胃十二指肠—右肾劝脉旁路转流术治疗肾动脉狭窄

作者采用自体大隐静脉间置移植，作胃十二指肠动脉旁路转流术，治疗肾动脉狭窄、肾血管性高血压１例。术后随访１年，取得良好控制高血压疗效。作者认为，间置自体大隐静脉的内径不应小于０．４ｃｍ，吻合后移植大隐静段无张力。防止受压、成角、扭曲以及缩短缺血时间，是保护肾脏功能和使手术取得成功的关键。     

注射毒品所致假性股动脉瘤18例的外科治疗

目的 探讨注射毒品所致假性股动脉瘤的外科疗法。方法 对18例注射毒品所致辞假性动脉瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。13例直接采用ePTFE人工血管行旁路髂外动脉和股浅动脉端侧吻合术；3例采用自体大隐静脉间置移植术，其中１例吻合口破裂出血改用ePTFE人工血管行旁路髂外动脉和股浅端侧吻合术；2例股动脉结扎术。结果 全部病例保肢成功。血管移植术后复查彩色多普勒超声显示移植血管通畅。结论 在患者不能提供合适的自体大隐静脉移植时，人工血管移植仍是治疗假性股动脉瘤的有效方法。术中彻底清创及避免污染是预防术后人工血管并发感染的最主要措施     

冷冻保存同种移植血管的研究和应用近况

管径相当的自体血管是最佳的血管移植材料，其中以自体大隐静脉最常用，但约１／５病人的大隐静脉因种种原因不能切取，如受体血管管径较大需将数段大隐静脉剖开后螺旋形拼接才能移植，费时且可供材料有限。自体动脉移植显然非常优越，不存在排异问题，且可随身体的成长而...     

血管重建治疗注射毒品所致股动脉假性动脉瘤

目的探讨注射毒品所致股动脉假性动脉瘤的外科治疗方法。方法对14例注射毒品所致股动脉假性动脉瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。9例直接采用ePTFE人工血管行原位移植间置术;4例采用自体大隐静脉原位间置移植术;1例行单纯股深动脉结扎术。结果全部病例术后患肢供血良好,无肢体缺血表现,其中11例患者成功随访1～45个月,1例患者出院后出现伤口感染,余患者伤口均在1个月内愈合,现患肢均无缺血症状,活动自如。结论吸毒所致股动脉假性动脉瘤切除后血管重建有利于保证下肢血供,在患者不能提供合适的自体大隐静脉移植时,人工血管原位移植仍是治疗假性股动脉瘤的有效方法。术中彻底清创及术后伤口引流、加强抗炎是预防术后人工血管并发感染的最主要措施。     

自体大隐静脉原位移植术在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的应用

目的探讨自体大隐静脉原位移植术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的效果。方法对50例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者(50条肢体)行自体大隐静脉原位移植术。回顾分析患者的临床资料。结果本组2例患者于移植后第4天移植血管血栓形成,急诊置管溶栓后血栓溶解,随访3年复查彩超或CTA证实移植血管血运良好。50例患者术后均获得12～24个月随访,除4例高龄患者于术后1年后截肢外,其余患者下肢疼痛明显减轻。踝肱平均指数较术前明显升高。结论自体大隐静脉原位移植术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症效果肯定。     

假性动脉瘤手治疗的体会

本文报道了作者治疗假性动脉瘤１１例体会。讨论假性动瘤一旦明确诊断，应及手术治疗；动脉造影术对于诊断可提供可靠依据；动脉壁横形伤口行单纯动脉壁修补术；纵形伤口，少于管周径二分之一行补片移植修复术；严重挫裂伤和撕裂伤行人造血管或自体大隐静脉间置移植术；分支动脉、终末支动脉假性动脉瘤行单纯缝扎和结扎术。     

大隐静脉修复鞘管防治儿童Ⅱ区指屈肌腱粘连

目的探讨自体大隐静脉移植重建腱鞘缺损防止儿童指屈肌腱Ⅱ区损伤中术后粘连的临床效果。方法回顾总结儿童指屈肌腱Ⅱ区损伤应用显微外科手术，采用自体大隐静脉移植重建腱鞘缺损38例，修复56根肌腱及鞘管。结果经6～24个月随访，采用TAM系统法评定疗效：优45指，良6指，可5指，总优良率91．07％．术后无发生肌腱粘连。结论自体大隐静脉移植重建腱鞘缺损防治在儿童指屈肌腱Ⅱ区损伤术后肌腱粘连，手术操作简单，取材方便，效果优良，易于I临床推广应用。     

大隐静脉移植治疗四肢大动脉创伤性缺损（附8例报告）

目的 探讨大隐静脉移植治疗四肢大动脉创伤性缺损的处理及效果。方法 回顾性分析8例四肢大动脉创伤性缺损行自体大隐静脉移植修复的临床资料。结果 8例四肢大动脉缺损长度为3－5cm2例,5．1－8cm6例,均采用自体健侧大隐静脉倒置移植,术后移植血管通畅,肢体全部成活。经4个月－5年随访,8例的肢体情况均良好。结论 自体大隐静脉移植是修复肢体大动脉缺损的理想材料,具有取材容易、抗感染能力强、血管通畅率高等特点。     

自体大隐静脉移植治疗大动脉损伤

自体大隐静脉移植治疗大动脉损伤张德峰，杨胜利，钱志军自１９８７年以来，我们应用自体大隐静脉移植治疗大动脉损伤，效果满意，现报告如下。１临床资料与方法本组男１６例，女４例。损伤时间最早８小时，最长３月。锁骨下动脉损伤１例，股动脉损伤１３例，肱动脉损伤６...     

自体静脉移植重建腱鞘防止肌腱粘连

１９９０年以来，应用显微外科技术，行自体大隐静脉移植重建腱鞘手术１７例，共修复２３根肌腱、鞘管。术后配合早期功能锻炼，经１０个月～４年随访，按ＴＡＭ法评定疗效，除３根肌腱因伤口感染、移植静脉及肌腱外露，形成瘢痕愈合，疗效差外，其余患者全部达优。详细介绍了自体大隐静脉移植重建腱鞘，防止肌腱粘连的手术方法，强调无损伤操作对预防肌腱粘连的重要性     

Radial artery as conduit for distal renal artery reconstruction

Reconstruction of the renal artery with both saphenous vein and prosthetic material as bypass graft is durable in atherosclerotic disease. Extensive experience with saphenous vein grafts in pediatric patients and patients without atherosclerosis reveals a disturbing incidence of vein graft aneurysm degeneration. Distal renal artery reconstruction involving small branch vessels is generally not amenable to prosthetic reconstruction. We report a new approach to distal renal artery bypass grafting to avert these limitations. CASE: A 43-year-old man with previously normal blood pressure had malignant hypertension, which proved difficult to control despite use of a beta-blocker and an angiotensin II inhibitor. At renal angiography a fusiform aneurysm was revealed in a posterior branch of the right renal artery. The renal artery aneurysm was resected, and the left radial artery was harvested and used as a sequential aortorenal bypass graft to the two branch renal arteries. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient now has normal blood pressure with a calcium channel blocker for maintenance of the radial artery graft. Pathologic analysis revealed a pseudoaneurysm with dissection between the media and external lamella, consistent with fibromuscular dysplasia. CONCLUSION: Autologous artery is the preferred conduit for renal reconstruction in the pediatric population. On the basis of cardiac surgery experience, we used the radial artery and found it to be a technically satisfactory conduit for distal renal reconstruction in a patient without atherosclerosis.     

Late results of two hundred seventeen femoropopliteal bypasses to isolated popliteal artery segments

A 10-year-experience of 217 femoropopliteal bypasses to isolated popliteal artery segments in 207 patients is reported. Thirty-three femoropopliteal bypasses (15%) were performed with reversed saphenous vein and 184 (85%) with polytetrafluoroethylene grafts. Operative indications were gangrene in 121 (56%), nonhealing ulceration in 40 (18%), ischemic rest pain in 51 (24%), and claudication in 5 (2%) cases. The 5-year primary graft patency rate of these bypasses was 59% (reversed saphenous vein, 74%; polytetrafluoroethylene, 55%; p less than 0.05), the secondary 5-year graft patency rate was 61% (reversed saphenous vein, 79%; polytetrafluoroethylene, 56%; p less than 0.05), and the 5-year limb salvage rate was 78% (reversed saphenous vein, 78%; polytetrafluoroethylene, 78%). The 30-day operative mortality rate was 10%, and the 5-year patient survival rate was 38%. Eleven patients (5%) required lower extremity amputation because of progressive gangrene or extensive infection despite a patent bypass to an isolated popliteal artery segment. We conclude that femoropopliteal bypasses to isolated popliteal artery segments (1) have acceptable 5-year graft patency and limb salvage rates; (2) should be performed with reversed saphenous vein grafts when possible; (3) may be performed with polytetrafluoroethylene grafts if necessary, with a resulting limb salvage rate equal to that of reversed saphenous vein grafts; and (4) require sequential extension to an infrapopliteal artery in up to 20% of patients. In addition, the presence of an isolated popliteal artery segment is associated with a high operative mortality rate and limited life expectancy because of coronary artery disease.     

Effects of atrial fibrillation on coronary artery bypass graft flow.

OBJECTIVES: No detailed studies exist of coronary artery bypass graft flow during atrial fibrillation. We examined the effects on bypass graft flow of atrial fibrillation following coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: Immediately after surgical revisualization, atrial fibrillation was induced in 18 patients by high frequency atrial pacing. Hemodynamic variables were measured in sinus rhythm and atrial fibrillation. The graft flow in pedicled left internal thoracic artery grafts and in saphenous vein grafts was also measured using transit-time flowmetry. RESULTS: Left internal thoracic artery graft flow had a greater diastolic component than saphenous vein graft flow, as shown by the percent diastolic time-flow integral (86 +/- 10% in the left thoracic artery and 62 +/- 12% in the saphenous vein, P < 0.0001). The induced atrial fibrillation caused significant deterioration in hemodynamics: heart rate and central venous pressure increased, and mean arterial pressure and cardiac index decreased (all P < 0.0025). In left internal thoracic artery grafts (n = 18) and also in saphenous vein grafts (n = 20), graft flow decreased significantly with atrial fibrillation (44.3 +/- 26.2 to 26.2 +/- 20.7 ml/min in the left internal thoracic artery, P = 0.0003; 39.7 +/- 15.6 to 33.3 +/- 14.3 ml/min in the saphenous vein, P = 0.001). The reduction in graft flow due to atrial fibrillation was much larger in left internal thoracic artery grafts than in saphenous vein grafts (P = 0.0008). CONCLUSIONS: Direct measurement of coronary artery bypass graft flow shows that atrial fibrillation after surgery significantly reduces graft flow. The effect is much larger in left internal thoracic artery grafts with their strong diastolic component than in saphenous vein grafts.     

Chymase-dependent angiotensin II formation in the saphenous vein versus the internal thoracic artery

OBJECTIVES: The great saphenous vein graft is known to be less patent than the internal thoracic artery graft. Recently, we reported that chymase-dependent angiotensin II formation plays an important role in the development of intimal hyperplasia in dog grafted veins. In this study we investigated the levels of angiotensin II-forming enzymes, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and chymase in human saphenous veins and internal thoracic arteries. METHODS: The saphenous vein and internal thoracic artery specimens were obtained from coronary artery bypass grafts of patients during surgical procedures (saphenous vein, n = 16; internal thoracic artery, n = 16). Activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme and chymase were determined by using the extract from the saphenous vein or internal thoracic artery. Sections of the saphenous vein or internal thoracic artery were stained with van Gieson's elastin stain and were immunostained with anti-human chymase antibody. RESULTS: The activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme in the saphenous vein and internal thoracic artery were 0.34 +/- 0.12 and 0.32 +/- 0.17 mU/mg protein, respectively, and the difference was not significant. The chymase activity in the saphenous vein was significantly higher than that in the internal thoracic artery (saphenous vein, 10.1 +/- 0.81 mU/mg protein; internal thoracic artery, 6.21 +/- 1.86 mU/mg protein). Chymase-positive cells in the saphenous vein were located in both the media and adventitia, and those in the internal thoracic artery were located only in the adventitia. The number of chymase-positive cells in the saphenous vein was about 2.6 times that in the internal thoracic artery. CONCLUSION: The chymase activity, but not the angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, was significantly higher in the saphenous vein, suggesting that the high levels of chymase activity may be related to the poorer performance of the saphenous vein for use as a bypass conduit.     

An anatomic study for a modified technique for bypass of the external carotid artery to the proximal middle cerebral artery

We aimed to evaluate whether bypass of the external carotid artery (ECA) to the middle cerebral artery (MCA) can be established by a short saphenous vein graft in order to increase the anastomosis patency. The method was performed to ten adult cadaver sides. We described a modified technique for bypass of the ECA to the M2 segment of MCA. The diameters of the vessels and graft length were measured by using an electronic micrometer. The mean diameter of the superior, middle, and inferior trunks of the MCA with trifurcation were 1.7 +/- 0.15, 2.2 +/- 0.25, and 2.0 +/- 0.2 mm, respectively, whereas the mean diameter of the superior and inferior trunks of the MCA with bifurcation were 2.1 +/- 0.2 and 2.3 +/- 0.3 mm, respectively. The mean diameter of the ECA was 3.75 +/- 0.4 mm. The mean length of the saphenous vein graft was 71.5 +/- 3.9 mm. The high-flow ECA to proximal MCA bypass using a short venous graft can supply enough blood flow to establish cerebral revascularization with a straighter route.     

Utilizing a patent proximal vein graft stump in a case of coronary artery reoperation

A patient was referred for coronary artery bypass reoperation. The right internal mammary artery (RIMA) was anastomosed to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and a left radial artery graft (RA) was sequentially anastomosed to the posterior descending artery (PDA) and left ventricular branches (LVB) of the right coronary artery (RCA). The patent proximal stump of an occluded saphenous vein graft was used as an interposition segment to lengthen the RA graft, thereby avoiding the need for a further anastomosis on the ascending aorta.     

Biochemical composition of human internal mammary artery and saphenous vein

The long-term patency of the internal mammary artery graft is better than that of the saphenous vein graft in coronary bypass surgery because of a low incidence of atherosclerosis in the internal mammary artery. In search of a possible biochemical explanation of the low degree of atherosclerosis in the internal mammary artery we compared the chemical compositions of human internal mammary artery and saphenous vein obtained from 37 patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. The levels of esterified cholesterol and free cholesterol were higher in the internal mammary artery than in the saphenous vein (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.01, respectively), but lower than the levels reported in previous studies for coronary arteries. The amount of collagen was higher in the saphenous vein (p less than 0.001). Heparan sulfate was the major glycosaminoglycan fraction in the internal mammary artery, probably reflecting the higher cellularity and thicker media in the arterial rather than in the venous tissue. The level of dermatan sulfate was higher (p less than 0.001) in the saphenous vein than in the internal mammary artery. This difference is in a direction that could favor atherogenesis in the saphenous vein graft.     

Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome

Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is an uncommon cause of intermittent claudication in young athletic persons. A 32 years old soldier presented with 14 months history of intermittent claudication. On the basis of history, physical examination and angiographic findings a diagnosis of popliteal artery entrapment was made. Exploration revealed a fibrous band tightly compressing popliteal artery and irreversibly damaged popliteal artery. Short saphenous vein graft was used to bypass the occluded segment of popliteal artery. This led to complete resolution of symptoms and continuation of active service.     

Common femoral artery injury by blunt trauma: a case report

Blunt injury to the common femoral artery with associated extensive soft tissue damage presented significant problems in arterial reconstruction as exemplified in this case report. Arterial restoration resolved into three phases. Initially, the femoral artery was replaced with an ipsilateral saphenous vein graft; in the second phase for septic complications, an axillofemoral bypass graft was used; and in the third phase, the contralateral saphenous vein graft was placed sequentially from the common iliac to the deep femoral to the superficial femoral to the popliteal artery. The contralateral saphenous vein had been placed in an arterialized circuit for 9 months before its harvest by means of a distal arteriovenous fistula. The primary consideration was to enlarge the small vein to approximate the caliber of the external iliac and common femoral artery. Of secondary concern was the potential for delayed aneurysmal degeneration as reported incidence in much higher in younger patients. Whether in situ arterialization influences this outcome is yet to be documented. At 36 months the saphenous vein graft is palpably normal and the ankle-brachial index is 1.0.     

Saphenous vein graft to the distal vertebral artery between C-1 and C-2 using a lateral-anterior approach. Technical note.

The authors present a modified surgical procedure for extracranial vertebral artery reconstruction. The use of the proposed technique results in access to the V3 segment of the vertebral artery between the C-1 and C-2 vertebrae through the retrojugular space without requiring bone rongeuring. A saphenous vein bypass graft was placed between the common carotid artery and the V3 segment of the vertebral artery in three patients with bilateral occlusive lesions of the proximal vertebral arteries.