Evaluation research on social work interventions: a study on the impact of social worker staffing

This study examined the impact of social worker staffing on depression and health-related quality of life (QOL) of end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis. Social workers in most dialysis units work a 5-day week. Patients are usually dialyzed three times per week. Patients on a Monday-Wednesday-Friday schedule have access to their social worker 3 days a week, while the Tuesday-Thursday-Saturday schedule patients have only 2 days; that is, contact with the social worker is reduced by one third for those patients. Findings demonstrated that those patients who had access to the social workers one third less time had statistically significant poorer QOL on 4 of the 5 domains measured, and had clinically indicated levels of depression. Findings reinforce the importance of the social worker in the life of the dialysis patient.     

Evaluation Research on Social Work Interventions: A Study on the Impact of Social Worker Staffing

ABSTRACT

This study examined the impact of social worker staffing on depression and health-related quality of life (QOL) of end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis. Social workers in most dialysis units work a 5-day week. Patients are usually dialyzed three times per week. Patients on a Monday-Wednesday-Friday schedule have access to their social worker 3 days a week, while the Tuesday-Thursday-Saturday schedule patients have only 2 days; that is, contact with the social worker is reduced by one third for those patients. Findings demonstrated that those patients who had access to the social workers one third less time had statistically significant poorer QOL on 4 of the 5 domains measured, and had clinically indicated levels of depression. Findings reinforce the importance of the social worker in the life of the dialysis patient.     

基于微信平台的健康教育对中青年居家腹膜透析患者负性情绪和自我管理能力的影响

目的 探讨基于微信平台的健康教育对中青年居家腹膜透析患者负性情绪和自我管理能力的影响.方法 选取2018年9月至2020年7月我院收治的中青年居家腹膜透析患者74例,随机分为实验组和对照组各37例.对照组采用常规健康教育,实验组采用基于微信平台的健康教育.比较两组患者干预前后的负性情绪和自我管理能力.结果 干预前,两组...     

基于现代护理理念的延续性护理对抑郁症患者心理功能和社会功能的影响研究

目的探讨基于现代护理理念的延续性护理对抑郁症患者心理功能和社会功能的影响。方法选取我院2018年1月至2019年10月收治的70例抑郁症患者,随机分为对照组和观察组各35例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上实施延续性护理。比较两组患者的焦虑、抑郁、心理功能、社会功能评分。结果护理后,观察组的SAS、 SDS评分均显著低于对照组(P <0.05);观察组的心理功能、社会功能评分显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。结论延续性护理能够明显改善抑郁症患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪,提升其社会功能和心理功能,值得临床推广应用。     

团体人际心理治疗产后抑郁症的疗效观察

目的:探讨团体人际心理治疗对减轻产后抑郁症患者抑郁症状和改善社会功能的效果。方法:人际心理治疗组38例产后抑郁症患者进行8周的团体人际心理治疗,对照组的35例产后抑郁症患者给予一般治疗。两组患者在治疗前及治疗后3个月采用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、人际问题问卷(IIP)及社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)等进行评估。结果:与对照组比较,治疗后3个月末的人际心理治疗组人际能力和社会功能改善更明显(P<0.01),人际心理治疗组抑郁症状的缓解程度明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:团体人际心理治疗能够改善产后抑郁症患者的人际能力和社会功能,对产后抑郁症有较好的疗效。     

多学科合作健康教育对肾衰患者心理状况的影响

目的：探讨多学科合作式健康教育对改善肾衰患者焦虑抑郁心理状态的影响。方法：随机选择58例终末期肾脏病入院患者分为两组,对干预组除与对照组一样给予常规护理外,开展多学科合作式健康教育。使用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组患者进行评估,比较两组患者透析治疗前、透析治疗过程中的焦虑和抑郁状况。结果：多学科合作干预组患者的认知程度、治疗信心、合作程度明显提高,而焦虑、抑郁症状明显减轻。结论：多学科合作健康教育对改善透析患者的焦虑抑郁心理状况和提升患者依从性有显著作用。     

综合干预对住院抑郁症患者的疗效观察

目的探讨综合干预对住院抑郁症患者缓解症状和改善社会功能的效果。方法选择符合DSM-IV诊断标准的60例住院抑郁症患者,随机分成研究组和对照组,每组各30例,研究组接受药物治疗联合综合干预,而对照组接受单独的药物治疗,观察8周。在治疗前、治疗12周末分别对两组患者进行汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)评分。结果治疗8周末,研究组和对照组的抑郁水平和社会功能都较治疗前有显著改善,但是,研究组的抑郁水平和社会功能改善的程度更为明显,两者差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论综合干预联合药物治疗比单独药物治疗更能有效缓解和改善住院抑郁症患者的抑郁症状和社会功能。     

Factors related to sexual functioning in male patients undergoing hemodialysis and with kidney transplants

The sexual functioning of 13 male patients undergoing renal dialysis and 13 male patients who had received kidney transplants was compared. Standardized interviews were used to assess the frequency of intercourse before illness, during dialysis, and after transplantation and to assess sexual difficulties experienced during these periods. In addition, plethysmographic recordings of erection levels were obtained for three dialysis and three transplant patients at eight separate time periods corresponding to particular points in the dialysis cycle. Assessments of depression and anxiety (IDA scale) and renal functioning (Marital Patterns Test) were also carried out. Dialysis patients were less able to gain and maintain erections than transplant patients and intercourse was less frequent for couples where the husband was on dialysis. Dialysis patients were more depressed than transplant patients, although transplant patients showed greater levels of anxiety. More marital difficulties were experienced by patients on dialysis than patients who had received transplants. The implications of these findings for the treatment of sexual problems in these patients are discussed.     

护理干预对降低透析性低血压发生率的效果观察

目的探讨护理干预对降低透析性低血压发生率的效果。方法选择我院2012年1月至2013年12月间73例透析患者,随机分为干预组37例和对照组36例,对照组实施常规护理,干预组在常规护理基础上实施护理干预措施,比较两组的透析性低血压发生率。结果干预组低血压发生率2.55%,低于对照组低血压发生率9.63%,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论针对患者的具体情况实施个性化的护理干预措施,可有效降低透析性低血压的发生,提高患者的透析质量。     

Taking Control: The Efficacy and Durability of a Peer-Led Uncertainty Management Intervention for People Recently Diagnosed With HIV

HIV creates substantial uncertainty for people infected with the virus, which subsequently affects a host of psychosocial outcomes critical to successful management of the disease. This study assessed the efficacy and durability of a theoretically driven, one-on-one peer support intervention designed to facilitate uncertainty management and enhance psychosocial functioning for patients newly diagnosed with HIV. Using a pretest–posttest control group design, 98 participants received information and training in specific communication strategies (e.g., disclosing to friends and family, eliciting social support, talking to health care providers, using the Internet to gather information, and building social networks through AIDS service organizations). Participants in the experimental group attended six 1-hour sessions, whereas control participants received standard of care for 12 months (after which they received the intervention). Over time, participants in the intervention fared significantly better regarding (a) illness uncertainty, (b) depression, and (c) satisfaction with social support than did those in the control group. Given the utility and cost-effectiveness of this intervention and the uncertainty of a multitude of medical diagnoses and disease experiences, further work is indicated to determine how this program could be expanded to other illnesses and to address related factors, such as treatment adherence and clinical outcomes.     

间歇性腹膜透析患者不同透析剂量的长期临床疗效观察

目的 比较长期使用不同腹膜透析剂量的间歇性腹膜透析(IPD)患者之间的临床疗效,探讨适合中国人的腹膜透析剂量和模式.方法 选自某院门诊或住院行腹膜透析5年以上的IPD患者52例,根据每天透析剂量分成A、B、C3组,监测并比较3组患者的透析充分性.采用Barthel指数(BI)进行日常生活能力的评价和汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)进行抑郁程度的评分,记录患者每天的尿量和超滤量.结果 A组患者在超滤量、透析充分性方面与B、C组患者比较有所降低,而残余尿量多于B、C组,在并发症控制方面与B、C组有差异,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);C组患者在营养状况上与A组、B组比较下降,在平均动脉压、腹腔感染率上大于A、B组,在HAMD评分上也大于A、B组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);3组患者在日常生活能力(BI)方面差异无统计学意义.结论 长期行间歇性腹膜透析的患者,采用个体化的透析剂量能够在提高临床疗效以及日常生活能力和缓解抑郁程度等.     

An evaluation of a therapeutic health program for the black elderly

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of a therapeutic health program which was offered in 1988 to the black elderly living in subsidized high-rise apartments in Nashville. The pre-program data (of 1987) indicated distinct differences in that the elderly living in the high-rises had significantly more medical problems, higher levels of depression, and smaller social support networks than those living in their own single dwelling homes. The therapeutic program included various modules such as cognitive and grief therapy, reminiscence therapy, social skills and remotivation therapy. Analyses of pre-post measures of selected variables showed that the program was effective in improving the health status of the participants. As compared to a non-treatment control group, the elderly in the experimental group showed significant improvements in depression, social network, and a sense of control over their lives. A discussion of these findings is provided.     

护理管理在血透室院内感染控制中的作用

目的：探讨护理管理在血透室院内感染控制中的作用。方法：将2013年1-12月在本院血透室进行治疗的210例患者随机数字表法分为对照组和实验组,两组的患者均为105例,对照组患者给予常规护理,实验组患者在给予常规护理的基础上给予护理管理。比较两组患者的感染率和卫生指标。结果：实验组患者的感染率（0.95%）较对照组（5.71%）明显降低,比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;实验组患者使用仪器合格率、手部卫生合格率、空气质量合格率、消毒液合格率较对照组患者明显提高,比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：针对血透室院内感染采用护理管理,可以取得良好的护理效果,降低院内感染的发生,保证患者的安全。护理管理对血透室院内感染控制具有十分重要的意义,临床值得推广应用。     

Depressive symptoms among women receiving welfare.

Using data from an ongoing study of welfare recipients and their preschool-aged children, this study examined levels and correlates of self-reported depressive symptoms, and factors predicting transition off welfare assistance, among 173 low-income, single, African American mothers. Forty percent reported symptom levels that are likely to indicate a diagnosis of clinical depression, and very few had received any mental health services. Mothers who had lived as children in households that received AFDC, who had received AFDC themselves for more than five years, who perceived less social support to be available to them, and who reported more life stressors, had significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms. Controlling for these factors associated with depression, women with higher symptom levels were slightly less likely to stop receiving AFDC tor some period of time over the two years of the study, but were no less likely to work or attend school. Implications of these findings for the development of programs and services for families on welfare are discussed.     

Positive effects of art therapy on depression and self-esteem of older adults in nursing homes

Depression and self‐esteem affects the health and quality of life of older adults who live in nursing homes. This study tested the effectiveness of art therapy activities on reducing the depression and improving the self-esteem of elderly living in long‐term care institutes. This was a quasi‐experimental study. A purposive sampling strategy was used to select 55 subjects who were aged 65 and above with intact mental functions and depression tendencies and currently residing in nursing homes in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 29 subjects who participated in a selection of 12 artistic activities were assigned to the experimental group and 26 subjects who adhered to their ordinary activities were allocated to the control group. Structured questionnaires of the artistic group were used for data collection. The art therapy programs showed promising effects in improving the depression and self‐esteem of older adults living in nursing homes. Art therapy activities benefit the mental health of older adults. Incorporating artistic activities into social work care may help develop long‐term care into a more diverse, unique, and innovative direction.     

Strengthening families in Head Start: the impact of a parent education programme on the emotional well‐being of Latino families

This study explores the impact of a Head Start add‐on programme, a matrix of services for parents which provides educational and vocational supports, on maternal depression and children’s behaviour in Latino families. We hypothesise that after having completed training, parents who participated in the add‐on programme would have lower levels of reported depression than parents receiving Head Start services alone. It was also hypothesised that decreased levels of reported depression would be related to increases in children’s social skills and reductions in their behaviour problems. Fifty Latino children from a local Head Start programme and their primary caregivers participated in the study. Results indicate that intervention group mothers had significantly lower levels of reported depression when compared to mothers who received regular services. Children’s social skills appeared to increase and their behaviour problems decrease, regardless of whether their parents were involved in self‐sufficiency promoting activities in the programme.     

婚孕前健康教育干预对优生优育的影响分析

目的探讨婚孕前健康教育干预对优生优育的影响。方法将某院于2009年6月～2010年6月在该院产科门诊所进行孕产检查的妇女和预备分娩产妇80例按照入院时间先后顺序将其分为对照组和试验组,其中对照组40例给予常规护理,试验组40例联合健康教育。对所有妇女进行18～24个月的随访,对比两组妇女的干预疗效、抑郁状态量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分变化、依从性变化。结果两组间相比,试验组妇女的依从性变化、SDS和SAS评分均优于对照组(P﹤0.05),且试验组妇女护理总有效率为97.5%,高于对照组的85.0%(P﹤0.05)。结论运用常规护理联合健康教育干预婚孕,临床效果显著,能够有效地实现优生优育,并通过一系列护理措施,可显著地改善妇女的生活质量,减轻妇女的负性心理。     

The effect of an educational patient compliance program on serum phosphate levels in patients receiving hemodialysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine the effectiveness of a recently developed educational patient compliance program (A Taste for Life [1995]; Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL) on improving serum phosphate levels in patients receiving hemodialysis. DESIGN: An ABA time series design was used. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Eighty-one patients receiving hemodialysis participated. The experimental group consisted of 50 participants (mean [M] = 57.9 years of age; 92% African-American; 62% female) from a private freestanding dialysis unit (Kinston, NC). The control group consisted of 31 control participants (M = 58.2 years of age; 90% African-American; 48% female) from a separate private freestanding dialysis unit (Greenville, NC). INTERVENTION: The experimental group took part in the educational patient compliance program directed at dietary and medical regimes. The program used educational materials, interactive educational modules, motivational posters, creative games and puzzles, videos, and an in-center achievement contest. The control group did not partake in the program, but received individual ongoing monthly therapy that involved nutrition counseling consistent with the National Renal Diet (American Dietetic Association, 1993) and instruction regarding use of phosphate binders. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Serum phosphate levels were monitored monthly for 1 year (ie, 3, 3, and 6 months during pretreatment, treatment, and posttreatment, respectively). RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found in serum phosphate levels between the two groups (P >.05). There was, however, a significant difference across time within groups. Mean serum phosphate levels significantly declined during the treatment period and further during the posttreatment period relative to the pretreatment baseline (P <.05). Results were not compared with a group of patients receiving hemodialysis who received no nutrition counseling. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that an educational compliance program is equally effective as standard individual ongoing counseling in affecting serum phosphate levels among patients with end-stage renal disease who receive hemodialysis. Results suggest that renal dietitians choose types of intervention within each patient's continuity of care that support individual success.     

循证护理对脑卒中后抑郁患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨循证护理对脑卒中后抑郁（PSD）患者生活质量的影响。方法将80例PSD患者分为试验组和对照组,两组患者均接受神经内科常规治疗和护理,试验组患者在此基础上增加循证护理干预措施,在干预前和干预后25 d对患者的抑郁状态和生活质量进行评分,并进行统计学比较。结果两组患者抑郁状态和生活质量于干预后25 d比较,差异有统计学意义（t=11.82,P〈0.01;t=11.25,P〈0.01）。结论循证护理可以改善PSD患者抑郁状态,提高生活质量,促进疾病的康复。     

社会参与对中国老年人抑郁水平的影响研究

目的：了解志愿型社会参与和个人型社会参与对老年人抑郁水平的影响,并探讨社会网络、社会适应和生活满意度的中介作用,为促进老年心理健康,实现积极老龄化提供实证依据。方法：基于中国老年社会追踪调查(CLASS)2018年数据中的6 939名老年人,使用两独立样本T检验进行单因素分析,利用OLS模型进行多因素分析,通过逐步回归和广义结构方程(GESM)估计中介效应。结果：我国老年人社会参与水平较低,无论是志愿型社会参与、个人型社会参与还是两种类型均参与都会显著抑制老年人抑郁水平。个人型社会参与通过提高老年人社会网络、社会适应和生活满意度抑制其抑郁水平,志愿型社会参与通过提高社会适应水平抑制其抑郁水平。结论：社会参与会降低老年人抑郁水平,政府和社区应鼓励老年人多参与到社会公益活动和娱乐型社交活动中去,提高社会网络、社会适应能力和生活质量,从而提高其心理健康水平。