人际知觉研究进展

随着现代生活节奏加快,生产效率提高,人与人之间的互动越来越讲究高效和迅速。如何能在快速地人际交往中获取更加准确的信息并做出正确的判断和反应,也成了衡量一个人社会交往能力的重要指标,这个指标就是人际知觉能力。人际知觉准确性在不同的性别、职业之间也有着显著的差异,大量关于人际方面的研究关注人际偏差、人际关系,较少关注人际知觉这一概念的测量。基于此,本文论述了人际知觉的概念及其测量方式以及影响人际知觉的几种疾病,以期帮助广大的临床工作者在测定人际知觉上有更清晰的思路,重视人际知觉对社会功能的影响。     

影响大学生网络人际吸引的因素

目的:探索影响网络人际吸引的积极和消极因素。方法:应用自编问卷,要求大学生评定影响网络人际的因素的重要程度。结果:①好的人格品质、幽默风趣和相似性是最为影响网络人际的积极因素;②理想网友最应具有的人格品质是随和性,其次是责任性;③缺乏共同话题、人格知觉结果不一致及信息不真实是最为影响网络人际的消极因素。结论:网络人际主要受到对方内在人格、修养等因素的影响。不一致或虚假行为最易导致人际终止。     

中医院校新生亲子互动、人际安全感与损耗敏感性的关系

目的:探讨损耗敏感性在亲子互动与中医院校新生人际安全感的中介作用.方法:采用大学生亲子互动问卷、损耗敏感性量表、大学生人际安全感问卷对560名中医院校新生进行测量.结果:亲子互动与损耗敏感性、亲子互动与人际安全感呈显著负相关(-0.32＜r＜-0.13,P＜0.01)、损耗敏感性和人际安全感呈显著正相关(r =0.39...     

人际敏感性对大学生自杀意念的影响：孤独感的中介作用与自然联结的调节作用

目的：考察人际敏感性对大学生自杀意念的影响和作用机制，探讨孤独感的中介作用以及自然联结的调节作用。方法：采用人际敏感性量表、短式孤独感量表、自杀行为筛查问卷中的自杀意念筛查条目、自我包含自然量表对1411名大学生进行测量。结果：（1）人际敏感性、孤独感和自杀意念两两显著正相关，自然联结与人际敏感性、孤独感、自杀意念显著负相关。（2）孤独感在人际敏感性和大学生自杀意念的关系中起部分中介作用，自然联结在孤独感对自杀意念的影响路径中发挥调节作用。结论：人际敏感性不仅直接影响大学生的自杀意念还通过孤独感间接影响大学生的自杀意念。高水平的自然联结可以削弱孤独感对自杀意念的影响。     

网络即时聊天情境中早期人际知觉与选择特性

目的:探索大学生网络即时聊天情境中早期人际知觉与选择特性。方法:用自编调查问卷,要求志愿参加测评的某师范类362名使用网络即时聊天工具的大学生,在5点量表上评定网络信息对其人际知觉和选择的影响程度。结果:①年龄、网名及个人说明最为影响早期人际选择,其影响程度[分别为(4.39±1.94),(3.71±1.92),(3.67±1.97)]高于影响力最低的血型、级别和业务[分别为(1.23±0.80),(1.40±0.95),(1.41±0.89),均P0.01];②大学生普遍对自己及他人信息的真实性有较高的评估,在所有项目上自我表征真实率达到78.2%～97.2%,对他人信息真实度评价范围为2.05～2.91;③礼貌差、言语激烈怪异和聊天内容无聊最为影响人际选择,其影响程度[分别为(1.33±0.72),(1.41±0.71),(1.50±0.80)]强于影响力最弱的无见面机会、打字速度慢和聊天主动性差[分别为(4.47±0.94),(3.13±1.12),(2.32±1.05),均P0.01]。结论:网络即时聊天情境中早期人际知觉与选择性是基于使用者对各类信息的选择、认可及推测的,它对未来网络人际的发展具有一定影响。     

大学生自尊、拒绝敏感性、人际信任与社会焦虑的关系

目的:了解自尊、拒绝敏感性、人际信任和社会焦虑的关系。方法:采用Rosenberg自尊问卷、拒绝敏感性问卷、信任问卷和交往焦虑问卷测量了411名大学生。结果:自尊与人际信任呈正相关(r=0.147,P=0.003),与拒绝敏感性(r=-0.238,P<0.001)和社会焦虑(r=-0.170,P<0.001)呈负相关;人际信任与拒绝敏感性(r=-0.206,P<0.001)和社会焦虑呈负相关(r=-0.224,P<0.001);拒绝敏感性与社会焦虑呈正相关(r=0.223,P<0.001)。分层回归分析表明,当拒绝敏感性进入回归方程时,自尊对人际信任的预测效应从0.147降为0.104,自尊对社会焦虑的预测效应从-0.170降为-0.124。结论:自尊以拒绝敏感性为部分中介影响着人际信任和社会焦虑。     

不同权力者人际敏感性的差异

目的:探讨两种实验条件下不同权力者的人际敏感性差异.方法:实验一采用3(角色扮演启动权力:高权力组/低权力组/控制组)x2(性别:男/女)被试间实验设计对206名大学生进行人际敏感性测验.实验二对某企业91名高、低权力员工进行人际敏感性测验.结果:实验一:角色扮演的主效应显著,高权力组人际敏感性得分显著高于低权力组;性别的主效应、角色扮演和性别的交互效应均不显著.实验二:权力的主效应显著,高权力组人际敏感性得分显著高于低权力组得分;权力和个人权力感的交互作用接近显著,简单主效应显示,高个人权力感的高权力者人际敏感性显著高于高个人权力感的低权力者.结论:在角色扮演任务和实际工作情境中高权力者比低权力者更具有人际敏感性.     

大学生完美主义与人际信任的关系

目的探讨大学生完美主义与人际信任的关系。方法采用大学生完美主义问卷、人际信任量表对293名本科生进行测量。结果大学生完美主义高分组在人际信任总分上显著低于完美主义低分组(t=-3.053,P0.01)。大学生完美主义总分与人际信任总分间呈显著负相关(r=-0.183,P0.01);完美主义担心出错(r=-0.257,P0.001)、父母要求(r=-0.215,P0.001)与人际信任总分之间呈显著负相关;完美主义中的担心出错和条理性2个维度对人际信任总分具有显著的预测作用。结论大学生完美主义与人际信任有关,对人际信任有一定程度的影响。     

大学生人际冲突概述

人际冲突是大学生社会化过程中的一种现象,本文对国内外学者在人际冲突的概念、起因、过程、来源及产生的心理影响方面进行的研究做出了简要概述.     

大学生自卑心理与其人际信任度的相关性分析

本文的研究目的是通过考察大学生自卑心理与其人际信任度的联系,探究当代大学生自卑心理与人际信任度的相关性。所采用的方法是对大一到大四不同年级的大学生进行自卑感量表和大学生人际信任度量表问卷调查,采SPSS For PASW Statistics 18对回收的有效问卷进行方差分析、均值比较、t检验、数据处理并进行相关性研究,为正确引导大学生身心的健康发展以及构建积极和谐的人际交往提供相应的理论和数据支持。     

Social support, personality and the prediction of psychological distress: an interactionist approach

Theoretical considerations as well as recent research suggest that the concept of social support, instead of being viewed solely as a stress buffer, should be seen as an important etiological factor in symptom development in its own right. Consequently, the present study set out to examine the influence of six personality factors, derived by a principal component analysis of the 16PF, on the relationship between social support and symptoms of psychological distress in a student sample (N = 139). The results indicated a significant interaction between extraversion and social support; extraverts showed a substantially heightened sensitivity to social support variations. This finding appears to emphasize the usefulness of an interactionist approach that integrates person and context variables for the prediction of psychological distress.     

儿童期社交退缩与人际关系的研究综述

目的 对近20年关于儿童退缩和人际关系相关的研究结果进行总结,了解退缩儿童的人际关系特点。方法 利用文献法整合国内外的相关研究,对儿童退缩和亲子关系、同伴关系和师生关系3种人际关系的相关的研究结果进行总结分析。结果 3种人际关系对儿童退缩行为的产生和发展有直接的、重要的影响。结论 社交退缩儿童具有不良的人际关系,通过改善儿童人际关系,将有助于矫正儿童退缩行为。     

Mechanisms of change in interpersonal therapy (IPT)

Although interpersonal therapy (IPT) has demonstrated efficacy for mood and other disorders, little is known about how IPT works. We present interpersonal change mechanisms that we hypothesize account for symptom change in IPT. Integrating relational theory and insights based on research findings regarding stress, social support, and illness, IPT highlights contextual factors thought to precipitate and maintain psychiatric disorders. It frames therapy around a central interpersonal problem in the patient's life, a current crisis or relational predicament that is disrupting social support and increasing interpersonal stress. By mobilizing and working collaboratively with the patient to resolve this problem, IPT seeks to activate several interpersonal change mechanisms. These include: 1) enhancing social support, 2) decreasing interpersonal stress, 3) facilitating emotional processing, and 4) improving interpersonal skills. We hope that articulating these mechanisms will help therapists to formulate cases and better maintain focus within an IPT framework. Here we propose interpersonal mechanisms that might explain how IPT's interpersonal focus leads to symptom change. Future work needs to specify and test candidate mediators in clinical trials. We anticipate that pursuing this more systematic strategy will lead to important refinements and improvements in IPT and enhance its application in a range of clinical populations.     

Applying interpersonal theories to the understanding of and therapy for auditory hallucinations: a review of the literature and directions for further research

Cognitive models of auditory hallucinations are being elaborated in an attempt to more fully understand the variables that determine the distress often experienced by hearers. There is a growing body of literature that aims to explore the relevance of the concept of ‘relating’ to the experience of auditory hallucinations. This review explored the relevance of interpersonal perspectives to both understandings of and therapy for auditory hallucinations. Eighteen papers were included, published between 1989 and 2010. Studies have utilised and are reviewed within three different theoretical perspectives: Benjamin's Structural Analysis of Social Behaviour; Gilbert's Social Rank Theory; and Birtchnell's Relating Theory. Qualitative studies have explored the nature of the person's relationships with their auditory hallucinations, and are also reviewed. Collectively, the studies suggest that the experience of auditory hallucinations can be understood within interpersonal frameworks, and the relationships that hearers develop with their hallucinations share many properties with interpersonal relationships within the social world. Two themes were prominent across studies: an understanding of the power of the hearer, relative to both auditory hallucinations and social relationships; and the broader influence of social factors that extends beyond power to encompass broader patterns of relating. Findings are considered with regard to clinical implications and future research.     

医学生社会支持、心理控制源与人际关系敏感的关系

目的探讨医学生社会支持、心理控制源与人际关系敏感之间的关系。方法采用社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、内在性、有势力的他人及机遇量表（IPC）和症状自评量表（SCL-90）对150名医学生进行问卷调查。结果人际关系敏感与主观社会支持（r=-0.202,P〈0.05）、社会支持总分（r=-0.215,P〈0.01）呈显著负相关,与有势力的他人（r=0.255,P〈0.01）及机遇（r=0.254,P〈0.01）得分呈显著正相关;有势力的他人和社会支持总分能直接预测医学生的人际关系敏感因子（β值分别为0.227,P〈0.001;-0.180,P〈0.05）;社会支持完全以心理控制源为中介作用于人际关系敏感。结论社会支持通过心理控制源的中介作用影响人际关系敏感。     

大学生宿舍人际和谐量表的编制

目的 编制大学生宿舍人际的有效测量工具.方法 以罗伯特·凯根的结构—发展理论为基础建构维度,结合专题讨论和专家评定收集和确定题项.对722名大学生测试,经项目分析与探索性因素分析后,用AMOS4.0对模型进行检验和修正,来确定量表的结构和检验其有效性.结果 量表由问题解决、尊重、友好氛围和了解促进四因素构成;量表模型拟...     

Interpersonal functioning in borderline personality disorder: A systematic review of behavioral and laboratory-based assessments

It is widely accepted that interpersonal problems are a central area of difficulty for those with borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, empirical elucidation of the specific behaviors, or patterns of behaviors, characterizing interpersonal dysfunction or dissatisfaction with relationships in BPD is limited. In this paper, we review the literature on interpersonal functioning of individuals with BPD by focusing on studies that include some assessment of interpersonal functioning that is not solely self-report; that is, studies with either behavioral laboratory tasks or manipulation of interpersonal stimuli in a controlled laboratory setting were included. First, we review the literature relevant to social cognition, including perceptual biases, Theory of Mind/empathy, and social problem-solving. Second, we discuss research that assesses reactivity to interpersonal stressors and interpersonal aggression in BPD. Next, we review the literature on trust and cooperation among individuals with BPD and controls. Last, we discuss the behavior of mothers with BPD in interactions with their infants. In conclusion, we specify areas of difficulty that are consistently identified as characterizing the interpersonal behaviors of those with BPD and the relevant implications. We also discuss the difficulties in synthesizing this body of literature and suggest areas for future research.     

青少年社会支持研究现状综述

个体所获得的社会支持对其积极适应和个人发展有显著影响。本文概述了社会支持的概念、划分、研究方法 ,并从提供支持的人数、来源、类型、影响因素等方面对青少年群体社会支持的研究现状进行了综述