2015--2019年南通市通州区适龄妇女宫颈癌及乳腺癌筛查结果分析

目的:了解南通市通州区适龄妇女宫颈癌、乳腺癌筛查情况。方法:利用2015—2019年南通市通州区每年筛查年报结果进行描述流行病学分析。结果:2015—2019年宫颈癌筛查合计阳性病例14 681例,患病率达11.61%。其中癌前病变480例,癌前病变检出率为397.68/10万,宫颈癌确诊86例,宫颈癌检出率为68.03/10万。乳腺癌筛查合计阳性病例598例,患病率达0.47%。其中乳腺癌确诊63例,乳腺癌检出率为49.71/10万。HPV16、18阳性人群癌前病变患病率及宫颈癌确诊病例患病率高于HPV其他阳性人群,HPV其他阳性人群癌前病变患病率及宫颈癌确诊病例患病率高于HPV阴性人群,差异均有统计学意义。结论:宫颈癌、乳腺癌筛查,可以达到早诊断、早发现和早治疗的目的,HPV检测结果与宫颈癌癌前病变及宫颈癌病例确诊关系密切。     

北京市海淀区上庄乡两癌筛查统计分析

目的 通过筛查对严重危害妇女健康的宫颈癌、乳腺癌做到"早发现、早诊断、早治疗";为两癌防治研究提供科学依据.方法 对北京市海淀区上庄乡适龄妇女进行两癌筛查,并对筛查资料进行整理分析.结果 筛查检出宫颈癌可疑病例40例,检出率为1 535.51/10万;乳腺癌可疑病例15例,检出率为702.58/10万;妇科常见疾病患病率为7.72%,乳腺常见疾病患病率为50.82%.结论 两癌筛查是早期发现宫颈癌和乳腺癌的重要手段.乳腺增生在乳腺常见疾病中患病率最高.     

常熟市农村妇女宫颈癌和乳腺癌筛查服务模式探讨

目的探讨农村妇女开展宫颈癌和乳腺癌筛查服务模式。方法 2010—2011年对常熟市农村35～59周岁妇女开展两癌筛查,以患病率、癌症检出率作为评估效果,与2009年农村妇女病普查相比较。结果 2010—2011年开展宫颈癌筛查妇女53 842人,妇科疾病检出率为23.54%,宫颈癌前病变为1.36‰,宫颈癌为13.0/10万;乳腺癌筛查53 874人,检出率为10.9%,乳腺癌检出率18.56/10万,两癌筛查患病率、癌症检出率明显高于普查。结论两癌筛查患病率、癌症检出率明显高于普查,应将两癌模式取代传统的普查模式,不断提高农村妇女的身心健康。     

北京市18个区县宫颈癌、乳腺癌检出率比较

目的:了解北京市18个区县适龄妇女生殖健康状况。方法:2008～2009年对25～65岁户籍妇女进行妇科及宫颈细胞学检查,同时对40～60岁户籍妇女进行乳腺癌筛查,并记录个人基本信息及个人病史。结果:本次宫颈癌筛查728 704例,宫颈癌筛查平均年龄47.39岁。乳腺癌筛查568 000例,乳腺癌筛查平均年龄49.71岁。宫颈癌筛查检出宫颈上皮内瘤变(C INⅠ、C INⅡ、C INⅢ)及以上病变968例,检出率132.84/10万,其中宫颈癌及癌前病变(C INⅡ、C INⅢ)602例,检出率为82.61/10万(602/728 704),其中宫颈癌89例,检出率为12.21/10万。乳腺癌筛查检出乳腺癌266例,乳腺癌检出率为46.83/10万。结论:适龄妇女生殖健康状况不容忽视,应定期开展宫颈癌、乳腺癌筛查,早期发现并治疗癌前病变,提高妇女健康水平。     

南京市秦淮区2013-2015年宫颈癌和乳腺癌筛查结果

目的了解南京市秦淮区妇女宫颈癌和乳腺癌的筛查状况。方法按照《江苏省农村妇女宫颈癌和乳腺癌检查项目管理方案》的要求,对年龄35~64岁已婚妇女免费筛查。结果 2013-2015年共完成宫颈癌筛查30 113人次、乳腺癌筛查30 160人次,共发现宫颈癌10例,患病率为3.32/万;宫颈上皮内瘤变126例,患病率为41.84/万,其中低级别病变55例,患病率为18.26/万,高级别病变71例,患病率为23.58/万;乳腺癌30例,患病率为9.95/万,乳腺癌前病变4例。结论秦淮区妇女宫颈癌和乳腺癌患病率较高,开展适龄妇女宫颈癌、乳腺癌筛查意义重大。     

北京市海淀区妇女两癌筛查情况分析

目的 了解北京市海淀区妇女生殖健康状况,筛查严重危害妇女健康的子宫颈癌和乳腺癌,为制定切实有效的妇女病防治措施提供依据.方法 采用妇科检查和国产液基薄层细胞学技术对海淀区户籍25-65岁妇女进行宫颈癌筛查,彩色多普勒超声对其中40-60岁的妇女进行乳腺癌筛查.结果 参加宫颈癌筛查的妇女有87 102人,筛查率为15.18%;妇科良性疾病患病率为24.67%,宫颈癌前病变患病率为9.07/万,宫颈癌患病率为4.59/10万.参加乳腺癌筛查的妇女有68 114例,筛查率为18.89%;乳腺良性疾病患病率为30.50%,乳腺癌患病率为80.75/10万.结论 开展妇女两癌筛查工作对降低宫颈癌和乳腺癌的发病率及死亡率具有重要的意义.应进一步加强健康教育工作,完善筛查制度,提高妇女两癌筛查率,保障妇女的生殖健康.     

北京市密云区适龄妇女宫颈癌和乳腺癌筛查结果分析

目的了解北京市密云区适龄妇女宫颈癌、乳腺癌患病情况,为"两癌"防治工作提供参考依据。方法宫颈癌筛查含妇科、阴道镜和组织病理检查。乳腺癌筛查含乳腺临床(手诊)、彩超和乳腺X线摄影检查。应用描述性流行病学方法对结果进行分析。结果 2015年密云区宫颈癌筛查64 431人,妇科检查异常22 408人,检出率34.8%,其中妇科炎性疾病检出率14.7%;筛查出宫颈上皮内瘤变368人,检出率571.2/10万;宫颈癌12人,检出率18.6/10万。乳腺癌筛查70 417人,检出乳腺增生16 733人,检出率23.8%;其次,乳腺纤维腺瘤106人,检出率150.5/10万;筛查出乳腺癌21例,检出率29.8/10万。结论密云区妇女生殖健康状况不容乐观,应加强筛查或体检,及早采取干预措施。     

台州市30余万农村妇女宫颈癌和乳腺癌筛查结果分析

目的:了解台州市农村妇女宫颈癌和乳腺癌的筛查情况,为“两癌”的防治提供依据,降低“两癌”治疗成本,提高患病妇女的生存率.方法:分析2012年5月-2013年12月“两癌”免费筛查农村妇女的资料.结果:该市筛查315 290例农村妇女宫颈癌,检查出宫颈癌前病变1 706例,宫颈癌144例,患病率为45.67/10万;筛查298 247例农村妇女乳腺癌,检查出乳腺癌147例,患病率为49.29/10万.结论:农村妇女“两癌”发病率高,“两癌”普查意义重大,应加大普查力度,切实做到早预防、早发现和早治疗,降低宫颈癌和乳腺癌的发病率和死亡率,保障妇女的生殖健康.     

安庆市2017-2019年农村妇女宫颈癌筛查结果分析

目的 通过对农村妇女宫颈癌的筛查,了解安庆市农村妇女宫颈癌患病水平.方法 根据项目管理方案,收集2017-2019年安庆市各县(市区)免费宫颈癌筛查的35～64岁农村妇女筛查资料,分析癌前病变和宫颈癌早发现早诊断早治疗情况.结果 共筛查136243名妇女,检出阳性个案1087例,其中宫颈癌检出率19.08/10万,癌前病变检出率491.03/10万,不同年份检出率差异无统计学意义(x2分别为3.887和3.781,P值均大于0.05);检出生殖道良性疾病30147例,生殖道良性疾病患病率为22.13％.宫颈癌及癌前病变患者治疗率为95.61％.取材工具改进后的巴氏涂片法与TCT法用于宫颈细胞学筛查阳性检出率分别为3.11％和7.17％,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.390,P=0.532).结论 安庆市开展农村妇女免费宫颈癌筛查对早期发现宫颈癌及癌前病变具有重要意义.     

北京市某高校社区妇女宫颈癌和乳腺癌筛查结果分析

目的 对北京市海淀区某高校社区4 171例妇女官颈癌和乳腺癌筛查结果进行分析,了解该地区妇女生殖健康状况,为今后制定妇女病防治措施提供依据.方法 对社区25～65岁妇女采用妇科常规检查和官颈液基脱落细胞学(TCT)检查的方法进行官颈癌筛查;对40 ～ 60岁妇女采用乳腺彩色多普勒超声的方法进行乳腺癌筛查.可疑病例转至定点医院进行复诊,并由专人负责随访.结果 参加官颈癌筛查4 171人,筛查率10.67％;妇科疾病患病率23.66％,其中子宫肌瘤患病率最高(11.00％);宫颈癌可疑转诊病例实访率98.53％.官颈上皮内瘤变患病率16.78/万;宫颈浸润癌患病率2.40/万.参加乳腺癌筛查3 110人,筛查率13.58％;乳腺疾病患病率28.01％,其中乳腺增生患病率最高,为14.05％;乳腺癌可疑转诊病例实访率为96.43％.乳腺癌患病率96.5/10万.结论 北京市某高校社区妇女官颈癌和乳腺癌筛查率均不高,定期进行筛查,对降低两癌的发病率和死亡率具有重要意义.     

人源性宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌异种移植动物模型的建立

目的构建人来源的宫颈癌(cervical cancer,CC)、子宫内膜癌(endometrial cancer,EC)、卵巢癌(ovarian cancer,OC)人源性肿瘤异种移植动物模型,为研究和开发新药及个体化治疗提供实验模型。方法收集2018年2月至2019年4月新疆医科大学第一附属医院CC、EC、OC患者各5例的新鲜手术切除标本,移植至重度免疫缺陷(immunodeficiency,NOG)小鼠和非肥胖糖尿病/重症联合免疫缺陷(non-obese diabetes/severe combined immunodeficiency,NOD/SCLD)小鼠皮下,监测荷瘤小鼠体重和肿瘤体积,对长至500~1 000 mm^3大小的肿瘤进行传代移植,通过苏木精-伊红染色法(hematoxylin-eosin staining,HE)染色及免疫组化(immunohistochemistry,IHC)验证移植肿瘤组织与患者肿瘤组织的病理学一致性。结果本研究收集并移植15例CC、EC、OC肿瘤标本,成功构建CC、EC、OC PDX模型8例,建模成功率为53%。结论模型较好地保留了原发肿瘤的特征,为后续研究开发CC、EC、OC新的治疗方案、临床药物筛选以及个体化治疗提供了实验平台。     

Persisting risk of nickel related lung cancer and nasal cancer among Clydach refiners

Objective

To evaluate the risk of lung cancer and nasal cancer among workers employed at the Clydach nickel refinery, South Wales since 1930 by combining data from the two most recently published papers on this cohort.

Methods

Observed and expected numbers of cancer deaths were extracted for workers who had a minimum of five years service and were employed for the first time between 1902 and 1992. Standardised mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated for subgroups according to year of employment, time since first employment, and process work.

Results

A persisting excess of respiratory cancer was found for workers employed in the period 1930–92, with a lung cancer SMR of 133 (95% CI 103 to 172) and a SMR for nasal cancer of 870 (95% CI 105 to 3141). The lung cancer excess was most clearly seen 20 years or more after first employment and seemed to be confined to process workers. There was no indication of a further reduction in risk since 1930.

Conclusion

The extreme nickel related cancer hazard at the refinery before 1920 was greatly reduced during subsequent years. Some of the carcinogenic exposures seem to have remained after 1930, producing an elevated risk of nasal cancer and a 30% excess of lung cancer in the workforce. There was evidence of a persisting risk among process workers first employed since 1953.     

番茄红素抗癌作用研究现状

许多流行病学研究表明，番茄制品可以降低癌的危险性，尤其是胃肠道和前列腺癌。番茄红素是番茄制品的主要类胡萝卜素，本文对番茄红素的分子结构、代谢等生物学特征、番茄红素的抗癌作用及其机制进行了综述。     

肺癌及癌旁组织中微量元素含量分析

目的 :探讨肺癌患者的癌、癌旁和正常组织中微量元素含量的变化。方法 :收集 2 0例肺癌患者癌组织、癌旁组织及正常组织 ,用等离子体发射光谱仪测定Se、Zn、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn含量。结果 :肺癌患者的正常组织、癌旁组织、癌组织Se、Zn、Mg的含量和Se/Zn的比值逐渐降低 ,但Cu、Fe、Mn的含量和Cu/Zn、Fe/Zn、Mn/Zn的比值则相反而逐渐升高 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :微量元素含量的变化与肺癌发生、发展有一定的关系 ,对癌变过程的研究和临床治疗的指导具有重要意义     

Community knowledge of cancer

Since major opportunities for the prevention and early detectionof cancer rely on changing the behaviour of individuals, publiceducation is a major focus of many cancer control organizations.Some public education messages in Australia have been constantfor over a decade. Despite this, many people still do not followrecommendations for cancer prevention and early detection. Littleinformation is available on the extent to which the communityhas assimilated the educational messages produced by cancereducation agencies. A randomly selected community sample (n=76)were surveyed regarding their knowledge of five common cancers;lung bowel, melanoma, breast and cervical Areas of knowledgecommonly included in educational material were considereth thelifetime risk of developing each cancer, five year survival,preventable risk factors and the methods for early detectionof each cancer. Results indicate that respondents tended tooverestimate the lifetime risk of developing each cancer. Survivalfrom lung cancer was greatly overestimated by a high proportionof respondents. Smoking as a risk factor for lungcancerwa.swell recognized, as was sun exposurefor the risk of developingmelanoma. Despite this, these two cancers were not viewed aspreventable by a high proportion of respondents. Symptoms formelanoma, bowel cancer and breast cancer were well known, however,the tests to detect these cancers were not equally well known.The importance of early detection for increased survival waswell recognized. The implications of these results for publkeducation strategies are discussed.     

Formaldehyde and cancer: a critical review

Formaldehyde is a naturally occurring chemical found in every human cell. It has been in widespread use for over a century as a disinfectant and preservative agent, and more recently in a number of industrial products. Animal studies indicate that formaldehyde is a rat carcinogen at high levels (>_ 10 ppm) of exposure. Results for lower levels of exposure show less clear-cut carcinogenic effects, and some species, such as mice and hamsters, appear much less sensitive to any carcinogenic potential of formaldehyde. Epidemiologic studies of the effects of formaldehyde exposure among humans provide inconsistent results. In general, these nonexperimental studies suffer from a number of biases and flaws. The epidemiologic studies fall into three categories: formaldehyde industry workers, case-control studies, and studies of professionals who use formaldehyde. Studies of industry workers with known exposure to formaldehyde report little evidence of an excess cancer risk. Nasopharyngeal cancer, the one cancer considered most strongly linked to formaldehyde among humans, appears after close examination to be likely a result of multiple subgroup analyses and misclassification. The case-control studies usually lack any direct measure of formaldehyde exposure and rely instead on hypothetical exposure based on occupational exposure matrices. Most of these studies, after adjustment for confounding factors, fail to find a significant association with putative formaldehyde exposure. The studies that do report a significant association suffer from methodologic problems limiting their interpretation. The investigations of professionals who use formaldehyde in their work, such as embalmers, pathologists, and anatomists, have the advantage over case-control studies of a much higher likelihood of actual formaldehyde exposure. The findings among these individuals, however, are at odds with those of the other two groups, with excesses of deaths from cancer of the brain and leukemia. The inconsistency between professionals and formaldehyde industry workers in cancer risk patterns suggest that formaldehyde is not the etiologic agent. When the epidemiologic data on formaldehyde and human cancer are examined in light of the widely accepted causal criteria of strength of the association, consistency and specificity of results, dose-response effects, and biologic coherence and plausibility, the studies published so far fail to provide credible causal evidence.     

胃癌患者复发恐惧及其与抑郁的相关性研究

目的 探讨胃癌患者癌症复发恐惧及其与抑郁之间的关系,为进一步干预提供依据。方法 采用一般资料问卷、癌症患者恐惧疾病进展简化量表（FoP - Q - SF）、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对212例胃癌患者进行调查分析。结果 胃癌患者癌症复发恐惧总得分(35.43±10.44)分,抑郁程度得分为（57.05±9.52）分。FoP - Q - SF各维度与SDS各维度均呈正相关;多重线性回归分析显示患者年龄、病程、家庭人均收入、FoP - Q - SF是抑郁的影响因素,可解释总体变异度的58.5%,其中FoP - Q - SF独立影响抑郁水平总体变异的36.7%。结论 本研究中胃癌患者癌症复发恐惧处于中等水平,推测可通过降低复发恐惧水平来降低抑郁的发生。     

Oropharyngeal cancer epidemic and human papillomavirus

A growing body of research shows that human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common and increasing cause of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Thus, the International Agency for Research against Cancer has acknowledged HPV as a risk factor for OSCC, in addition to smoking and alcohol consumption. Recently, in Finland, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, the United States, and Sweden, incidence of OSCC has increased, and an increase in the proportion of HPV-positive tumors was noted. On the basis of these data and reports indicating that patients with HPV-positive cancer have their first sexual experience at a young age and have multiple partners, we postulate that increased incidence of OSCC in the United States and some countries in northern Europe is because of a new, primarily sexually transmitted HPV epidemic. We also suggest that individualized treatment modalities and preventive vaccination should be further explored.