带膜食管支架置入术32例临床疗效观察

目的:探讨带膜食管支架置入术治疗食管癌性狭窄和食管-气管瘘的临床效果。方法:32例晚期食管癌性狭窄和食管-支气管瘘患者,均无手术指征,术前已行内镜和X线钡剂造影检查明确病变部位和性质。术中应用利多卡因胶浆行咽喉部麻醉,置开口器,透视下将超滑导丝与5F导管送入食管内,撤出导丝,经导管注入造影剂确定病变上下端,体表用铅条标记定位病变狭窄区;导丝及导管进入胃腔内,置换不折钢丝,沿钢丝将支架送至病变部位,X线透视下缓慢释放,观察临床疗效。结果:所有患者吞咽困难均显著改善,食管-气管瘘患者呛咳显著缓解。但患者均有不同程度的胸痛、胸部异物感,平均缓解时间2周,支架术后平均存活13个月,并发症有疼痛、再狭窄、支架移位、胃内容物反流、出血、支架嵌顿填塞等。结论:带膜食管支架能显著缓解食管癌患者的进食困难及食管-支气管瘘呛咳、肺内感染、严重营养不良症状,提高患者的生活质量,延长生存时间。对于重度吞咽困难而又失去手术机会或拒绝接受手术治疗的食管癌患者,经口腔在X线透视下放置带膜食管支架是一种操作安全可靠、微创、简单易行、见效快、费用相对低廉的治疗方法。     

食管良恶性狭窄及瘘的带膜内支架介入治疗

目的：研究应用带膜的镍钛合金金属内支架治疗食管的良恶性狭窄。方法：共60例患者,不能手术晚期食管癌19例,食管癌放疗后引起的食管狭窄20例,手术后吻合口狭窄18例,手术后吻合口瘘2例,腐蚀性食管炎1例,4例合并食管-气管瘘或食管-纵隔瘘。所用器械包括：6F猎人头导管,0.035Cun长1.8m交换导丝,食管球囊导管,支架推送器和50-120mm镍钛合金属支架。全部在电视透视下进行,局部口咽部麻醉。结果：全部病例均获成功,其中一例患者因狭窄位置较高,支架置入后48小时取出,术后进食良好。结论：带膜的镍钛合金金属内支架对食管的恶性狭窄进行姑息性治疗是提高患者生存质量安全有效的方法;对手术后吻合口瘘与狭窄和食管-气管瘘或食管-纵隔瘘起到了较好的治疗作用。     

金属食管支架治疗食管恶性狭窄22例分析

[目的]研究金属支架治疗食管恶性狭窄的价值。[方法]采用镍钛合金和Z型支架治疗食管狭窄22例 (18例恶性狭窄 ,4例吻合口狭窄 ) ,包括6例食管支气管瘘。通过胃镜在X线下确定狭窄段的上下缘 ,以及瘘管的位置 ,并在体外和体内定位 ,拔出胃镜后留置导丝 ,将支架置入器沿导丝送到狭窄部位 ,在X线透视下确定支架位置正确后 ,缓慢释放支架 ,并适当调整位置。[结果]病人置放支架后吞咽困难分级降低1.67个等级 ,食管直径由(0.4±0.2)cm扩张至(1.6±0.2)cm。带膜金属支架使瘘口完全封闭 ,术后无严重并发症发生。[结论]金属支架治疗对于不能手术切除的晚期食管癌 ,食管瘘或手术后吻合口狭窄以及吻合口复发的病人是有效的姑息治疗方法 ,带膜支架对食管支气管瘘堵瘘非常有效     

食管气管瘘经置管术后继续放疗

我院自1994年10月～1996年6月对12例食管癌放射治疗中并发食管气管瘘的患者,行内镜下置管术后继续给予体外放射治疗,近期疗效满意,现报告如下: 1 材料和方法1.1 一般资料 本组12例中男性8例,女性4例;年龄51岁～68岁.病变部位:胸上段2例,胸中段7例,胸下段3例,病理诊断均为鳞癌.予6Mv-X线照射,分别在肿瘤量20Gy和50Gy时,患者饮水、进食出现刺激性呛咳和肺部感染,经口服碘水摄片诊断为食管气管、支气管瘘. 1.2 治疗方法 患者左侧卧于X线检查床上,内镜插至瘘口,透视下病变上缘体表定位,内镜直视下沿活检孔将导丝送至胃内,退出胃镜.然后透视下沿导丝将含支架的输送器送至支架上口距病变上缘3cm处,释放国产CES-1型带一层高分子膜的ES食管金属支架,封闭瘘口,退出输送器及导丝.置管后摄片,碘水通过均顺利,未向气管内扩散,成功率100%,置管术后1周,于模拟机下定位,胸上段病变3野,     

国产食管金属内支架的临床应用

目的：探讨国产食管金属内支架治疗食管癌性狭窄、食管－气管瘘及食管－纵隔瘘临床应用价值。方法：先用导丝通过狭窄,经球囊扩张,置入带膜食管金属内支架。结果48例食管狭窄内支架置入后吞咽困难完全消除的7例（14．6％）,41例（85．4％）明显缓解。6例食管－气管瘘口封闭,结论：国产食管金属内支架置入是治疗食管恶性狭窄安全可靠的方法,术后应继续进行抗癌治疗。     

带膜支架在食管恶性狭窄治疗中的应用

目的评价带膜支架治疗食管恶性狭窄的临床应用价值。方法对70例食管恶性狭窄患者在X线电视监视下置入带膜支架,其中单纯食管恶性狭窄64例、狭窄合并食管-支气管瘘5例、狭窄合并食管-纵隔瘘1例。结果全组70例中,69例置入成功,1例下胸段食管癌因患有胃扭转,置入支架失败。手术成功率为98.57%。结论带膜支架在治疗食管恶性狭窄、食管瘘方面简单易行、疗效可靠。     

带膜支架治疗恶性食管狭窄63例

[目的]评价国产食管带膜支架治疗食管恶性狭窄的临床疗效。[方法]选取63例因晚期食管癌或贲门癌导致恶性食管狭窄的患者，行X线透视下国产食管带膜支架置入术进行治疗，其中食管癌51例，贲门癌12例。[结果]所有病人内支架置入均获成功，随访病人3个月～2年，吞咽困难症状缓解率100％。[结论]国产食管带膜支架置入是治疗恶性食管狭窄的有效治疗方法。     

食管支架治疗食管癌性梗阻、穿孔及术后狭窄147例

 目的 探讨自扩式带膜食管支架治疗食管狭窄的价值。方法 使用胃镜或在X线电视监视下安放支架147例。结果 支架放置成功率和放置后吞咽困难缓解率100 %。其中15例疼痛较剧在胃镜或X线下将支架取出。结论 带膜支架应用于食管癌性梗阻、瘘或吻合口癌复发，疗效可靠，并发症少。良性狭窄不易放置支架，或放置后1周内取出以缓解顽固性良性狭窄。     

覆膜支架堵闭治疗恶性食管瘘22例

目的 评价覆膜支架堵闭治疗食管癌合并食管-气管瘘、食管-纵隔瘘的价值,探讨支架堵闭的相关技术.方法 22例全部行食管造影明确瘘口位置,X线透视引导下进行记忆合金支架置入术,所有病例均随访至死亡.结果 22例患者一次性成功置入22枚支架,未出现食管穿孔、大出血以及死亡等严重并发症.瘘口彻底堵闭,吞咽困难完全解除或明显缓解.结论 覆膜支架堵闭治疗恶性食管瘘安全、有效.     

食管支架置入术治疗食管恶性狭窄及食管气管瘘46例疗效分析

目的:探讨食管支架置入术治疗食管癌引起的食管狭窄及食管气管瘘的临床效果。方法:对46 例确诊为食管癌所致的恶性狭窄及食管气管瘘患者行食管支架置入,术后行影像学随访,评价其疗效。结果:46 例患者共置入 49 枚食管支架材料,均 1 次性成功置入。术后患者吞咽梗阻、呛咳缓解或消失,进食明显改善,未出现严重并发症。结论:支架置入治疗食管癌引起的食管狭窄以及食管气管瘘近期效果良好。     

内镜下射频结合食道支架治疗食管恶性梗阻的临床分析

目的：探索经内镜射频、扩张结合食道支架治疗食管恶性梗阻的临床应用价值。方法：在内镜直视下,运用射频电极、扩张器和食道支架对食道癌术后复发病灶和晚期食道癌所致管腔狭窄进行治疗。25例食道恶性梗阻内镜不能通过患者,其中18例患者经过1次射频治疗后胃镜顺利通过狭窄口,后再行食道支架置人;7例患者经过2次射频治疗后食道管腔变宽但胃镜仍不能通过,予扩张后行食道支架置入。结果：25例患者随访1—12个月,无严重并发症,所有患者经治疗后营养迅速恢复,停止静脉补液。结论：经内镜下射频、扩张结合食道支架置入术是食道恶性梗阻较理想的姑息治疗方法,且设备价廉,操作简单,安全性高,易于推广应用。     

Airway stenting for malignant respiratory complications in esophageal cancer

Airway stenting is required for the palliative treatment of advanced esophageal cancer. This study retrospectively analyzes the outcomes of airway stenting for esophageal cancer at our institution. Data from nine patients who underwent airway stenting were reviewed. All patients had poor respiratory status due to esophagorespiratory fistula and/or respiratory stenosis. We retrospectively assessed the results of airway stenting as five grades of respiratory symptoms, regarding stent-related complications and clinical course and survival. Six silicone and six covered self-expandable metallic stents were deployed in five and six patients, respectively. Two types of airway stents were deployed in two patients, and double stents were positioned in the airway and in the esophagus of three other patients. The grade of respiratory symptoms improved in seven patients. The mean dyspnea grade was 3.0±0.9 and 1.3±1.3 before and after airway stenting, respectively. Stent-related complications comprised of chest pain, incomplete closure of the ERF, sputum retention and stent migration. The mean±SD survival of all patients was 103±108 (range, 0 to 325) days, and the survival of patients without relapsed cancer at the time of stenting, who underwent cancer-specific therapy after stenting, was prolonged. Although the airway should be stented according to the status and the prognosis of each patient individually stenting can relieve symptoms and improve the prognosis even when esophageal cancer is at very advanced stages. Airway stenting could play a role in the multidisciplinary management of advanced esophageal cancer.     

自膨式覆膜金属支架治疗食管癌术后颈部吻合口瘘

目的:探讨自膨式覆膜金属支架在治疗食管癌术后颈部吻合口瘘中的应用价值。方法:在胃镜下对17例食管癌术后颈部吻合口瘘患者进行自膨式覆膜金属支架植入治疗。结果:所有患者一次植入成功,恢复正常饮食。1例支架脱落后重新植入。总治愈率为94.1%。全组术后均出现轻度的胸骨后疼痛不适或胃液反流的症状,所有患者均痊愈出院。结论:自膨式覆膜金属支架植入是内镜下治疗食管癌术后颈部吻合口瘘的简单安全有效的方法。     

Usefulness of esophageal stenting by using a covered self-expandable metallic stent for esophagorespiratory fistula associated with esophageal carcinoma

We report three cases of esophagorespiratory fistula associated with esophageal carcinoma successfully treated with esophageal stenting by using a covered self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS). All three cases had advanced esophageal carcinoma at middle thoracic esophagus with esophagorespiratory fistula at the level of esophageal carcinoma. Case 1 is a 58-year-old man who had lung abscess due to esophagopulmonary fistula caused after induction chemoradiotherapy. He underwent a surgical resection of the affected lung and intraoperative esophageal stenting with dietary intake starting on day 26 after stenting. Case 2 is a 60-year-old man with esophagopulmonary fistula caused after primary chemotherapy. He started to take an oral intake on day 3 after esophageal stenting. Case 3 is a 68-year-old man with esophagobronchial fistula detected at the first medical examination. He started to take an oral diet on day 7 after esophageal stenting. All three cases had a rapid improvement of respiratory symptoms, pneumonia and malnutrition by esophageal stenting leading to marked improvement of impaired general condition. Esophageal stenting is a useful method for palliation of esophageal carcinoma with respiratory fistula.     

Endoscopic treatment of malignant stenosis in home care

At our institute, we have tried to increase the patient's quality of life (QOL) by endoscopic stenting for upper intestinal stenosis due to malignant tumor, which could not be treated by surgery or chemotherapy. We report the endoscopic stenting and home therapy for those patients. The subjects were 44: (esophageal stenosis: 13 cases, biliary stenosis: 31 cases) out of 60 patients who had intestinal stenosis or obstruction, which could not be treated by surgery or chemotherapy. Esophageal stenosis was treated mainly by stenting and laser cautery, and biliary stenosis was treated by drainage using stenting. The home stay period, effective treat period, life survival period, and complications were analyzed in each case. It was found that the mean home stay period, mean effective treatment period, and mean life survival period were 3.4 months, 4.0 months, and 5.5 months, respectively, with esophageal stenosis, and 3.7 months, 4.4 months, 5.5 months with biliary stenosis. Mean home stay period/life survival period was 62% in cases of esophageal stenosis, and 67% in cases of biliary stenosis. Complications were observed in 40.0% of patients with esophageal stenting and in 12.5% with biliary stenting. Esophageal stenting showed a higher incidence of complications; however improvements in the stenting instrument will reduce the number of complications. Endoscopic stenting is thus effective for upper intestinal stenosis due to malignant tumor, especially in increasing the patient's QOL when curative therapy is not indicated, and the patient stays at home. We believe patients with uncurable malignant disease should have home treatment as early as possible.     

国产自膨式镍钛记忆合金带膜食管支架的临床应用

背景与目的：晚期恶性食管狭窄、食管癌或贲门癌术后单纯吻合口狭窄、食管癌放疗后狭窄所致的进食困难甚至出现食管气管瘘、食管纵隔瘘是影响患者生存质量及生存时间的一个重要因素。如何微创、简便、有效的治疗上述食管狭窄或食管气管瘘、食管纵隔瘘一直是临床工作者研究的热点之一。本研究探讨国产自膨式镍钛记忆合金网状带膜支架治疗食管狭窄的价值和注意事项。方法：自1998年4月至2005年10月，我科采用国产自膨式镍钛记忆合金网状带膜支架治疗食管狭窄患者96例（其中食管恶性狭窄65例，包括食管气管瘘18例、食管纵隔瘘3例；食管癌或贲门癌术后单纯吻合口狭窄26例；食管癌放疗后狭窄5例），男性71例，女性25例，平均年龄70岁。所有患者均在X线辅助下行食管内支架置入术。结果：本组共置入食管内支架114枚，均一次成功，成功率100％，近期疗效满意。随访1～60个月，无一例发生支架移位，术后平均生存时间8．6个月。恶性食管狭窄行内支架置入后联合化疗，中位生存期7．4个月。本组患者术后再狭窄率38．5％，予球囊扩张或再次内支架置入治疗（再次介入治疗29．2％）。结论：食管内支架置入是恶性食管狭窄的良好的姑息性治疗手段，也适用于食管癌或贲门癌术后单纯吻合口狭窄、食管癌放疗后狭窄，有助于延长患者生存时间、提高生活质量。但如何降低食管内支架置入后的再狭窄仍有待进一步的研究。     

Self-expandable metallic stents for patients with recurrent esophageal carcinoma after failure of primary chemoradiotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Recent advances in chemoradiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma have resulted in improved survival rates. However, there are few options for recurrent dysphagia due to refractory carcinoma after failure of primary chemoradiotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of self-expandable metallic stent placement for patients with recurrent esophageal carcinoma where definitive chemoradiotherapy has failed. METHODS: Thirteen consecutive patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, in whom self-expandable metallic stents were placed after failure of primary chemoradiotherapy, were studied retrospectively. All patients had esophageal obstruction or malignant fistula. RESULTS: The oral alimentation status of nine of 13 patients (69%) improved after successful placement of the stent. Following placement of the stent, fever (>38 degrees C) and severe chest pain occurred in 85% (11/13) of the patients. In all patients examined, C-reactive protein was elevated within 1 week of the operation. Esophageal perforation occurred in three patients. Stent-related mediastinitis and pneumonia developed in six (46%) and three (23%) patients, respectively. Seven of the 13 patients (54%) died of stent-related pulmonary complications. CONCLUSION: Although the placement of a self-expandable metallic stent for patients with recurrent esophageal carcinoma after failure of chemoradiotherapy improved their oral alimentation status, we found that this treatment increases the risk of life-threatening pulmonary complications.     

食管支架植入术加放疗治疗中晚期食管癌疗效观察

目的观察食管支架植入术后加放疗治疗中晚期食管癌疗效。方法对34例中晚期食管癌患者置放钛镍合金支架,然后放疗。结果食管支架置入后解除和缓解了吞咽困难,放射治疗延长了患者的生存期,1、3年生存期分别为79．4％（27／34）和5．9％（2／34）。结论食管支架置入加放射治疗是治疗中晚期食管癌的有效手段。