Two cases of Swyer-James syndrome

Two cases of Swyer-James syndrome are reported. Case 1; A 25-year-old man was admitted to our hospital to be treated for Mycobacterium avium infection. Chest X-ray film revealed hyperlucency in the right lower lung. High-resolution CT showed a low attenuation area and bronchiectasis in the right lower lobe. He had had two episodes of pneumonia in his childhood. 3D CT scan showed a narrowing of right lower pulmonary arteries. Case 2; A 65-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea on effort. Chest X-ray film revealed hyperlucency in the right lung. Chest CT scan on inspiration and expiration detected air-trapping, which is characteristic of this syndrome. In both cases, the volume of the hyper lucent lung was normal. From these clinical findings, we diagnosed these two cases as Swyer-James syndrome and in this paper described the clinical features and treatment.     

Leukocyte scintigraphy in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis

The authors investigate the place and clinical usability of the 99mTc-HM-PAO leukocyte scintigraphy (LS) in patients with acute pancreatitis. Another purpose was to establish the diagnostic value of LS to differenciate between infected and noninfected pseudocysts following acute pancreatitis. Seventy-five patients with acute pancreatitis were examined and divided into two groups. In group 1, LS was performed in 46 consecutive patients in the early phase (mean 3 days following the beginning of the symptoms, range 1-6 days) of acute pancreatitis. In group 2, LS was performed in 29 patients with pancreatic pseudocysts following acute pancreatitis. The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was based on the typical clinical symptoms, laboratory parameters, Ranson criteria, US and CT findings. In group 1, most of the cases with a severe clinical outcome (Ranson classification) gave positive LS results (13/15). Leukocyte accumulation was also detected in patients with mild acute pancreatitis (5/26), but at a lower frequency. The scintigraphic activity correlated with the leukocyte count, fever, and duration of hospitalization. In group 2, there were seven LS positive cases. A pancreatic abscess or infected pseudocyst was found in all of them during surgery. In 9 LS negative cases surgery and bacterial culturing revealed sterile pseudocyst. In conclusion, a positive LS indicated a severe course of acute pancreatitis. The method also seems useful for differentiation between infected and noninfected pancreatic pseudocysts.     

五种评分系统对重症急性胰腺炎早期预后的评估

目的 比较急性生理学和慢性健康评分(APACHEⅡ)、Ranson评分、全身性感染相关性器官功能衰竭评分(SOFA)、Balthazar CT严重指数(CTSI)和改良早期预警评分(MEWS)五种临床常用评分系统对重症急性胰腺炎患者早期预后的预测价值.方法 回顾性分析2004年1月至2010年1月收治的重症急性胰腺炎患者154例,记录所有患者入院后3d内的五种评分系统评分,按入院后生存时间又分为早期死亡组43例和早期存活组111例.比较两组入院后3d内五种评分系统的差异及对重症急性胰腺炎早期预后的预测价值.结果 早期死亡组入院后3d内每天的五种评分系统评分均高于早期存活组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或＜0.01).在预测重症急性胰腺炎早期预后中入院后第1天APACHEⅡ的准确度和价值最大[曲线下面积(AUC)为0.879],其次是MEWS(AUC为0.858),第2、3天MEWS的准确度和价值最大(AUC分别为0.900和0.942).结论 MEWS在预测重症急性胰腺炎早期预后的准确度和价值较高,值得临床推广.     

Acute pancreatitis--a protocol for diagnosis and treatment]

Acute pancreatitis remains a disease with high morbidity and mortality. Acute pancreatitis can be subdivided in acute interstitial pancreatitis and necrotising pancreatitis, largely compatible with clinically mild and severe pancreatitis. This diagnosis is made on the basis of patient history, physical examination, laboratory parameters, contrast CT scan and, occasionally, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Prognosis on admission can be established using a scoring system such as the modified Glasgow score, the Ranson score and the 'Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation'--(APACHE)-II-score. The treatment of acute pancreatitis is primarily conservative. Indications for surgical intervention are: progressive sepsis despite maximum conservative management, an established infection of (peri)pancreatic necrosis, peripancreatic abscess and perforation of stomach, small intestine or colon. The purpose of an operation is to remove necrotic tissue, achieve adequate drainage of the necrotic area or to treat a perforation. The Groningen and Utrecht University Hospitals have collaborated to develop a protocol to standardise the diagnostic approach, management, timing and choice of surgical intervention, as well as to prospectively investigate the effect of such a strategy in patients with acute pancreatitis.     

多排螺旋CT对急性胰腺炎的诊断与治疗价值

目的:探讨多排螺旋CT(MSCT)对急性胰腺炎患者的影像诊断及指导临床治疗价值。方法:回顾分析某医院2010~2011年37例经MSCT诊断为急性胰腺炎患者(均经临床证实)的影像学表现及临床病历资料。结果:急性单纯水肿性胰腺炎30例,CT表现为胰腺不同程度的体积增大,其密度稍低但较均匀,腹腔未见积液;急性出血坏死性胰腺炎7例,CT表现为胰腺明显肿大,伴胰腺周围积液、出血、坏死或钙化。结论:MSCT对急性胰腺炎的诊断和鉴别诊断、评估其严重程度、特别是对鉴别轻型和重症胰腺炎及邻近器官是否受累及指导临床治疗有重要价值。     

Fatalities in a stroke unit

During the first 4 years of the CV unit the mortality rate among 464 patients was 5.2 per cent. The records of the 24 fatalities were reviewed. In the 10 patients submitted to autopsy the clinician's opinion of the cause of death was confirmed in 6 cases. In 4 cases autopsy revealed brain abscess, pulmonary embolism, acute myocardial infarction and pneumonia, respectively. Other significant findings not registered clinically were made in 4 cases. Twenty-three patients underwent a cerebral CT scan which showed positive findings in 19 cases. In one patient a brain abscess was misinterpreted as a brain infarction and in 2 other patients with a negative CT scan, autopsy revealed a small pontine and hemispheric infarction, respectively. Apart from the misdiagnosis of the brain abscess the accuracy of the CT scan was acceptable. Extracranial complications as a cause of or contributing to death in stroke patients are common. Prevention, early detection and treatment of these complications are important. The findings underscore the importance of autopsy in the evaluation of stroke patients.     

胰性积液在急性胰腺炎中的临床意义

目的 :探讨胰性积液的发生率、变化规律及在急性胰腺炎 (AP)诊断和治疗中的意义。方法 :采用回顾性调查方法收集 1995～ 1999年连续收治AP患者的资料。胰性积液的诊断、分级、随访根据B超或CT检查结果予以确认。胰性积液分为A级、B级、C级和D级。结果 :轻型AP伴胰性积液占 7 8% ,重症AP伴胰性积液占 10 0 % (P<0 .0 1)。轻型AP伴胰性积液以B级为主 ,病程 2周吸收率占 84 8%。而重症AP伴胰性积液以D级为主 ,病程 2周吸收率仅 35 7% (P <0 .0 1) ,死亡 11例 ,16例发展为假性胰腺囊肿。结论 :胰性腹水既是AP的独立危险因素 ,又是诊断重症AP的重要指标。     

急性胰腺炎患者C反应蛋白、血糖变化及螺旋CT检查的临床意义

目的 探讨C反应蛋白、血糖测定及螺旋CT检查在预测急性胰腺炎严重程度及预后中的意义.方法 采集86例在某院消化内科住院的急性胰腺炎患者入院后d1、d3、d5、d7清晨空腹静脉血,检测C反应蛋白、血糖.患者均行腹部CT检查.根据结果分轻症急性胰腺炎组(MAP组)62例、重症急性胰腺炎组(SAP组)24例及胰腺无坏死组64例、胰腺坏死组22例进行比较.结果 SAP组与MAP组的C反应蛋白、血糖水平明显升高,且血清C反应蛋白、血糖2项指标水平在SAP组中显著高于MAP组(P＜0.05).血清C反应蛋白、血糖2项指标水平在胰腺坏死组中显著高于胰腺无坏死组(P＜0.05).结论 急性炎症反应期C反应蛋白结合血糖的测定、螺旋CT检查在急性胰腺炎严重程度及预后评估方面有重要意义,并能指导临床治疗.     

Changes in plasma levels of acute phase proteins in pancreatitis

The objective of our study was to determine whether the changes in the plasma levels of C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, transferrin, and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) in acute pancreatitis patients examined on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 14 after their admission to hospital can be used to assess the course and determine the severity of the disease, and to discriminate edematous from necrotizing pancreatitis. The study included 18 patients with mild pancreatitis and 20 patients with severe pancreatitis. Pancreatitis was classified as mild or severe according to Ranson and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores. Acute phase proteins were determined using the immunoturbidometric assay. The C-reactive protein in the mild pancreatitis patients was six-fold higher at admission, then gradually increased for 5 days and started to drop. In the severe clinical forms of pancreatitis the C-reactive protein had significantly high values throughout the whole time of study retaining this high level to day 14; these elevated levels correlated with the persistent severe general state of the patients and the extent of necrosis in the pancreas. The changes in the haptoglobin and transferrin levels were not significant. Orosomucoid level in mild pancreatitis cases remained constant whereas it was elevated and continuously above the reference values in severe pancreatitis. In conclusion: C-reactive protein level changes significantly in patients with acute pancreatitis; it is in the range of 100-120 mg/l in the mild forms of the disease and between 120 and 360 mg/l in the severe pancreatitis. This renders it a valuable indicator for the discrimination of edematous from necrotizing acute pancreatitis.     

Fatal asthma in childhod preventable by recognizing risk factors and presenting features

A 6-year-old child known with asthma died from an asthma attack after having had severe dyspnoea which lasted for 1 day. She had been having an average of 40 salbutamol 'puffs' each day for 1 month. For the preceding 8 months she had been having just over half this number as well as fluticasone. A 13-year-old girl died of an asthma attack. Three weeks previously she had been dyspnoeic and had taken salbutamol and prednisone as well as amoxicillin at a later stage. Each year between 8 and 10 children die of an acute exacerbation of asthma in the Netherlands. There are 2 different types of acute fatal asthma: a slow type (I) and a rapidly progressing type (II). In type I there is progressive obstruction of the airways due to oedema, mucous and spasm. Type II predominantly consists of bronchoconstriction. The main risk factors are previous hospital admission with asthma and inadequate maintenance medication. Effective maintenance therapywith the correct dosage ofinhalational corticosteroids administered correctly can probably stop the potentially fatal asthma type II from developing.     

Pyogenic Liver Abscess Presenting as an Initial Manifestation of Underlying Hepatocellular Cancer: A Case Report in Ethiopia

BackgroundAn adult patient presented with right abdominal pain and fever to a primary care physician and abdominal ultrasound was performed. With an initial diagnosis of a liver abscess, he was discharged from the hospital after treatment with antibiotics and drainage of the collection. However, the patient had persistent clinical findings on the same site which was later confirmed as Hepatocellular cancer.Case PresentationA 40 years old male patient who was known to have Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension for 10 years on oral medications referred to the Gastroenterology/Hepatology unit with right upper quadrant pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting of ingested matter, and significant weight loss. On further inquiry, he had been admitted six months back for similar complaints and was managed with antibiotics and drainage of an abscess collection.The multi-phasic abdominal CT scan and raised alphafetoprotein confirmed Hepatocellular Cancer which initially has presented as a pyogenic liver abscess.ConclusionHepatocellular cancer should be suspected and early diagnosis should be made in individuals presenting with a liver abscess and having risk factors for liver cancer.     

左旋门冬酰胺酶诱发儿童急性胰腺炎临床分析

目的：分析左旋门冬酰胺酶（L-ASP）诱发儿童急性胰腺炎的临床特点,以降低L-ASP后急性胰腺炎发病率,提高临床预后。方法：对本院应用L-ASP后7例急性胰腺炎的诱因、临床表现、实验室检查、及治疗结果进行总结分析。结果：351例次应用L-ASP化疗的患儿中,发生急性胰腺炎7例,发生率2%,其中重症胰腺炎6例,发病前有暴饮暴食者3例,临床表现中腹痛6例、腹胀5例、发热6例、休克5例,所有病例均有血淀粉酶及脂肪酶增高,胰腺彩超均异常。7例胰腺炎中存活3例,中位年龄11岁（7~14岁）,死亡4例,中位年龄4岁（2.6~6岁）,均死于休克。结论：暴饮暴食、年龄＆gt;7岁为胰腺炎发生的重要危险因素,儿童急性胰腺炎症状不典型,重症胰腺炎死亡率高,早期诊断是提高预后的关键。     

急性胰腺炎62例诊治分析

目的:探讨急性胰腺炎临床诊治方法.方法:回顾分析诊治62例急性胰腺炎.结果:并发切口感染3例;切口裂开1例;肺部感染2例;腹腔脓肿2例;多器官功能不全综合征2例;治愈61例,死亡1例.结论:急性胰腺炎采用综合性治疗,水肿型非手术治疗为主,胆源性早期手术治疗为主.重症急性胰腺炎采用积极非手术治疗,症状无改善可早期手术,减少并发症,降低病死率.     

某家医院儿童CT扫描剂量水平分析

目的 分析某家医院2021年儿童CT扫描剂量水平并提出优化扫描建议.方法 选取某市某家医院儿童CT扫描资料,分析不同年龄组、不同扫描部位的典型剂量值、典型扫描参数的差异.结果 各年龄组中头颅平扫、上颌窦及胸部平扫样本量大于10,其中1岁组和5岁组头颅平扫、上颌窦两部位的kV、mA及CTDIvol值相同,胸部扫描的参数值...     

重症急性胰腺炎腹腔灌洗的护理

回顾性分析急性重症胰腺炎（SAP）病例7例，经腹腔灌洗后有5例痊愈出院，1例好转，1例死亡。在护理中，心理疏导，固定引流管，无菌操作，观察灌洗情况，是腹腔灌洗治疗重症急性胰腺炎重要的护理措施．并使护理技术交织相融，提高了专科护士的综合业务素质。     

早期肠内营养对急性重症胰腺炎炎症介质及营养指标的影响简

目的：探讨早期肠内营养对急性重症胰腺炎患者炎症介质、营养指标及临床恢复的影响。方法2006年1月至2010年3月收治的急性重症胰腺炎患者患者59例,随机分成早期肠内营养组31例,肠外营养组28例,观察上述两组治疗后1、3、7天血清中TNF-α、IL-1β、前白蛋白、清蛋白的水平;外周血淋巴细胞数;并观察两组血清淀粉酶恢复时间,全身炎性反应综合征（ Systemic infammactery response syndrome ,SIRS）、腹腔脓肿及肝功能异常例数,治疗费用等指标的差异。结果早期肠内营养组治疗后3、7天血清TN F-α、IL-1β浓度明显低于肠外营养组（ P＜0．05）,前白蛋白、清蛋白的水平、外周血淋巴细胞数明显高于肠外营养组（P＜0．05）,治疗费用低于肠外营养组（P＜0．05）,两组血清淀粉酶恢复时间,SIRS、腹腔脓肿及肝功能异常例数无明显差异（P＞0．05）。结论早期肠内营养在改善急性重症胰腺炎患者营养状态方面明显优于肠外营养,有利于提高机体的抗感染能力和各系统机能的恢复,是可靠、安全、经济的营养支持手段。     

Diagnostic image (76). A woman with acute pancreatitis

A 59-year-old woman had severe acute pancreatitis and Grey Turner's sign of bluish discoloration of the flanks with local infiltration at CT.     

阑尾炎性疾病的多排CT诊断

目的探讨阑尾炎性疾病（包括急性阑尾炎、慢性阑尾炎及阑尾周围脓肿）的MSCT表现,提高CT对本病的诊断准确率。方法回顾性分析笔者所在医院2009年10月～2011年5月经手术和病理证实的81例阑尾炎性疾病的MSCT表现特点。结果81例患者中,单纯急性阑尾炎35例,单纯慢性阑尾炎20例,合并阑尾周围脓肿26例。急性者主要表现为阑尾增粗肿大,壁增厚,边缘模糊,密度增高,有时可见结石;慢性者可见阑尾外形不规则,及粘连征象;合并脓肿形成者有中重度的周围炎性改变,可见脓肿及脓腔。结论MSCT检查对阑尾炎性疾病的诊断具有重要辅助价值,尤其是冠状位重建,可以在术前了解阑尾位置,病变周围情况,并为临床术前准备提供了帮助。     

钦州市214例急性胰腺炎临床流行病学特征调查分析

目的探讨钦州市急性胰腺炎的临床特点以及发病规律。方法收集钦州市妇女儿童医院和第一人民医院2005年-2009年收治的214例急性胰腺炎患者的临床资料并进行统计分析。结果214例患者中男女之比为1．35：1;胆源性胰腺炎占49．07％,其余依次为特发性胰腺炎、酗酒及暴饮暴食性胰腺炎;职业以农民及城镇居为主;临床症状以上腹部疼痛为主,伴有腰背部放射痛,多数伴有恶心、呕吐等消化道症状;动态增强CT扫描是明确诊断、严重度分级及发现并发症的准确影像学方法。非手术治疗187例,死亡4例;手术治疗27例,无死亡。结论急性胰腺炎发病因素多而复杂,胆道疾病仍为主要病因。影像学检查有助于早期诊断及严重度分级,根据病情的变化选择适宜治疗方法,均能取得理想的治疗效果。