC measurement were performed in endometrial cancer and normal endometrium. RESULTS: All endometrial cancer and the normal endometrium appeared hyperintense on DW images. The mean ADC value (10(-3) mm(2)/second) of endometrial cancer was 0.88 +/- 0.16, which was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than that of normal endometrium (1.53 +/- 0.10). The mean ADC value for each histologic grade was 0.93 +/- 0.16 (G1), 0.92 +/- 0.13 (G2), and 0.73 +/- 0.09 (G3). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that DW imaging is feasible in demonstrating uterine endometrial cancer and ADC measurement has a potential ability to differentiate between normal and cancerous tissue of the endometrium. The ADC values of endometrial cancers of higher grade show tendency to decrease compared to those of lower grade, although estimation of histologic grade based on ADC values seems difficult because of considerable overlap.     

Detection of lymph node metastasis in cervical and uterine cancers by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 3T

PURPOSE: To evaluate diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for detection of pelvic lymph node metastasis in patients with cervical and uterine cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty patients scheduled for pelvic lymph node dissection were enrolled for 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a single-shot echo-planar DWI technique, body-phased array coil, b = 0, 1000 s/mm(2). We measured short/long-axis diameters, mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of all identifiable nodes, relative ADC values between tumors and nodes, and utilized their cutoff values to validate the diagnostic accuracy internally. Histopathologic results served as the reference standard. RESULTS: The relative ADC values between tumor and nodes were significantly lower in metastatic than in benign nodes (0.06 vs. 0.21 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s, P < 0.001; cutoff value 0.10 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s). Compared to conventional MRI, the method combining size and relative ADC values resulted in better sensitivity (25% vs. 83%) and similar specificity (98% vs. 99%). The smallest metastatic lymph node detected by this method measured 5 mm on its short axis. CONCLUSION: The combination of size and relative ADC values was useful in detecting pelvic lymph node metastasis in patients with cervical and uterine cancers.     

常规MRI结合DWI在良恶性脑膜瘤鉴别诊断中的应用

目的：探讨常规MRI结合扩散加权成像（DWI）在良、恶性脑膜瘤鉴别诊断中的临床应用。方法：对56例良性（Ⅰ级）、11例非典型性（Ⅱ级）和4例间变性脑膜瘤（Ⅲ级）患者行常规MRI和DWI检查,所有病例均经手术和病理证实。结果：①良、恶性脑膜瘤的最常见部位均位于额部;两者在肿瘤大小、形态和信号特点等方面均无明显差异;但恶性脑膜瘤在肿瘤囊变坏死、边缘不规整、周围水肿、肿瘤强化方式和脑膜尾征等征象发生率上明显高于良性脑膜瘤,两者之间差异有明显统计学意义;肿瘤侵犯脑实质或（和）破坏周围颅骨是诊断恶性脑膜瘤较为特异性征象;②良、恶性脑膜瘤的扩散系数（ADC）值分别为（8.73±1.68）×10^-9mm^2/s、（7.26±3.22）×10^-9mm^2/s,两者之间差异存在显著性意义。结论：常规MRI对于良恶性脑膜瘤的鉴别诊断有一些特征性征象,结合ADC值的变化,能明显提高对于良恶性脑膜瘤的鉴别诊断。