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食管胃结合部腺癌(AEG)与传统意义上的食管癌及胃癌存在较大差异。随着对其淋巴结转移规律的总结和认识,目前认为仅对于以纵隔淋巴结转移为主的SiewertI型AEG,经胸或左胸腹联合切口可作为其推荐的手术入路。对于以腹腔淋巴结转移为主的SiewertⅡ/Ⅲ型AEG,经胸入路及胸腹联合入路与开腹手术相比手术风险大、住院时间延长,且不改善病人长期存活率。由于较少合并纵隔淋巴结转移,经腹入路可作为SiewertⅡ/Ⅲ型肿瘤合理的手术选择。     

腹腔镜食管胃结合部腺癌手术下纵隔淋巴结清扫范围与技巧

食管胃结合部腺癌（AEG）是一种特殊类型的肿瘤，其发病位置特殊，区别于胃癌和食管癌，具有独特的生物学行为。淋巴结转移是AEG最常见的转移途径之一，淋巴结转移可向口侧的下纵隔淋巴结及肛侧的腹腔淋巴结发生转移，因此，AEG病人行根治性手术时除了常规清扫腹腔淋巴结外，下纵隔淋巴结也应该被列入清扫范围，但是对于下纵隔淋巴结清扫的适用人群、清扫范围和手术入路目前仍缺乏高级别的证据支持。由于目前仍然存在争议，加之下纵隔淋巴结位置较高，清扫难度较大，一般只在部分有经验的中心开展。     

食管-胃结合部腺癌根治术的争议与评价

目前,食管-胃结合部腺癌（AEG）作为一类不同于食管癌和胃癌的独立疾病的临床观点已为多数学者所接受。然而,有关AEG根治术的手术径路、食管胃切除范围、淋巴结清扫范围等问题仍存在争议。临床上应综合病人全身情况、AEG类型、食管浸润范围、cTNM分期、术者的经验和技术条件等因素,平衡手术的安全性和彻底性,选择合理的个体化根治手术方案。     

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目前,食管胃结合部腺癌(AEG)作为一类不同于食管癌和胃癌的独立疾病的临床观点已为多数学者所接受。然而,有关AEG根治术的手术径路、切除范围、淋巴结清扫范围等问题仍存在争议。外科医师应重视临床研究结果,同时提高手术技巧。在循证医学的指导下,应综合病人全身情况、AEG类型、cTNM分期等因素,开展多学科团队治疗模式,制定合理的个体化综合治疗方案。     

食管胃结合部腺癌淋巴结清扫策略

食管胃结合部腺癌（AEG）的发病率呈上升趋势。AEG生长部位及生物学行为特殊,越来越多的学者认为其是一种不同于食管癌、胃癌而相对独立的疾病。AEG在解剖上位于食管和胃连接部位,其淋巴结可向纵隔和腹部两个方向转移。目前AEG的淋巴结转移规律尚不完全明确,其淋巴结清扫范围亦未达成共识。笔者针对AEG淋巴结清扫的热点问题及A...     

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食管胃结合部腺癌(AEG)无论从发病机制还是生物学行为上,均不同于食管癌和胃癌,外科治疗时常需考虑是否行联合脏器切除术,尤其是脾脏切除。然而,行脾脏切除术对此类病人术后存活率的影响目前尚存在一定争议。因此,临床上行手术AEG治疗时,应首先明确肿瘤的不同分型、慎重考虑手术的难易程度、全面综合评估原发灶与脾脏的关系及脾门淋巴结的状态,再决定是否行联合脾脏等脏器切除术。     

食管胃交界部腺癌与胸下段食管鳞癌外科治疗结果的比较分析

目的比较食管胃交界部腺癌（AEG）与胸下段食管鳞癌（LESC）生物学行为和临床特点．探索各自合理的手术方式。方法回顾性分析2004年1月至2012年4月间上海交通大学附属胸科医院收治的111例AEG和126例LESC患者的临床资料．比较两组病例手术切除率、淋巴结转移情况及术后并发症发生率的差异。结果AEG组和LESC组患者的手术切除率分别为94．6％（105／111）和97．6％（123／126）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。AEG组患者纵隔淋巴结转移率明显低于LESC组f6．3％（7／111）比32．5％（41／126）,P〈0．011,腹腔淋巴结转移率则明显高于LESC组[57．7％（64／111）比34．1％（43／126）,P〈0．01]。SiewertⅠ型和SiewertⅡ型AEG纵隔淋巴结转移率分别为12．5％（4／32）和4．7％（3／64）．而15例siewertⅢ型AEG患者则未发现纵隔淋巴结转移。AEG单纯经腹手术者,中下纵隔淋巴结转移检出率显著低于经胸手术者[0／22比7．9％（7／89）,P〈0．05]：LESC经右胸行二野或三野淋巴结清扫者,上纵隔淋巴结转移检出率明显高于经左胸单一切口者[17．9％（12／67）比0／59,P〈0．01]。两组患者术后并发症发生率分别为23．4％（26／111）和27．0％（34／126）。差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论AEG和LESC具有不同淋巴结转移规律,应采用不同的手术方式进行治疗。SiewertⅠ型和Ⅱ型AEG需重视中下纵隔淋巴结的清扫。     

食管胃交界部腺癌的特点及外科治疗

近年来,远端胃癌发病率在世界范围内均呈下降趋势,与之相反,自20世纪70年代起,食管胃交界部腺癌（adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction,AEG）的发病率持续升高[1].由于AEG 处于胸腹交界处这一特殊部位,有着相对独立的临床病理特征和治疗策略.长期以来,国内腹部外科和胸部外科医师均接诊AEG患者,有关AEG的手术径路、食管胃切除范围、淋巴结清扫范围及联合脏器切除等问题存在着诸多争议,对AEG的手术治疗一直缺乏统一的认识.     

淋巴结转移在胃癌预后中的评价

淋巴结转移为胃癌最常见的转移方式,是影响胃癌预后的重要原因之一,基于淋巴结转移数目和解剖位置的胃癌淋巴结转移分期(N分期)是最常见的预后评估和诊断分期方式,围绕N分期的研究至今仍在不断进行优化完善。许多特殊类型的淋巴结转移也逐渐被认识,如癌结节、淋巴结微转移、孤立肿瘤细胞及跳跃性转移。此文从淋巴结转移的机制、淋巴结转移分期演变、特殊淋巴结转移类型进行综合探讨淋巴结转移如何影响胃癌预后的评估。     

食管胃结合部腺癌腹腔镜近端胃切除术及淋巴结清扫

食管胃结合部腺癌（AEG）在胃癌中的比例呈逐步上升的趋势。由于该部位的肿瘤具有独特的解剖结构及生物学特征,使其在诊断、治疗的多个方面具有一定复杂性,给手术方式、切除范围的选择、淋巴结清扫、治疗决策的制订等带来诸多的难度,也因此一直是学术争论的焦点。随着近年来微创外科的发展,腹腔镜技术已不断成熟并广泛应用于消化道肿瘤的治...     

Multidisciplinary approach to esophageal and gastric cancer

Despite marked advances in surgical therapy for patients with esophageal, esophagogastric, and gastric cancers, the overall prognosis of these patients has not markedly improved during the past decades. Multidisciplinary approaches using adjuvant postoperative and neoadjuvant preoperative therapeutic principles have received increasing attention with regard to the management of these patients. A series of randomized, prospective trials has demonstrated that adjuvant postoperative radiation or chemotherapy does not result in a convincing survival advantage after complete tumor resection in esophageal, esophagogastric junction, or gastric cancer. The available data on the role of neoadjuvant preoperative therapy are not yet conclusive. Although neoadjuvant therapy may reduce the tumor mass in many patients, several randomized, controlled trials have shown that, compared with primary resection, a multimodal approach does not result in a survival benefit in patients with locoregional, that is, potentially resectable, tumors. In contrast, in patients with locally advanced tumors, that is, patients in whom complete tumor removal with primary surgery seems unlikely, neoadjuvant therapy increases the likelihood of complete tumor resection on subsequent surgery, but only patients with objective histopathologic response to preoperative therapy seem to benefit from this approach. Consequently, in the future, improvements in the overall survival of patients with esophageal, esophagogastric junction, or gastric cancer most likely will be achieved only by tailored therapeutic strategies that are based on the individual tumor location, tumor stage, and consideration of established prognostic factors. A clear classification of the underlying tumor entity, a profound knowledge of the prognostic factors applicable, a thorough preoperative staging, and identification of parameters that allow for the prediction of response to preoperative therapy will become essential for the selection of the optimal therapeutic modality for individual patients.     

手术入路对食管胃结合部腺癌生存预后的影响

目的:评价经胸入路与经腹入路手术治疗SiewertⅡ/Ⅲ型食管胃结合部腺癌的临床疗效.方法:回顾分析2004年1月至2014年11月手术治疗的168例SiewertⅡ/Ⅲ型胃食管结合部腺癌患者的临床资料,对其人群特征、手术并发症、总生存率及生存预后的影响因素进行分析.结果:两组临床资料具有可比性,经胸入路组较经腹入路组...     

Individualized surgical strategies for cancer of the esophagogastric junction

Due to their borderline location between the stomach and esophagus the optimal surgical strategy for patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction is controversial. Irrespective of the surgical approach a complete removal of the primary tumor and its lymphatic drainage has to be the primary goal of surgical treatment of such tumors. Based on the experience with surgical resection of more than 1000 patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction we recommend an individualized surgical strategy guided by tumor stage and topographic location of the tumor center or tumor mass. This requires detailed preoperative staging and classification of tumors arising in the vicinity of the esophagogastric junction into adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus (AEG Type I Tumors), true carcinoma of the gastric cardia (AEG Type II Tumors) and subcardial gastric carcinoma infiltrating the esophagogastric junction (AEG Type III Tumors). In patients with Type I Tumors transthoracic esophagectomy offers no survival benefit over radical transmediastinal esophagectomy, but is associated with higher morbidity. In patients with Type II or Type III tumors an extended total gastrectomy results in equal or superior survival and less postoperative mortality than a more extended esophagogastrectomy. In patients with early tumors, staged as uT1 on preoperative endosonography, a limited resection of the proximal stomach, cardia and distal esophagus with interposition of a pedicled isoperistaltic jejunal segment allows a complete tumor removal with adequate lymphadenectomy and offers excellent functional results. Multimodal treatment protocols with neoadjuvant chemotherapy or combined radiochemotherapy followed by surgical resection appear to markedly improve the prognosis in patients with locally advanced tumors who respond to preoperative treatment. With this tailored approach extensive preoperative staging becomes mandatory for an adequate selection of the appropriate therapeutic concept.     

Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型食管胃结合部腺癌诊疗的研究进展

Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型食管胃结合部腺癌是一种特殊类型癌,兼具食管癌与胃癌特点,其在分期、分型及诊疗方式上存在诸多争论.目前公认的分型方法是Siewert分型,尚缺乏独立的TNM分期,其发病原因与胃食管反流、幽门螺杆菌感染、Barrett食管密切相关,治疗上以根治性手术联合围手术期放化疗、靶向治疗等在内的综合治疗为主.     

Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction: results of surgical therapy based on anatomical/topographic classification in 1,002 consecutive patients

OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of surgical therapy based on a topographic/anatomical classification of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Because of its borderline location between the stomach and esophagus, the choice of surgical strategy for patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction is controversial. METHODS: In a large single-center series of 1,002 consecutive patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction, the choice of surgical approach was based on the location of the tumor center or tumor mass. Treatment of choice was esophagectomy for type I tumors (adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus) and extended gastrectomy for type II tumors (true carcinoma of the cardia) and type III tumors (subcardial gastric cancer infiltrating the distal esophagus). Demographic data, morphologic and histopathologic tumor characteristics, and long-term survival rates were compared among the three tumor types, focusing on the pattern of lymphatic spread, the outcome of surgery, and prognostic factors in patients with type II tumors. RESULTS: There were marked differences in sex distribution, associated intestinal metaplasia in the esophagus, tumor grading, tumor growth pattern, and stage distribution between the three tumor types. The postoperative death rate was higher after esophagectomy than extended total gastrectomy. On multivariate analysis, a complete tumor resection (R0 resection) and the lymph node status (pN0) were the dominating independent prognostic factors for the entire patient population and in the three tumor types, irrespective of the surgical approach. In patients with type II tumors, the pattern of lymphatic spread was primarily directed toward the paracardial, lesser curvature, and left gastric artery nodes; esophagectomy offered no survival benefit over extended gastrectomy in these patients. CONCLUSION: The classification of adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction into type I, II, and III tumors shows marked differences between the tumor types and provides a useful tool for selecting the surgical approach. For patients with type II tumors, esophagectomy offers no advantage over extended gastrectomy if a complete tumor resection can be achieved.     

食管胃结合部腺癌的外科治疗

食管胃结合部癌的发病率呈持续上升的趋势,尤其是在西方国家。外科手术切除仍然是治疗食管胃结合部癌的基石。由于肿瘤位于食管和胃的结合部,所以对其定义、分型、分期和手术方式都还存在一些争议。Siewert分型是目前认可程度最高的分型方法。对于进展期SiewertⅠ型食管胃结合部癌,其生物学特性和外科治疗方案更接近于食管癌;对于进展期SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型食管胃结合部癌,外科治疗方案更接近于胃癌。而对于早期食管胃结合部癌,可以采用内镜切除或者缩小手术。     

Management of esophageal cancer in patients aged over 80 years.

BACKGROUND: Important advances in the management of cancer of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction have occurred in the last decades, making treatment possible even in elderly patients. Unfortunately there is little information on management of esophageal cancer in octogenarian patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment results of esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer in a single institution over a 14-year period in patients>or=80 years of age. METHODS: Clinicopathological characteristics and management strategies were studied in patients>or=80 years old with cancer of the esophagus or esophagogastric junction, referred to our department and treated between 1992 and 2005. RESULTS: There were 62 patients>or=80 years: 12 underwent surgical resection and 50 were not resected. There were no perioperative deaths. The morbidity rate was 33%. Most non-resected patients had an endoscopic prosthesis. The median survival for the overall group was 5.4 months: 14.6 and 5.1 in resected and non-resected patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Even in octogenarian patients--with limited comorbidities and fit for surgery--esophagectomy may be regarded as a valid treatment option. Unfortunately this remains possible only in a small minority of 80-90-year old patients. In the remainder, endoscopic treatments--namely prosthesis placements, with chemoradiotherapy when possible--are the alternatives.     

Ⅳ期胃癌转化治疗的研究进展

胃癌是我国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,临床收治的胃癌患者以进展期为主。近年来,随着药物治疗的进步,对于无法手术的Ⅳ期胃癌采取以药物治疗为主的综合治疗后,可以使部分病例肿瘤降期,从而获得根治手术的机会,部分接受手术治疗的患者从而获得了长期生存的机会。REGATTA研究结果证实,姑息手术+化疗不能改善Ⅳ期胃癌患者的远期生存。新辅...     

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食管胃结合部腺癌(AEG)的发病率呈持续上升趋势,尤其是在西方国家,增长速度远远高于东方国家。对于SiewertI型AEG,其生物学特性和外科治疗方案更接近于食管癌;对于SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG,外科治疗方案更接近于胃癌。目前有两个大型的Ⅲ期临床试验比较了不同术式的效果:SiewertI型AEG建议采用经胸切除的手术;而SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型肿瘤建议采用开腹经食管裂孔的术式。同时,围手术期化疗、化放疗的作用也在临床试验中得到了进一步证实。