Attitudes of Students and Employees Towards the Implementation of a Totally Smoke Free University Campus Policy at King Saud University in Saudi Arabia: A Cross Sectional Baseline Study on Smoking Behavior Following the Implementation of Policy

Tobacco smoking is the preventable health issue worldwide. The harmful consequences of tobacco smoking and exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke are well documented. The aim of this study is to compares the prevalence of smoking among students, faculty and staff and examines their interest to quit. Study also determines the difference on perceptions of smoking and non-smoking students, faculty and staff with regard to implementation of a smoke-free policy. A cross-sectional survey was administered to one of the largest universities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during the academic year of 2013. A Likert scale was used on questionnaires towards attitude to smoking and smoking free policy. The Chi squared test was used to determine the difference of support on completely smoke free campus for smokers and non-smokers. Smoking rates were highest among staff members (36.8 %) followed by students (11.2 %) and faculty (6.4 %). About half of the smokers (53.7 %) within the university attempted to quit smoking. Students (OR 3.10, 95 % CI 1.00–9.60) and faculty (OR 4.06, 95 % CI 1.16–14.18) were more likely to make quit smoking than staff members. Majority of the respondents (89.6 %) were supportive of a smoking—free policy and indicated that should be strictly enforced especially into public places. Results also showed that smokers were more likely to support a smoke-free policy if there are no fines or penalties. These baseline findings will provide information among administrators in formulating and carrying out a total smoke free policy. Although the majority of people within the King Saud University demonstrate a high support for a smoke–free policy, administrators should consider difference between smokers and non-smokers attitudes when implementing such a policy.     

Employee's perceived exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, passive smoking risk beliefs and attitudes towards smoking: a case study in a university setting

Despite the growing literature on workplace smoking policies, few studies have focused on the implementation of such policies in university settings. Smoking in the workplace is still very common in many countries, including Spain. While the law is about to change and more non-smoking policies are to be implemented, it is not clear what kind of restrictions Spanish workers would find acceptable. This study investigated perceived exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), passive smoking risks beliefs and attitudes towards smoking at the University of Navarra (Spain). A questionnaire was sent by E-mail to 641 randomly selected employees and a response rate of 70.4% was obtained. The survey results suggest that 27.3% of the university employees were smokers and 26.6% were exposed to ETS on a daily basis. The majority of respondents (81.7%) supported a restrictive non-smoking policy. Acceptance among active smokers was significantly lower (59.2 versus 89.3%). Smoking prohibition with the provision of smoking areas was the most favored option (46.9%). Results suggest that employees are ready to restrict smoking in the university, but there was not enough support for a total ban. Employers considering adopting a ban on smoking should be encouraged to conduct a similar survey to identify potential barriers to policy implementation.     

Smoking and damages of reproduction: evidence of ELSPAC

The international longitudinal prospective ELSPAC study also includes women from the Czech Republic: the results sum up data from 4530 women from City of Brno and District of Znojmo who had different exposure to active and passive smoking. Anamnestic data were collected by fulfilling the internationally unified questionnaires during pregnancy and at the 2nd month after delivery. Gynaecologists, obstetricians and pediatricians, using the unified procedures, were collecting objective data in the course of the pregnancy, delivery, monitoring health status of women and newborns. Significant differences were found between smoking and non-smoking women in the prevalence of alcohol and marihuana consumers both before and during pregnancy and after delivery. In personal health history, smoking women more often reported their self-perceived poor health, panic and loss of self-control during the delivery. In the current pregnancies, smoking women suffer more often with placenta praevia, placental abnormalities, fetal growth retardation and fetal malformations. On the other hand, the prevalence of preeclampsia was decreased among smokers. The children of mothers who were moderate/heavy smokers during pregnancy, had on average by 245 g lower birth weight, 1.22 cm shorter body length and by 0.66 cm smaller head circumference than those of non-smokers. These measures were on average also decreased in the groups of newborns whose mothers were light smokers or non-smokers heavy exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. On the contrary, the average gestational age was similar both in case of active smoking, passive smoking, and non-smoking women. In spite of the fact that most of smokers would give up smoking after getting pregnant, it is necessary to place the antismoking interventions and nutrition advisory service within the routine duty of physicians.     

Smoking in hospital--a survey of staff attitudes at Westminster Hospital.

A survey of staff attitudes to smoking and facilities for smokers and non-smokers at Westminster Hospital and associated buildings revealed widespread support for firmer measures to limit and control smoking on health service premises. The survey was eventually undertaken with the agreement of staff side union representatives who had initially resisted the health authority's wish to implement a policy on smoking. In the event, the results provided support to the TUC's 1981 Resolution calling for increased smoking restrictions in workplaces as part of an overall policy to reduce smoking prevalence among working people, which has been followed up in local initiatives by unions throughout the country.     

Out of sight, out of mind: workplace smoking bans and the relocation of smoking at work

As the cultural climate toward smoking changes, restrictiveworkplace smoking policies are becoming widely accepted by bothemployers and employees. There is, however, a crucial differencebetween those policies which accommodate reserved areas forsmoking and those which do not. Smokers at work tend to preferthe former especially when the alternative is a total ban. Anevaluation of a smoking ban implemented at a Scottish Universityin October 1997 suggests that the total ban is not only unpopularwith smokers but also among non-smokers who experience unintendedconsequences of the new policy. The greatest complaint fromnon-smokers stems from the relocation of smoking to outsideand particularly around the entrances to University buildings.This relocation has increased environmental pollution for thoseentering and leaving work, presents a poor image to outsidersand visitors, creates unsightly smoking debris and heightensthe risk of fire. Furthermore, employees who smoke outside,in all weathers, have aroused the sympathies of a large numberof their non-smoking colleagues. These unintended consequenceshave prompted many non-smoking staff to favour the reinstatementof reserved smoking areas inside work. In this article we argue,however, that this is not a sensible solution and that theremay indeed be some advantage in increasing the visibility ofsmokers at work. In the short term non-smoking staff becomemore aware of the problems faced by smokers. In the longer term,this raised awareness may have implications for changing organizationalattitudes to the provision of health intervention programmesat the University. Certainly, continuing organizational-basedcessation support might demonstrate, alongside a restrictivesmoking policy, a less punitive and more caring approach tothe promotion of health-related behavioural change at work.     

The smoking situation of patients and staff in a psychiatry hospital. The smoking issue in psychiatry can be considered a neglected problem

OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to obtain information about smoking status of psychiatric patients and to determine whether there might be a demand for smoking cessation support for this group of people. In addition, the smoking status of psychiatric medical staff members, their awareness regarding smoking and related issues, and their attitude to promotion efforts to ameliorate smoking in their working place were examined. METHODS: Outpatients and inpatients with schizophrenia, mood disorders, and alcoholism in Koutokukai Sato Hospital during December 2001 and May 2002, and staff of the hospital were the subjects in this study. We surveyed smoking status in both 296 patients and 222 staff members. RESULTS: Smoking rates were 77.4% in males and 39.3% in females among patients with schizophrenia, 87.5% in males and 100% in females among patients with bipolar mood disorders, 69.6% in males and 5.4% in females among patients with depression, and 86.7% in males and 100% in females among patients with alcoholism. Among those smokers, 78.1% were nicotine dependent. However, 75.7% of these smokers were interested in smoking cessation, and 49.0% hoped for prohibition of smoking. The findings thus indicated that the demand for smoking cessation support is high in psychiatric patients. Among the staff, the smoking rate was also high, at 45.5% (males: 76.6% and females: 29.0%). As for the age at beginning of smoking, the peaks were at 18 years old and 20 years old. Smokers who smoked less than 20 cigarettes per day accounted for 80% of the total. Of the smokers, 91.1% recognized that their smoking bothered the people around them. If the working place was smoke free, however, 66.3% answered it would be difficult to adapt, and only 24% wanted to stop smoking recently. On the other hand, 29.8% of the non-smokers were bothered with smoking at the working place, and 76.0% hated smoke of cigarettes. When one wanted a smoker not to smoke, 22.7% of the non-smokers could say so. Of the staff members, 80.0% agreed with anti-smoking measures. However, it appeared that their consciousness of smoking issues was low as medical workers. CONCLUSIONS: The smoking rate of psychiatric patients and the prevalence of nicotine dependence are high. However, half of the subjects in the present study expressed a desire to quit smoking, pointing to a high demand of smoking cessation support. Psychiatric staff at the institution studied had a high smoking rate, and their recognition of smoking issues was low.     

Passive smoking: an environmental health risk

The supposed health risks of passive smoking are leading to increasingly restrictive legislation on smoking. Tobacco smoke is undoubtedly irritating to the eyes, nose and throat of non-smokers, but politicians wanted more spectacular facts. There is some evidence of fatal consequences of passive smoking, particularly increases in lung cancer and heart-disease mortality among non-smokers exposed to tobacco smoke. Most studies compare the non-smoking partners of smokers and non-smokers. The observed relative risks are too small to be ascertained reliably. The more than twentyfold increased risk of lung cancer among smokers and the presence of tobacco-related metabolites in non-smokers' body fluids lend support to the hypothesis that passive smoking causes lung cancer. The less than twofold increased risk of heart disease among smokers and the documented social-risk factors cast doubt on the validity of the increased risk of heart disease in non-smokers, associated with having a smoking partner. The precautionary principle regulates potential environmental health hazards: the suspicion and the hazard must be sufficiently serious to take legislative action. There is ample evidence of tobacco smoke's carcinogenicity and the accumulated knowledge strongly suggests that the legal threshold of an acceptable environmental health risk has been exceeded.     

Tobacco use amongst high school students in the Czech Republic

OBJECTIVE: We were interested in the prevalence of smoking amongst teen-age students, its possible causes, and their understanding of its associated health risks. METHODS: We constructed a questionnaire that was responded to by a total of 419 students from 5 high schools in Prague, Czech Republic. Students were classified as non-smokers, mild (1-10 cigarettes daily), moderate (11-20 cigarettes daily), and severe smokers (>20 cigarettes daily). The survey also contained questions about passive smoking, motivation for smoking, the understanding of its associated health risks, alcohol consumption, and drugs. RESULTS: We found that amongst 16-20 years old high school students there are 37.5% smokers (38.0% men, and 37.0% women). The majority are mild smokers (82.3%), 15.8% moderate smokers and 1.9% heavy smokers. 29.0% of non-smokers reported passive smoking; i.e. that 65.7% of students are exposed to harmful effect of tobacco smoke. The average onset of smoking is at 14 years of age. The youngest smoker started smoking at the age of 5 years. Parents of 52.0% of students smoke (69.4% of smokers and 41.6% of non-smokers). Most of students know about the risk of lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases (86-99%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of active and passive smoking among high school students is high. Parents smoking is significantly more frequent in teen-age smokers than in non-smokers. We consider the "teen-age" population together with their parents to be the key target for a successful antismoking campaign.     

Characteristics of past smokers

We studied characteristics of past smokers according to the duration of cessation of smoking based on data from a population-based survey. Lifestyle, prevalences of various symptoms and diseases and other factors were compared among current smokers (8507 males and 2012 females), past smokers (4423 males and 684 females) and non-smokers (2431 males and 12,859 females) aged 40 years and over. Compared to current smokers, past smokers consumed more bread, milk, vegetables, fruit and black tea, and less rice, pickles, instant noodles, coffee and alcohol, had lower prevalences of cough, sputum and anorexia, participated more in cancer screening tests, weighed more, included more professional and administrative workers and had more non-smoking spouses. These characteristics resembled those of non-smokers. But past smokers had high prevalences of several cardiovascular and respiratory diseases compared to current smokers. Daily intake of coffee was inversely associated and daily intakes of fruit and milk were positively associated with the duration of abstinence from smoking after adjusting for other factors in both sexes. These results suggest that lifestyle of past smokers may contribute to risk reduction for several diseases.     

浙江省台州市成年人吸烟和被动吸烟状况调查

目的了解浙江省台州市成年人群的吸烟和被动吸烟情况,为制定有针对性的控烟措施提供基础资料。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法于2010—2011年在全市9个县(市、区)抽取符合条件的成年人群作为本次研究的受试对象。分析指标包括吸烟率、开始吸烟年龄、吸烟者平均每日吸烟量、戒烟率和被动吸烟率等。结果调查对象吸烟率为23.6%,男性、女性吸烟率分别为48.0%和1.2%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=683.60,P<0.01)。开始吸烟的平均年龄为(22.9±5.5)岁,平均每天吸烟(20.4±12.8)支。不吸烟的调查对象被动吸烟率为40.2%,其中男性、女性分别为31.6%和43.2%。调查对象戒烟率为21.8%,其中男性、女性分别为21.9%和17.6%。被调查的吸烟者中有53.9%不打算戒烟。男性和女性吸烟者打算现在开始戒烟比例仅为5.4%和14.3%。分别仅有35.2%和29.5%的调查对象认为吸烟和被动吸烟对健康重度有害。结论台州市成人居民烟草暴露严重,居民吸烟率、被动吸烟率处于较高水平,戒烟率较低,烟草控制面临巨大挑战。     

Questionnaire survey and environmental measurements that led to smooth implementation of smoking control measures in workplaces

In order to promote smoking countermeasures in a manufacturing plant, we conducted a questionnaire survey about smoking control measures in workplaces. Twenty nine point five percent of the subjects responded that they were exposed to passive smoking where they worked and that the most common source of passive smoking in the workplace and rest areas was environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) leaking from smoking areas. For smoking control measures, 27.8% of employees preferred a total ban on smoking in the building while 55.2% preferred measures to prevent ETS leakage from smoking areas. Regardless of whether they were smokers or not, 99.2% of respondents believed that passive smoking countermeasures in the workplace were necessary and 88.9% of smokers responded that banning smoking in the building was unavoidable. Based on these results, a total ban on smoking in the building was implemented in those workplaces where it was feasible to do so, smoking areas in the remaining workplaces were upgraded to prevent ETS infiltration, and the effects were evaluated by real-time monitoring of the concentration of suspended particle matter. The questionnaire survey results showed that 79.9% of smokers were interested in smoking cessation, that awareness of the adverse health effects of smoking on the smoker and surrounding non-smokers and the nuisance it caused was significantly lower among smokers compared to non-smokers (p<0.01), and that 65.5% of non-smokers believed that smoking was beneficial to the mental health of smokers, despite the fact that they had no experience of smoking themselves. Reporting these results to the Safety and Health Committee was found to be useful both in ensuring thorough segregation of smoking areas and in supporting smoking cessation programs in places where no previous action had been taken because smoking was viewed as a matter of personal choice. We also believe that provision of accurate information tailored to actual smoking conditions in the workplace is useful in effectively implementing anti-smoking campaigns on the adverse effects of smoking and smoking cessation programs. The implementation of a questionnaire survey and environmental measurements that lead to countermeasures was shown to be effective in establishing designated smoking areas and educational programs for smoking cessation.     

云南五地区卫生机构吸烟的现状调查

目的：了解云南省卫生系统吸烟者有关“吸烟与健康”的PAK（知、信、行）状况,为“吸烟与健康”有关政策的制定提供科学的背景资料及决策服务,方法：采用自行设计的调查表对昆明,大理,丽江,玉溪和曲靖五个地区卫生机构吸烟人员进行吸烟的KAP调查。结果：1）总体KAP情况表明,开始吸烟年龄主要集中在15－25岁,占总调查人数的72％,83．5％吸烟者每日吸烟量低于20支,对吸烟危害健康的有关知识掌握良好,对控烟或戒烟的态度较为积极,吸烟的动因多样复杂,但在吸烟问题上形成“知”与“行”相互矛盾的心理,戒烟成功率较低（30．5％）,2）不同地区吸烟人员对吸烟卫生知识知晓或认知状况,对吸烟的态度及看法,戒烟情况和对控烟活动的态度及行为有差别,不同民族,不同文化程度KAP也不同。结论：云南省五地区卫生机构卫生人员吸烟的总体KAP与国内同类研究报道类似,但不同地区,民族和文化程度卫生人员对吸烟KAP的某些问题上存在差异,建议在医务人员中开展健康教育和健康促进。     

Smoking in adults in Sri Lanka: prevalence and attitudes

A questionnaire was administered to 1565 adults to identify the prevalence of smoking and to assess respondents' attitudes toward smoking. Of men 41% were yearly smokers, 27.8% were monthly smokers and 21% were daily smokers. The corresponding figures for women were 3.4%, 2% and 0.6% respectively. Higher prevalence rates were observed among less educated, middle-aged men who were from underprivileged families. About 23% of men and 0.9% of women were monthly alcohol users. Alcohol use seems to be positively associated with smoking. A considerable portion of both smokers and non-smokers expressed a favorable attitude towards smoking habits of adult males (40.1% of smokers and 12.8% of non-smokers) and towards the tobacco industry (25.1% of smokers and 13.1 of non-smokers). Since the majority of people in Sri Lanka are non-smokers, attitudinal support given by them in promoting smoking in the society needs to be addressed effectively in smoking control interventions.     

Smoking habits, exposure to passive smoking and attitudes to a non-smoking policy among hospital staff

A survey was carried out into the smoking habits and exposure to passive smoking among health staff in the hospitals of Faenza, Forli and Rimini (Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy). 2453 subjects answered anonymously a 41 question questionnaire. 53% of the subjects were professional nurses, 16% doctors, 15% maintenance staff, 10% ancillary staff, 1% non-medical graduates, 2% were administrators and 3% were assigned to the category ‘others’.Of the subjects answering the questionnaire 39% were smokers, 19% ex-smokers and 42% non smokers. The highest number of smokers was found among women (41%) compared to men (37%) and among ancillary staff (48%) compared to nurses (41%) and doctors (31%). The males were mostly heavy smokers (≥20 cigarettes/d) and smoked strong cigarettes (≥12 mg/cig condensate content). The females were mostly light smokers (<10 cigarettes/d) and smoked light cigarettes (1–6 mg/cig condensate content). A high percentage of subjects (87%) smoked at work especially in areas reserved for staff. 43% and 26% of shift workers and non-shift workers tended not to modify their habit when on morning or afternoon shifts. During night shifts the majority of them increased their tobacco consumption.Around 87% of hospital employees stated they were exposed to passive smoking inside the hospital especially in cooking areas, at information desks and corridors. Nurses, ancillaries and maintenance staff were those most exposed and for a greater number of hours per day compared to doctors. Almost all subjects were aware of the harm caused by passive smoking. 56% of smokers, 65% of ex-smokers and 72% of non smokers said they were willing to participate in future campaigns to limit smoking in their hospitals.     

A survey on smoking behavior in Hokkaido University School of Medicine, 2003

OBJECTIVE: A survey was carried out to assess smoking among students, and administration and teaching staff in Hokkaido University School of Medicine in 2003. METHODS: We conducted a questionnaire survey on smoking of undergraduates, graduate students, administration personnel and teaching staff in Hokkaido University School of Medicine in February 2003. The majority of question items were targeted for all subjects while some items were addressed separately to smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The survey showed that 1) the smoking rate of the study subjects is lower than that of physicians, in general; 2) dependence on cigarettes among smokers is relatively low; and 3) 80% of the ex-smokers are in the maintenance stage, while 20% are in the action stage. Furthermore, 1) there was a tendency for smokers and non-smokers to be concerned with the health effects of passive smoking than that of active smoking; 2) smokers tended to ignore the unpleasant smell of cigarettes as compared with ex-smokers and non-smokers; 3) although the three groups acknowledged the health affects of smoking, they are not proactive in the promotion of anti-smoking; and 4) everyone is generally concerned with the smell of cigarettes but tended to accept it in the school of medicine. CONCLUSIONS: It is an important issue how smokers in the interested stage can move to the anti-smoking stage, and how those in the action stage shift to the maintenance stage. We have carried out anti-smoking events and campaigns on the campus based on the results of the survey and further plan to formulate a strategy for anti-smoking on the campus. The specific activities will be undertaken and the results evaluated in future.     

Social acceptance of smoking regulations in the workplace: A study from Southern Germany

Smoking regulations in the workplace are increasingly employedto protect non-smokers against passive smoking. Nevertheless,concern about their social acceptance hinders their implementationin many instances. Social acceptance of worksite smoking regulationswas assessed in a cross-sectional study, which was conductedin 1992 among 930 employees of a Southern German telephone company.A minority of 16.5% among employees who smoked felt discriminatedagainst. Perceived discrimination of smokers was strongly associatedwith the number of cigarettes smoked per day, but not with existingsmoking regulations. Most smokers (79.2%) and non-smokers (94.9%)were in favour of some type of smoking restrictions; proportionswere even higher in workplaces where smoking restrictions werealready in effect. Among current smokers, a preference for smokingrestrictions was positively associated with a desire to stopor reduce smoking. These results suggest that smoking regulationsin the workplace can be accepted by smokers and non-smokersand are perceived as an aid to stop or reduce smoking ratherthan a discriminating measure among current smokers.     

Inequalities in health: raising awareness among health authority staff

A postal survey of all staff working for Bro Taf Health Authority (n = 237) was carried out during August and September 1998. The survey was concerned with tackling inequalities in health in terms of involvement, information needs, priorities and working patterns. The aim was to raise awareness of the Health Authority's commitment to tackling inequalities in health and to collect employees' opinions on methods of working effectively towards greater equity. The response rate was higher for senior grades (63%) than for basic grades (26%). Not all employees had access to background documents and many expressed a need for more information. There was a strong feeling that a change in working patterns would be beneficial and staff were particularly concerned that internal communications should be improved. The survey provided a good opportunity to raise awareness of health inequality issues and was beneficial in providing an opportunity for staff to express their opinions anonymously. Some suggestions have already been implemented and others are incorporated in the Health Authority's Equity Strategy.     

2010年商南县卫生系统工作人员吸烟及控烟相关知识、态度调查

[目的]了解卫生系统工作人员吸烟状况及相关知识、态度情况,为开展全面禁烟工作制定针对性干预策略提供科学依据。[方法]2010年5～6月,对商南县卫生局和县、乡、村三级医疗卫生机构的工作人员862人进行吸烟状况调查,并对其中460人进行控烟相关知识、态度情况的问卷调查。[结果]调查862人,吸烟率为20.88%,从不吸烟的占72.85%,以前吸过现在已戒的占6.27%。现在吸烟的180人中,愿意戒烟的占91.11%。吸烟率,男性为39.21%,女性为0.00%;18～30岁为10.92%,31～40岁为18.82%,41～50岁为29.67%,51～60岁为33.98%,>60岁为36.36%(P<0.01);县级人员为8.96%,乡镇人员为26.70%,村级人员为45.93%(P<0.01)。调查460人,对烟草相关知识、控烟法规以及吸烟、被动吸烟可致疾病全部知晓的282人,占61.30%,其中县级人员为70.49%,乡级人员为59.25%,乡村医生为25.68%(P<0.01);96.08%支持卫生系统率先开展全面禁烟,其中县级人员为99.02%,乡级人员为96.30%,乡村医生为83.78%(P<0.01)。[结论]商南县卫生系统工作人员总吸烟率处于一般水平,控烟相关知识知晓率相对较高,但男性吸烟率仍较高。     

吸烟与超额死亡率:一个前瞻性调查的初步报告

随访了1972~1974年调查的2923名工厂职工，根据当时记录的吸烟情况，结合至1981年底前的全部死亡情况，计算並比较不同性别吸烟组与不吸烟组的各项标准化死亡率，检验其差别的显著性。
男女吸烟组的死亡率均高于不吸烟组。差别显著。男性吸烟与恶性肿瘤有联系，尤其是肺癌，超额死亡占88%。
女性吸烟组心血管病死亡率高于不吸烟组，差别有显著意义，超额死亡占68%。男性总死亡率高于女性，差别显著。可能由于男性吸烟者比例远高于女性所致。故尤其对于男性应大力提倡不吸烟及戒烟，以促进人民健康，减少死亡。     

广东省城市居民吸烟与被动吸烟现状及控烟态度调查

目的了解城市居民吸烟状况与被动吸烟状况,了解居民对吸烟与被动吸烟危害的认知与态度状况,为开展针对性的控烟工作提供依据。方法采用随机偶遇抽样方法,在广州市、江门市、增城市医院、商场、车站等候室、政府对外办公大楼4类公共场所抽取18岁及以上人群进行面对面问卷调查,问卷采用中国控烟办公室统一设计的《成人被动吸烟调查问卷》。结果共调查城市居民599人,其中吸烟者190人,吸烟率为31．7％;男性吸烟率为56．6％,女性为3．2％;30-岁组吸烟率为最高,为42．6％;不同文化程度调查对象吸烟率的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。392名不吸烟者中,162人处于被动吸烟状况,被动吸烟率为41．3％,男性被动吸烟率为37．6％,女性为43．1％。调查对象中,家里、室内娱乐场所和室内工作场所全部禁烟的比例分别为32．2％、12．3％和40．9％。非吸烟者对吸烟危害知识的知晓率高于吸烟者,支持公共场所禁烟的比例也高于吸烟者。结论广东省城市居民吸烟和被动吸烟状况严重,居民对公共场所禁烟的支持程度较高,吸烟者对吸烟危害认识不足,应加强吸烟危害健康教育,推动各类公共场所禁烟立法。