非均阻变形分叉钉治疗股骨颈骨折155例

探讨股骨颈骨折,尤其是囊内型股骨颈骨折的治疗方法。方法设计新型股骨颈骨折内固定器材非均阻变形分叉钉（ｍａｌｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄ－ｉｍｐｅｄａｎｃｅ ｆｕｒｃａｌ ｎａｉｌ,ＭＩＦ ｎａｉｌ）简称“分叉钉”。自１９８２年２月－１９９７年１２月在两所医院用分叉钉治疗股骨有折１５５例,并与用三翼钉治疗的１３５例作比较。该两组中各各自分出开放复位内固定组和闭合复位组,共４组,计２９２例。结果２４９例获得     

闭合复位空心螺纹钉治疗股骨颈骨折

目的探讨闭合复位空心螺纹钉手术治疗股骨颈骨折的方法和疗教。方法:自2004年9月至2007年9月采用闭合复位空心螺纹钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折23例。结果:23例均获随访,时间11个月～2年6个月,平均1年8个月。无伤口感染,松动、断钉等,总优良率91.3%。讨论:闭合复位空心钉内固定作为治疗股骨颈骨折的一种方法,由于其创伤小,手术时间短,固定牢靠,恢复快等优点,临床上值得推广应用。     

闭合复位加空心钉固定治疗股骨颈骨折回顾性分析

目的：探讨股骨颈骨折采用闭合复位加空心钉固定与切开复位空心钉固定加骨瓣移植的临床效果。方法：对1996年9月－2002年1月收治的304例股骨颈骨折患者进行回顾性分析。其中随访资料完整的138例中，Garden II型49例，Ⅲ型68例，Ⅳ型21例。平均随访时间25个月。结果：138例中，17例出现股骨头坏死，坏死率为12．3％，其中采用闭合复位加空心钉固定患者81例，5例出现股骨头坏死，坏死率为6．2％，采用切开复位空心钉固定加骨瓣移植57例，12例出现股骨头坏死，坏死率为21．1％。结论：股骨颈骨折所致股骨头坏死和骨不连的发生与治疗方法的选择有关。良好的闭合复位加空心钉固定可达理想的治疗效果。股骨颈骨折在切开复位内固定的同时，不必同时采用骨瓣移植用以防止股骨头坏死或骨不连的发生，对于老年股骨颈骨折患者，如果全身健康状态好，闭合复位加空心钉固定仍然是临床可供选择的有效方法。     

闭合复位经皮空心钉固定治疗股骨颈骨折38例

采用闭合复位经皮空心钉固定治疗GardenⅠ~Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折38例,经临床观察,疗效满意。总结临床经验,探讨股骨颈骨折经皮复位空心钉固定的技巧及注意事项。     

闭合复位微创内固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的 探讨青壮年股骨颈骨折的治疗方法与疗效.方法 对58例青壮年股骨颈骨折采用闭合复位空心钉内固定治疗,其中男37例,女21例;年龄19～ 56岁,平均37.5岁.Garden分型:Ⅰ型7例,Ⅱ型19例,Ⅲ型23例,Ⅳ型9例.结果 随访0.5～7.0年,平均3.8年,50例Ⅰ期愈合,平均愈合时间为5.8个月.另有3例骨不连,5例股骨头缺血坏死,其中6例Ⅱ期行缝匠肌髂骨瓣植入,3例愈合.按Harris评定:优29例,良22例,可2例,差5例,优良率为88％.结论 闭合复位、空心钉内同定是治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折有效方法,具有创伤小、并发症少、愈合率高、功能恢复满意等特点.切开复位内固定加肌骨瓣移植可作为青壮年股骨颈骨折不愈合、股骨头缺血坏死的补救治疗措施.     

扩髓与非扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折的疗效比较

目的比较临床闭合复位下扩髓与非扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗闭合或轻度开放胫骨骨折的疗效. 方法 1998年3月～1999年12月对126例共129侧胫骨骨折采用闭合复位交锁髓内钉治疗.术前分为非扩髓组58侧;扩髓组71侧.骨折为闭合骨折或Ⅰ、Ⅱ度开放骨折.定期随访1年以上. 结果非扩髓组与扩髓组髓内钉平均直径分别为8.8 mm、9.4 mm(P<0.001);术后发生筋膜间隔综合征分别为2例、1例,其中非扩髓组有1例切开减压;无全身感染,局部感染分别为3例、2例;非扩髓组1例髓内钉断裂、4例锁钉断裂,扩髓组无断钉;平均骨折愈合时间分别为116 d、102 d(P<0.001);延迟愈合分别为2例、1例;非扩髓组有1例骨折不愈合. 结论与非扩髓组比较,扩髓交锁髓内钉具有骨折固定强度大、并发症少、骨折愈合快、延迟愈合或不愈合少等优点.     

儿童桡骨颈骨折闭合复位弹性髓内钉固定术与切开复位克氏针固定术疗效分析

目的 探讨儿童明显移位的桡骨颈骨折传统切开复位克氏针固定术与新型闭合复位弹性髓内钉固定术疗效差异与可推广性.方法 2006年7月-2007年12月共收治O'BrienⅡ、Ⅲ型桡骨颈骨折18例,采用切开复位克氏针固定术治疗6例,术后石膏固定6周,闭合复位弹性髓内钉固定术12例,术后石膏固定3周,石膏拆除后功能锻炼.平均随访12个月,观察术后肘关节功能恢复情况与并发症发生比例.结果 18例患儿骨折均愈合良好,无畸形,在随访期无桡骨头过度生长,无桡骨头骨髓早闭及骨桥形成,无关节周围异位钙化灶.根据Tibone和Stoltz临床疗效评价方法评判,结果显示在治疗儿童明显移位的桡骨颈骨折方面,闭合复位弹性髓内钉固定术较传统切开复位克氏针固定术具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少及美观性强的特点.结论 儿童明显移位的桡骨颈骨折采用闭合复位弹性髓内钉固定术具有一定优越性,值得临床推广.     

不同内固定器固定股骨颈骨折的生物力学比较研究

目的 对治疗股骨颈骨折的几种常用内固定器进行生物力学对比,为临床选择理想的内固定器提供理论依据.方法 利用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(poly methylmethacrylate,PMMA)制作人工股骨模型12个,按照人体股骨颈骨折时最常见的Pauwels 70.角用电锯锯断,造成内收型股骨颈骨折模型.将骨折标本解剖复位后,按手术操作方法用动力髋螺钉(dynamic hip screw,DHS)、3枚空心螺钉、股骨近端髓内钉(proximal femoral nail,PFN)和动态套筒式三翼钉不同置人物加以内固定.标本模拟人体单足站立位固定于Instron - 8874液压伺服力学实验测试机上,选择股骨近端15个点作为应变测试点,以10 mm/min加载速度、线性载荷0～1200 N分级加载,测定各组于1200N载荷下各点的应变值、不同载荷下头下沉位移和主压力侧8点的应变值.结果 1200N载荷下各组均在8点处出现峰值,DHS组、3枚空心螺钉组、PFN组和动态套筒式三翼钉组应变值分别为(-700±35)με、(-756±14)με、(-1362±136)με和(3024±127) με,两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).同一载荷下,动态套筒式三翼钉组股骨头下沉位移大于空心螺钉组和PFN组(P＜0.01),但小于DHS组(P＜0.01).同一载荷下,动态套筒式三翼钉组在主压力侧8点处的应变值均比其他三组的应变值大,其差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);同一固定组,随着载荷的增大,应变值也逐渐增大.结论动态套筒式三翼钉固定股骨颈骨折稳定可靠,从生物力学角度可以推广使用.     

股骨重建钉治疗股骨干合并同侧股骨颈骨折

目的评价股骨重建钉治疗股骨干合并同侧股骨颈骨折的效果,并探讨相关注意事项。方法应用该方法治疗股骨干合并同侧股骨颈骨折15例。结果 15例患者平均随访16个月,术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,骨折平均愈合时间:股骨颈骨折5个月,股骨干骨折6个月。无髓内钉及锁钉断裂、股骨头坏死、感染及脂肪栓塞,关节功能活动正常。结论采用闭合复位或有限切开复位、股骨重建钉固定治疗股骨干合并同侧股骨颈骨折,可减少对骨折端血运的破坏,减少出血,减少对患者的损伤,有利于骨折的愈合,有临床应用价值。     

闭合复位经皮微创加压空心螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的临床观察

回顾性分析采用闭合复位经皮微创空心螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折患者34例的临床资料,患者均得到随访,平均27个月（14～39个月）,髋关节功能评定按Harris评分标准：优良率88％。闭合复位经皮微创空心螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折具有手术操作简便、固定可靠、最大限度保护骨折端血运、创伤小、术后恢复快的优点,临床患者依从性好,疗效满意。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.