某部甲型肝炎病毒感染调查分析

目的调查某部甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)在新兵人群中的感染状况,为预防策略提供科学依据。方法根据分散选点、整群抽样的原则,确定某部2008—2009年入伍新兵共计1 040人为调查对象。通过专人询问并填写统一的流行病学调查表,采集调查对象静脉血3～5ml,分离置于-20℃保存备用。统一采用ELISA方法检测调查对象血清中抗HAV-IgG、抗HAV-IgM。结果 1 040人受检人员抗HAV-IgM均为阴性,抗HAV-IgG阳性率68.2%,抗HAV-IgG阴性率31.8%;入伍第1年新兵402人,抗HAV-IgG阳性176人(43.8%),抗HAV-IgG阴性226人(56.2%);入伍第2年新兵638人,抗HAV-IgG阳性536人(84.0%),抗HAV-IgG阴性102人(16.0%);不同籍贯新兵抗HAV-IgG阳性率无显著差异;城市新兵抗HAV-IgG阳性率78.8%、农村新兵抗HAV-IgG阳性率45.5%。结论部队预防HAV,应将重点放在入伍第1年及农村入伍的新兵,对这部分人群有必要进行甲型肝炎疫苗接种。     

某部乙型病毒性肝炎感染现况调查

目的调查某部乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)在新兵人群中的感染状况,为预防策略提供科学依据。方法根据分散选点、整群抽样的原则,确定某部的调查对象,通过专人询问并填写统一的流行病学调查表,采集调查对象静脉血3～5 ml,分离置于-20℃保存备用,统一采用SPRIA方法检测调查对象血清中HBsAg、抗-HBs、抗-HBc,ELISA方法检测调查对象血清中HBeAg、抗-HBe。结果所有受检人员HBsAg总阳性率为0.48%,抗HBs总阳性率为61.90%;城市新兵与农村新兵HBsAg总阳性率无统计学差异(P>0.05);不同年龄段的新兵HBsAg、抗HBs、抗HBe和(或)抗HBc阳性率差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论 部队预防HBV,应同等对待不同入伍年限和兵源地的入伍新兵,有近40%的新兵抗HBs阴性,故有必要广泛对新兵进行乙肝疫苗接种。     

武警某部2014年入伍新兵慢性肾疾病流行病学调查

 目的 探讨武警某部入伍新兵中慢性肾疾病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)的患病率及相关危险因素。方法 采用随机整群抽样的方法抽取2200例入伍新兵,进行CKD及相关危险因素的检测和问卷调查。结果 在2200例的受调查者中,尿微量白蛋白异常者62例,检出率为2.82%;白蛋白尿13例,检出率为0.59%;血尿阳性者为8例,检出率为0.36%;肾功能检测均正常。入伍新兵中,CKD相关的危险因素主要为高血压、高血脂和超重、肥胖。结论 武警某部2014年入伍男性新兵CKD的检出率为3.77%,低于所在地普通人群水平(10.4%)。     

新兵人群单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型感染流行病学调查

目的：了解新兵人群单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型（HSV-2）感染情况。方法：采用血清流行病学调查方法,利用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）技术,对随机抽取某部2002、2004、2006和2008年度入伍新兵360例的超低温保存血清标本进行HSV-2IgG抗体检测,并对检测结果进行统计分析。结果：仅在2002年和2008年血清标本各检出1份HSV-2抗体阳性,阳性标本均来自于直接从学校入伍的新兵。结论：入伍新兵人群中单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型感染率极低,但也应采取加强检疫和健康教育等措施进行预防。     

574名新兵乙肝病毒携带状况调查报告

新兵入伍前,在征集地按征兵要求进行体格检查,入伍后,又进行了严格的复查。对乙肝病毒标志物(HBVM)的检测,更是入伍前后检查的必测项目。即使如此,在部队所发生的传染病中,乙型肝炎(乙肝)仍占很大比例,其原因是多方面的,而在新兵征集时将乙肝病毒携带者带入部队,入伍后发病,是一个重要原因。为了解新兵入伍时乙肝病毒(HBV)携带状况,为今后部队乙肝防治提供依据,我们对某部1994年度刚入伍新兵HBVM进行了深入检查,包括用ELISA法检测HBsAg、抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc及用PCR法检测血清HBV—DNA,现报告如下。     

某部新兵体格复查结果分析

为提高空军部队新兵兵员质量，根据征兵工作条例，在新兵到达部队45d内，对兵员进行了体格复查。现将2011年度某部新入伍的7566名新兵的体格复查结果分析如下。1对象与方法研究对象：2011年度某部新人伍的新兵7566名。方法：根据国防部《应征公民体格检查标准》，在检疫期内对新兵由所在单位医疗单位进行外科、内科、耳鼻喉科、眼科、口腔科、HBsAg、ALT等项目复检。艾滋病抗体（抗-HIV）由防疫队初筛实验室检测（试剂由北京万泰生物药业公司提供），初筛阳性送军科院艾滋病确认实验室确证。ALT以赖氏法检测（试剂由北京生化二厂提供），大于40mmol／L为异常。HBsAg以ELISA法检测（试剂由上海科华生物制品公司提供）。     

某部2001—2003年度新兵复检情况分析与思考

目的　了解近 3年来 ,某部新兵体格复查情况 ,为部队征召更好的兵源提供参考。方法　对 2 45 3名新兵实施内科、外科、五官科及实验室检查。结果　查出疾病或病症 2 5种 ,按照国防部《应征公民体格检查标准》确定不合格率 3年分别为 12 .2 5 % ,12 .13 % ,13 .3 1%。其中眼科视力视觉不合格最为突出 ,且有上升趋势。另外还有传染性疾病、性病、HIV抗体阳性等病例。结论　在征召青年入伍体检时 ,必须加强眼科的检查和相关传染性疾病的检测 ,针对新兵高中学历人数增加的现实 ,必要时应放宽视力标准 ,以吸引更多优秀青年到部队来。新兵的复检是确保向部队输送合格兵源的最后关口 ,至关重要。     

某部新兵心理健康水平调查与分析

目的：调查了解某部新兵心理健康水平。方法：采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对某部2011年度入伍新兵673例进行心理健康水平评测,并与中国新兵常模及中国军人常模比较。结果：某部新兵阳性项目数与中国新兵常模差异不显著（P〉O．05）,显著低于中国军人常模（P〈O．05）;SCL-90总分和各因子分值均显著或非常显著低于中国新兵常模和中国军人常模（P〈O．05,P〈O.01）a结论：某部新兵心理健康水平良好。     

高原某部1865名新兵抗HIV和HBsAg检测结果分析

为防止艾滋病和乙型肝炎流入部队，提高兵源身体质量。我们遵照上级要求，对某部1999—2001年入伍的新兵每年进行抗HIV和HBsAg检测，现将结果分析报告如下。     

628例新兵头颅CT检查结果分析

<正>我院应驻军某部要求,对628名刚入伍新兵进行头颅专项CT检查,现对检查的阳性结果分析报告如下。1对象和方法1.1对象2007—2009年度某部628例刚入伍新兵,均为男性,年龄18～22岁。1.2方法采用东芝16层螺旋CT扫描仪(Aquillion16),     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.