山东汉族人群人类白细胞抗原B＊40等位基因多态性分析

目的探讨山东汉族人群的人类白细胞抗原（HLA）-B＋40等位基因多态性。方法采用PCR—SBT对381山东汉族无偿献血者的mA-B位点做高分辨分型,直接计数法计算B}40各等位基因频率,对HLA-Bs40等位基因与其他人群的分布情况做比较。结果共检出5种HLA—B＊40基因,最常见的为HLA—B＊4001（6．43％）、B＊4006（6．17％）和B$4002（2．49％）;HLA．B$40等位基因的总体分布格局与中国北方汉族、中国南方汉族、高加索人、非裔美国人以及日本人存在明显差异。结论山东汉族人群HLA—B＊40等位基因总体分布与其他人群明显不同。     

江浙沪汉族人群稀有HLA等位基因频率分布调查及与不同人群分布比较

目的：调查江浙沪汉族人群稀有HLA等位基因频率分布，并与不同人群进行稀有等位基因分布比较。方法：采用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性寡核苷酸探针（PCR—SSOP）和聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物技术（PCR-SSP）对江浙沪3100例无关健康汉族人群标本进行HLA分型，计算HLA等位基因频率，统计基因频率低于0．020的稀有HLA等位基因。使用SPSS13．0软件对分型结果与不同人群进行卡方检验，比较稀有等位基因分布的差异。结果：本次调查未能检出A＊3601、A＊4301、A＊8001、B＊4005、B＊1401、B＊1402、B＊1503、B＊7301等稀有等位基因，检出频率最高的为B＊4801，共检出99例，基因频率1．61％。结论：不同人群间稀有HLA等位基因分布具有差异性，中国人群与黑人之间差异性尤其显著。在器官移植、血小板同型输注等临床医学实践中，丁解稀有HLA等位基因在不同人群中分布有着重要意义。     

北京HIV抗体阳性MSM中HLA—A—B—DRB1基因多态性与病毒载量相关性的初步研究

目的从基因水平了解北京艾滋病病毒（HIV）抗体阳性的男男性行为者人群（MSM）中,人类白细胞抗原（HLA）-A、-B、-DRB1位点的等位基因频率,分析其与HIV感染者自身病毒载量的关系。方法应用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物技术（PCR—SSP）,对北京32例HIV阳性MSM进行了HLA—A、-B、-DRB1等位基因分型。结果鉴定了12个HLA—A等位基因,21个HI．A—B等位基因,12个HLA—DRB1等位基因。最常见的等位基因分别为A＊02（26．56％）、B＊40（17．19％）和DRB1＊15（20．31％）。含有A＊02等位基因组者的血浆病毒载量,较不含有此等位基因组者低（P-0．002）,而含有HI,AB＊40和HLA—DRB1＊15等位基因组者的血浆病毒载量,较不含有对应等位基因组者高（HLA—B＊40：P-0．799;HLADRB1＊15：P=0．021）。结论北京HIV阳性MSM人群HLA—A、-B、-DRB1基因多态性较高。HLA—A＊02等位基因在该人群中可能与延缓AIDS疾病进程相关,而HLA—DRB1＊15等位基因可能与加速该人群AIDS疾病进程相关。     

中国北方汉族人群HLA-A、HLA-B、HLA-DR等位基因频率检测及其临床意义

目的从基因水平了解中国北方地区汉族人群人类白细胞抗原HLA—A、HLA—B、HLA—DR位点的等位基因(以下分别简称为A等位基因、B等位基因及DR等位基因)频率,获得更完整、准确的HLA群体遗传学数据。方法应用聚合酶链反应一序列特异性引物(PCR—SSP)方法对2000名北方汉族健康志愿者进行A、B、DR等位基因分型。结果鉴定了17个A等位基因,32个B等位基因,13个DRB1等位基因。最常见的基因型分别为A^ 02、B^ 13、DRB1^ 15,其相应基因频率范围分别为0．2400～0．2767、0．1330～0．1432和0．1557～0．1707。结论本结果可作为我国HLA多态性研究的群体资料和正常参考值,对群体遗传、疾病关联研究以及寻找HLA相合的异基因造血干细胞供者具有重要意义。     

巴马长寿地区HLA-A基因与长寿的相关性研究

目的 了解巴马地区壮族长寿老人HLA-A基因座位的多态性特点，探讨HLA与长寿的相关性。方法 应用聚合酶链式反应-列特异引物（PCR—SSP）对广西巴马和东兰两县259名90岁以上壮族长寿老人（90～105岁）和214名当地健康、随机抽样的壮族成年人（23—70岁）进行HLA—A座位的基因分型并进行相应等位基因频率比较。结果 在两组人群中，检出率最高的等位基因是HLA—A＊02、-A＊11和-A＊24，其频率之和均超过0．7。其中，长寿组的HLA—A＊11和-A＊26的频率分别为0．283和0．076，明显高于对照组的0．165和0．041（P分别为0．001，0．023）。其余各相应等位基因频率之间的比较无显著差异（P均〉0．05）。相关分析显示，HLA—A＊11和-A＊26与长寿呈正相关（OR分别为1．602及1．847；P分别（0．001及（0．05）。结论 HLA-A＊11和HLA—A＊26可能在巴马地区壮族人群的长寿机制中起一定作用，即是长寿的有利因子之一。     

广州脐血库3种HLA等位基因频率分布规律分析

目的：以HLA高分辨测序分型技术为平台，调查广州脐血库HLA-Cw、DPB1、DQB1等位基因的多态性及HLA等位基因分布规律，建立相应的基因遗传数据分析资料，并为临床移植提供必要的HLA分型数据。方法：采用基于测序的PCR技术（sequencing based type SBT），对广州脐血库128份脐血进行HLA-Cw、DPB1、DQB1等位基因测序分型。结果：HLA-Cw共检出20个等位基因型，其中HLA-Cw＊0102基因频率最高，达22．70％；HLA-DQB1共检出16种等位基因型，其中HLA-DQB1＊0301基因频率最高，达24．20％；HLA-DPB1共检出20种等位基因型，其中HLA-DPB1＊0501基因频率最高，达41．0％。统计分析表明Cw、DPB1、DQB1位点的基因分布符合Hardy-weinburg平衡（P=0．081，0．156和0．079，均〉0．05）。结论：统计数据显示HLA-Cw、DPB1、DQB1位点处于遗传平衡状态，具有较丰富多态性。广州脐血库HLA-Cw及HLA-DQB1等位基因分布与中国北方人群差异无统计学意义，而HLA-DPB1等位基因分布与中国北方人群差异有统计学意义。     

广西汉族妊娠期糖尿病与HLA-DQA1基因相关性研究

目的探讨广西地区汉族妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）与HIA-DQA1等位基因的相关性。方法采用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物法检测50例GDM孕妇和50例正常孕妇的HLA．DQAI基因型。结果GDM孕妇与正常孕妇相比较,HLA-DQA1＊0501基因频率明显升高,差异有显著性（P=0．006）。HLA—DQA1＊0101、0104、0201、0601等位基因频率在GDM孕妇中有增高趋势,但差异没有显著性（P均〉0．05）。GDM孕妇中HLA—DQA1＊0102、0103、0301、0302和0401基因频率有降低趋势,差异亦无著性（P均〉0．05）。结论广西地区汉族GDM与HLA—DQA1基因相关,HLA—DQA1％0501基因可能为广西地区汉族GDM的易感基因,未发现与HIA—DQA1相关的GDM保护基因。     

山东地区汉族骨髓捐献者HLA-DRB1基因分型及多态性分析

目的观察山东地区汉族人群人白细胞抗原(HLA)-DRB1基因多态性及其分布特点。方法采用聚合酶链反应—测序为基础的分型方法(PCR-SBT)对随机抽取的909例中华骨髓库山东分库内山东汉族骨髓供者血样进行HLA-DRB1基因分型和多态性分析。结果共检测出42种HLA-DRB1等位基因,其中HLA-DRB1*0901等位基因频率最高(16.28%),其次为HLA-DRB1*1501(15.13%)和HLA-DRB1*0701(14.04%),基因频率最低的是DRB1*0408、DRB1*0809、DRB1*1103、DRB1*1303、DRB1*1412、DRB1*1425、DRB1*1601,各占0.06%。山东汉族骨髓供者HLA-DRB1等位基因的分布与江苏、湖北、新疆、广东、韩国、日本和德国人群存在明显差异(P均<0.05)。结论掌握了山东地区汉族人群HLA-DRB1基因多态性及其分布特征。     

广西梧州籍汉族α-地中海贫血患者HLA-A、B等位基因多态性及单倍型分析

目的分析广西梧州籍汉族α-地中海贫血患者人类白细胞抗原（HLA）-A、B在高分辨基因分型水平上的等位基因多态性和单倍型的分布特征。方法采用聚合酶链反应-直接测序分型法（PCR-SBT）,对广西梧州籍汉族117例α-地中海贫血患者的HLA-A、B位点进行高分辨基因分型,用直接计数法计算等位基因频率,应用Arlequin V3.5软件,以最大似然法分析单倍型频率。结果在117例α-地中海贫血患者中共检出高分辨HLA-A等位基因17个,HLA-B等位基因33个。A位点等位基因频率最高的是A＊11：01（27.35%）,B位点等位基因频率最高的是B＊40：01（15.38%）和B＊46：01（14.96%）。频率最高的HLA-A-B单倍型有A＊33：03-B＊58：01（11.49%）、A＊02：07-B＊46：01（8.33%）、A＊11：01-B＊40：01（6.34%）。连锁不平衡最显著的单倍型是A＊33：03-B＊58：01、A＊02：07-B＊46：01、A＊74：02-B＊51：01、A＊02：03-B＊38：02、A＊11：02-B＊27：04。结论广西梧州籍汉族α-地中海贫血患者HLA-A、B等位基因具有较高的多态性,其双座位单倍型具有地区性遗传特征。     

云南汉族原发性高血压左室重构与HLA-DQA1等位基因的相关研究

目的探讨云南汉族原发性高血压（EH）左室重构包括左室肥厚（LVH）及左室扩大（LVD）与HLA—DQA1等位基因的相关性。方法对超声心动图诊断的云南汉族中43例高血压合并LVH患者（EH—LVH＋组）与48例高血压非LVH患者（EH—LVH-组）、对16例高血压伴左室扩大患者（EH—LVD＋组）与75例高血压不伴左室扩大患者（EH—LVD-组）分别进行病例-对照研究，采用PCR—SSP技术对其进行HLA—DQA1等位基因分型。结果（1）EH—LVH＋组中DQA1＊0302频率明显高于EH-LVH-组（18．8％vs5．8％，χ^2=6．876，P〈0．01；RR=3．73）；EH-LVH＋组中DQA1＊0201频率明显低于EH—LVH-组（5．2％vs24．4％，χ^2=13．671，P〈0．01；RR=0．17）；（2）HLA—DQA1等位基因频率在EH-LVD＋组与EH—LVD-组的比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；（3）原发性高血压伴左室肥厚的易患因素是：病程、收缩压、DQA1＊0302。结论云南汉族HIA—DQA1等位基因可能与高血压病左室重构中的心肌肥厚有关而与心腔扩大无明显相关。DQA1＊0302可能是云南汉族EH-LVH的易感基因；DQA1＊0201可能是EH—LVH的保护基因。病程长、收缩压高是原发性高血压伴左室肥厚的易患因素。     

Typing of HLA Class I by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Sequence Specific Oligonucleotide Primer (PCR-SSOP) Technique in Iranian Cord Blood Donors

Background: HLA compatibility between transplant donor and recipient is one of the major determinants of transplant outcome. Objective: To determine HLA class I by PCR- Sequence-Specific Oligonucleotide Probe (PCR-SSOP) in cord blood donors. Methods: Genomic DNA of 142 cord blood samples registered at the Cord Blood Bank of Iran at Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Research Center, was prepared and HLA class I was determined by the PCR-SSOP. Results: A total of 284 HLA-A alleles was identified of which A*02 and A*24 were the most common. Among 284 HLA-B and HLA-C alleles, B*35, B*51, Cw*4 and Cw*12 were the most frequent alleles in the studied population. Conclusion: Amplification of HLA loci with PCR-SSOP has proved to be a reliable method for HLA-A, -B and -C genotyping.     

Use of the HLA-B leader to optimize cord blood transplantation

Cord blood transplantation (CBT) can cure life-threatening blood disorders. The HLA-B leader affects the success of unrelated donor transplantation but its role in CBT is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that the HLA-B leader influences CBT outcomes in unrelated single-unit cord blood transplants performed by Eurocord/European Blood and Marrow Transplant (EBMT) centers between 1990 and 2018 with data reported to Eurocord. Among 4,822 transplants, 2,178 had one HLA-B mismatch of which 1,013 were HLAA and HLA-A and -DRB1 matched. The leader (methionine [M] or threonine [T]) was determined for each HLA-B allele in patients and units to define the genotype. Among single HLA-B-mismatched transplants, the patient/unit mismatched alleles were defined as leader-matched if they encoded the same leader, or leader-mismatched if they encoded different leaders; the leader encoded by the matched (shared) allele was determined. The risks of graft-versus-host disease, relapse, non-relapse mortality and overall mortality were estimated for various leader-defined groups using multi-variable regression models. Among the 1,013 HLA-A and -DRB1-matched transplants with one HLA-B mismatch, increasing numbers of cord blood unit M-leader alleles was associated with increased risk of relapse (hazard ratio [HR] for each increase in one Mleader allele 1.30, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.05-1.60, P=0.02). Furthermore, leader mismatching together with an M-leader of the shared HLA-B allele lowered non-relapse mortality (HR 0.44, 95% CI: 0.23-0.81; P=0.009) relative to leader matching and a shared T-leader allele. The HLA-B leader may inform relapse and non-relapse mortality risk after CBT. Future patients might benefit from the appropriate selection of units that consider the leader.     

The clinical significance of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele compatibility in patients receiving a marrow transplant from serologically HLA-A,HLA-B,and HLA-DR matched unrelated donors

To improve the clinical outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from an unrelated donor, the identification of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles responsible for immunologic events such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), engraftment failure, and graft-versus-leukemia effect is essential. Genomic typing of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, and -DQB1 was retrospectively performed in 1298 donor-patient pairs in cases where marrow was donated from serologically HLA-A, -B, and -DR compatible donors. Single disparities of the HLA-A, -B, -C, or -DRB1 allele were independent risk factors for acute GVHD, and the synergistic effect of the HLA-C allele mismatch with other HLA allele mismatches on acute GVHD was remarkable. HLA-A and/or HLA-B allele mismatch was found to be a significant factor for the occurrence of chronic GVHD. HLA class I (A, B, and/or C) allele mismatch caused a significantly higher incidence of engraftment failure than HLA match. Significant association of HLA-C allele mismatch with leukemia relapse was not observed. As the result of these events, HLA-A and/or HLA-B allele mismatch reduced overall survival remarkably in both standard-risk and high-risk leukemia cases, whereas the HLA-C mismatch or HLA-class II (DRB1 and/or DQB1) mismatch did not. Furthermore, multiple mismatch of the HLA locus was found to reduce survival in leukemia cases. Thus, the role of the HLA class I allele in unrelated bone marrow transplantation was elucidated. Notably, HLA-C alleles had a different mode from HLA-A or -B alleles for acute GVHD and survival.     

The reactivity of Bw4+ HLA-B and HLA-A alleles with KIR3DL1: implications for patient and donor suitability for haploidentical stem cell transplantations

Natural killer (NK)–cell alloreactivity can be exploited in haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). NK cells from donors whose HLA type includes Bw4, a public epitope present on a subset of HLA-B alleles, can be alloreactive toward recipients whose cells lack Bw4. Serologically detectable epitopes related to Bw4 also exist on a subset of HLA-A alleles, but the interaction of these alleles with KIR3DL1 is controversial. We therefore undertook a systematic analysis of the ability of most common HLA-B alleles and HLA-A alleles with Bw4 serologic reactivity to protect target cells from lysis by KIR3DL1-dependent NK cells. All Bw4^– HLA-B alleles failed to protect target cells from lysis. All Bw4⁺ HLA-B alleles with the exception of HLA-B*1301 and -B*1302 protected targets from lysis. HLA-A*2402 and HLA-A*3201 unequivocally protected target cells from lysis, whereas HLA-A*2501 and HLA-A*2301 provided only weak protection from lysis. KIR3DL1-dependent alloreactive NK clones were identified in donors with HLA-A*2402 but not in donors with HLA-B*1301 or -B*1302. These findings clarify the HLA types that donors and recipients need in haploidentical HSCT and other NK allotherapies in order to benefit from NK alloreactivity.     

HLA-B*27/HLA-B*07 in combination with D6S273-134 allele is associated with increased susceptibility to juvenile spondyloarthropathies

OBJECTIVE: Juvenile spondylarthropathies (jSpA) are polygenic and the clustering of disease in families is caused mainly by genetic factors. Our aim was to look for possible associations of other HLA-A and B specificities, MICA and D6S273 microsatellite polymorphisms that might play a role in determining the susceptibility to jSpA. PATIENTS AND METHODS: jSpA were diagnosed in 74 Croatian children, and 169 healthy unrelated individuals served as the control group. HLA class I (A, B) typing of all individuals was performed, and HLA-B7 and HLA-B27 positive subjects were subtyped by PCR-SSP method. MICA and D6S273 microsatellites alleles were analyzed by electrophoresis in an automated sequencer. RESULTS: We identified 26 HLA-B*07 and 31 HLA-B*27 positive patients with jSpA. DNA subtyping of HLA-B*27 specificity demonstrated only two subtypes, B*2702 (19.35%) and B*2705 (80.65%), among jSpA patients. Subtyping analysis of HLA-B*07 gene showed presence of only one subtype, B*0702. The OR for HLA-B*07 was 2.61, while the highest OR for a single HLA specificity was found for HLA-B*27 (OR=5.60). The HLA-B*07/B*27 combination found in six children showed higher risk (OR=14.82), but the combination of specificities: HLA-B*07/HLA-B*27, and D6S273-134 allele demonstrated the highest risk (OR=26.83). The association with D6S273-134 allele was not a result of the linkage disequilibrium with HLA-B*27 specificity (LD=-0.5). CONCLUSION: Our findings provide evidence that HLA-B*27/HLA-B*07 in combination with D6S273-134 allele is associated with increased susceptibility to jSpA in Croatian children.     

YMDD耐药变异与HLA等位基因多态性的相关性

目的：初步探讨慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者拉米夫定治疗中YMDD变异与HLA-A,B,DRB1各位点等位基因分布频率的相关性．方法：对142例CHB患者,采用荧光标记杂交双探针PCR融解曲线法(FH-PCR-MC)检测血浆HBV YMDD变异；对其中56例患者的外周血白细胞,采用序列特异性引物/聚合酶链式反应(PCR-SSP)技术检测人类白细胞表面抗原等位基因(HLA-A-B,DRB1)分型．结果：在用拉米夫定治疗的142例CHB患者中,YMDD变异率为56．3％．HLA-B~*58和DRB1~*03等位基因分布频率在YMDD变异组与YMDD野生组比较有显著性降低(0．013 vs 0．094,P=0．036；0．000 vs 0．063,P=0．024)；HLA-A~*30等位基因分布频率在YIDD组明显增高,与YVDD组比较差异显著(0．158 vs 0．024,P=0．034)；HLA-A~*33等位基因分布频率在YVDD变异组明显增高,与YIDD变异组比较差异显著(0．119 vs 0．000,P=0．028)．结论：YMDD耐药变异与HLA等位基因多态性有一定相关性．携有HLA-B~*58和DRB1~*03等位基因的个体感染的HBV可能不易发生YMDD变异；携有HLA-A~*30等位基因的个体感染的HBV可能易发生YIDD变异：携有HLA-A~*33等位基因的个体感染的HBV可能易发生YVDD变异．     

Analysis of HLA class I genes with restriction endonuclease fragments: implications for polymorphism of the human major histocompatibility complex.

Cellular DNA from HLA-typed individuals was digested with the restriction endonucleases HindIII, EcoRV, and EcoRI. The separated restriction endonuclease fragments were hybridized with a HLA class I cDNA probe by using the Southern transfer technique. Digestion of cellular DNA with HindIII generated 22 restriction endonuclease fragments, 11 of which showed polymorphism for presence or absence in a population sample. With EcoRV, 13 fragments were identified; 6 showed polymorphism. EcoRI generated 11 fragments, of which 1 was polymorphic. Of these 18 polymorphic fragments generated by the three restriction endonucleases, each of 5 was found to be positively associated with one allele of the HLA-A or -B allelic series (HLA-Aw24, -B8, -B15, -Bw35, and -B40). One fragment was positively associated with two HLA-A series alleles (HLA-A1 and -A11). Another fragment was positively associated with five HLA-B series alleles (HLA-B5, -B7, -B14, -Bw16, and -Bw35) and one fragment was positively associated with alleles at two loci (HLA-B14 and -Cw5). The serologically defined allele HLA-Aw24 was associated with two polymorphic fragments, one association showing a positive correlation and the other a negative correlation. Each informative family studied thus far has shown segregation of the restriction fragment with the associated serologically defined allele. The fragments associated with serologically defined alleles occurred in the population sample studied at low or moderate frequencies. The remaining polymorphic fragments occur at high frequency, suggesting that class I genes not serologically detected show less polymorphism than serologically defined class I genes.