土鳖虫提取液对家兔抗凝血作用的实验研究

目的 观察土鳖虫提取液对家兔抗凝血作用的影响。方法 (1)体内实验给家兔灌胃土鳖虫提取液5d后，测定白陶土部分凝血酶时间(KPTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)；(2)体外实验体外测定土鳖虫提取液对家兔血浆KPTT、PT、TT及抗凝血酶Ⅲ(AT—Ⅲ)的影响。结果 土鳖虫提取液在家兔体内、外均能使血浆KFTT、PT及TT延长，其作用随土鳖虫提取液浓度的增加而增强，抗凝活性不依赖于AT—Ⅲ。结论 土鳖虫提取液具有明显的抗凝作用，可能是对凝血酶发挥的直接作用。     

肽6A对家兔动脉的血管再通作用

在部分结扎家兔腹主动脉和电刺激造成的血栓模型上,经动脉注射肽6 A(10 μinol/kg体重),发现肚6A可明显缩小血栓,并部分恢复腹主动脉血流量和股动脉血压。本实验还观察到,血栓部位动脉管壁血管紧张素Ⅱ(AGTII)含量较非血栓部位增加91％,而肽6A治疗明显抑制该部位AGTII含量的增加。结果表明,肽6A是有效的血管再通剂,其作用机理之一可能是抑制 AGTII的合成。     

全蝎提取液对血液凝固的影响

目的：研究全蝎提取液对血液凝固的影响,方法：采用全蝎提取液给家兔,小鼠静脉注射,并测定其血小板最大聚集率,血栓重量,纤维蛋白原含量及优球蛋白溶解时间的变化。结果：全蝎提取液对血小板最大聚集率有明显抑制作用（P＜0．01）,使血栓重量明显减轻（P＜0．01）,纤维蛋白原含量和优球蛋白溶解时间明显减少（P＜0．01）,结论：全蝎提取液可通过促进纤溶,抑制血小板聚集而抑制血栓形成。     

竹荪提取液对砷中毒小鼠肝脏的保护作用

目的:探讨竹荪提取液有无对抗As_2O_3引起小鼠肝脏损害的作用。方法:通过As_2O_3建立砷中毒模型,研究了竹荪提取液对小鼠肝脏脂质过氧化(LPO)水平及一氧化氮(NO)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)的影响。结果:在亚急性动物实验中,砷中毒模型组与对照组相比,其总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力、巯基(-SH)、NO含量明显降低;而GST活性、MDA含量明显增高,差异有显著性(P<0.05或P<0.01);砷加竹荪(5,10 g)组与砷中毒模型相比,其总抗氧化能力及SOD、GSH-Px活力和-SH、NO含量增高,GST活性、MDA含量显著下降,差异有显著性(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:竹荪提取液可能具有诱导体内抗氧化系统活性增强的作用,对As_2O_3所致的肝脏损害具有一定的保护作用。     

氯化铝对大鼠骨代谢的毒性作用探讨

本实验在经口增加SD大鼠体内铝负荷后,动态观察了体重、全血及骨铝含量的变化,血清和骨组织提取液的碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性及钙、磷含量的变化。结果发现铝可经消化道吸收、使大鼠生长发育明显延缓(P<0.05～P<0.01),使血液和骨组织内铝含量明显增加(P<0.05～P<0.01),引起血清和骨组织钙、磷含量显著下降(P<0.05～P<0.01),但对AKP活性抑制不明显。提示铝对大鼠骨代谢具有毒性作用,铝可能通过干扰钙、磷代谢而影响骨生长。     

家兔自体移植段颈总动脉前列环素和cAMP含量的研究

对家兔颈总动脉进行自体原位移植,观察移植2周后前列环素(PGI_2)和 cAMP 含量,结果自体移植段动脉 PGI_2含量为50.105±26.131pg/mg(±s),比完整段动脉的21.684±12.875pg/mg 明显增加(P<0.05);移植段动脉 cAMP 含量为2.080±1.535pmol/mg,比完整段0.172±0.099pmol/mg 也有明显增加(P<0.05)。这提示移植段动脉 PGI_2含量的增加有抗动脉粥样硬化(动粥)的作用,并对其机理以及与 cAMP 相互关系作了讨论。     

克塞灵单次给药对家兔降纤及溶栓作用

目的:观察克塞灵(Cath)单次ⅳ给药对家免血浆纤维蛋白原含量的影响及溶栓作用。方法:单次家兔ⅳCath后,分别于24、48、72h从家免心脏取血测定血浆纤维蛋白原含量;Cath的溶栓作用观察,首先制备血栓并称重,将制备好的血栓植入同一麻醉家兔动脉—静脉(A—V)、动脉—动脉(A—A)半体外人造血液循环通路中。结果:Cath0.25 u·kg~124h、Cath0.5 u·kg~124、48h可显著降低血浆纤维蛋白原含量(P<0.05)。Cath0.25、0.5 u·kg~1单次给药可使血栓重量减轻,同对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),0.25、0.5 u·kg~1组间溶栓作用比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),同一家免A-V、A-A之间溶栓作用比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:Cath0.25、0.5 u·kg~1单次给药可降低家兔血浆纤维蛋白原含量并有溶栓作用。     

复方花刺参黏多糖对血管损伤后再狭窄家兔血管内膜增殖与凋亡的影响

目的探讨复方花刺参黏多糖对家兔髂动脉腔内血管成形术(TA)后内皮功能及内膜增殖与凋亡的影响。方法 50只新西兰纯种家兔随机分为4组:花刺参组、辛伐他汀组、模型组和正常对照组。各组动物于TA后4周空腹颈动脉同步采血行MDA、ET、NO含量及vWF、SOD活性测定,并全部处死动物行病理形态学检查、原位杂交染色观测血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)、成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、转化生长因子-β_1(TGF-β_1)mRNA在髂动脉中的表达及末端标记法检测凋亡细胞。结果 (1)TA后4周,模型组血浆中MDA、ET含量及vWF活性明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01),而血清NO含量及SOD活性则显著低于正常对照组(P<0.01);辛伐他汀组MDA、ET含量及vWF活性均明显低于模型组(P<0.01),NO含量及SOD活性则显著高于模型组(P<0.01)。(2)模型组内膜厚度明显高于花刺参组和辛伐他汀组(P<0.01);模型组管腔狭窄度明显高于花刺参组和辛伐他汀组(P<0.01)。(3)正常对照组PDGF仅内膜微量表达;模型组内膜强烈表达,中膜中度表达,较正常对照组明显增多(P<0.01);花刺参组及辛伐他汀组PDGF表达局限于内膜,伴或不伴中膜轻微表达,与模型组比较明显减少(P<0.05)。模型组内膜及中膜TGF-β_1强烈表达,比正常组明显增多(P<0.01);花刺参组及辛伐他汀组TGF-β_1表达比模型组明显减少(P<0.05)。(4)免疫组化显示花刺参组、辛伐他汀组和模型组较正常对照组平滑肌细胞凋亡率明显增加,模型组较花刺参组和辛伐他汀组平滑肌细胞凋亡更加显著(P<0.05)。结论复方花刺参黏多糖具有抑制家兔血管成形术后内膜增殖和保护内皮功能的作用。     

大黄虫丸对家兔动脉血栓形成模型的影响

目的:观察大黄虫丸对家兔动脉血栓形成模型的作用。方法:家兔65只随机分为正常组、改良挂线模型组、阿司匹林组、氯吡格雷组、阿司匹林加氯吡格雷组、大黄虫丸低剂量组、大黄虫丸高剂量组共7组,灌胃相应的药液8 d,于末次灌胃2 h后处死家兔,取动脉血管。光学显微镜下观察各组家兔颈动脉血管组织?plusmn;硌榭觥２捎妹噶庖呶绞匝椋╡nzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)法检测血浆中1,6-二磷酸果糖二钠盐(D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate trisodium salt octahydrate, FDP)、D-二聚体（D-dimer)、组织因子（tissue factor, TF)等含量的变化。结果:改良挂线模型组血管内充满血栓,血管内弹力膜损伤严重;大黄虫丸低剂量组管腔内丝线周围有血栓形成,但有部分软化、溶解、吸收;大黄虫丸高剂量组管腔内血栓较少,大部分已被吸收,血管内膜清晰完好。大黄虫丸低剂量组与改良挂线模型组比较,血栓干湿重及D-Dimer和FDP含量均有明显差异（P<0.01)。大黄虫丸低剂量组与阿司匹林组比较,除血栓湿重外（P<0.01),血栓干重及D-Dimer和FDP含量均无统计学差异（P>0.05)。大黄虫丸低剂量组与氯吡格雷组比较,除FDP含量（P<0.05)外,血栓干湿重和D-Dimer均无明显差异（P>0.05)。大黄虫丸低剂量组与阿司匹林加氯吡格雷组比较,血栓干湿重及D-Dimer和FDP含量均有明显差异（P<0.01或P<0.05)。大黄虫丸高剂量组分别与改良挂线模型组、大黄虫丸低剂量组、阿司匹林组比较,血栓干湿重及D-Dimer和FDP含量均有明显差异（P<0.01或P<0.05)。大黄虫丸高剂量组与氯吡格雷组比较,除D-Dimer外（P>0.05),血栓干湿重及FDP含量均有明显差异（P<0.01或P<0.05);与阿司匹林加氯吡格雷组比较,血栓干湿重及D-Dimer和FDP含量均无明显差异（P>0.05)。结论:大黄虫丸能降低血浆TF和D-Dimer及FDP的含量,抗动脉血栓形成,维持血管内膜的稳定,其疗效与剂量成正比,大黄虫丸是理想的抗血栓药物。     

六种海洋生物提取液对凝血与纤溶系统的影响

对6种海洋生物提取液分别进行了对家兔凝血及纤溶系统影响的体内和体外试验。结果表明:鲍鱼1号,鲍鱼2号、海龟甲及海蒿子提取液对家兔(体内、外)有非常显著的抗凝作用。海龟甲、鲍鱼1号对增强家兔纤维蛋白溶解活性有非常显著的作用,石决明和牡蛎提取液对家兔凝血和纤溶系统均无明显影响。这对“活血化瘀”药物的研究提供了实验依据,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.