Modification of the extension block Kirschner wire technique for mallet fractures

A modification of the extension block Kirschner wire technique that is used for closed reduction of mallet fractures is described. Eighteen mallet avulsion fractures of the distal phalanx treated with this modification were included in this prospective study. The fingers affected were nine small fingers, eight ring fingers, and one long finger. Surgical indications included fractures involving more than 33% of the articular surface and fractures associated with subluxation of the distal phalanx that could not be corrected by closed reduction. The average joint surface involvement was 39.8%. At followup, only one patient had pain, and that was graded as minimal. Objectively, congruous and satisfactory joint surfaces were present in 17 patients. No patient had pseudarthrosis. The average active flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint was 81.1 degrees and the average extensor lag was 1.6 degrees. Neither pin tract infections nor migration of the pins occurred. The average followup was 27.3 months. This modification increased range of motion at the distal interphalangeal joint and showed a trend toward reduced permanent extensor lag when compared with the original method. This technique should be considered when treatment of the mallet fracture is being planned using the extension block Kirschner wire technique.     

介绍一种用双克氏针阻挡指伸直治疗锤状指骨折的新技术

锤状指骨折畸形包含远端指骨基部伸肌腱伴有或不伴骨碎片的撕脱,有作者建议采用非手术疗法,认为骨可自行愈合,复位并不重要.但也有作者认为,为了防止继发性骨关节炎、活动功能丧失以及考虑美容效果等,解剖复位有利于关节面修复,尤其是在关节面受累骨折超过30％或掌侧半脱位时,因此主张手术治疗.     

Treatment of closed unstable metacarpal fractures using percutaneous transverse fixation with Kirschner wires

BACKGROUND: The vast majority of metacarpal bone fractures are stable and are treated conservatively; however, when surgical intervention is to be preferred, many different operative procedures have been described. The purpose of this prospective study was to assess the anatomic and functional outcome of percutaneous transverse fixation with Kirschner wires (K-wires) of closed metacarpal neck, shaft. and intra-articular fractures of the base of the fifth metacarpal. METHODS: Twenty-four consecutive patients with 25 closed metacarpal fractures were treated with this technique between 1999 and 2001. Under fluoroscopy, closed reduction and osteosynthesis with three K-wires, one proximally and two distally, was performed on the fracture site. All patients were reviewed clinically and radiologically after 3 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months. RESULTS: The postoperative dorsal angulation ranged from 0 to 3 degrees. No measurable metacarpal shortening was observed. Callus formation was obvious in all fractures at 6 weeks. No complications were recorded, and all patients were cosmetically and functionally satisfied. CONCLUSION: Treatment of closed metacarpal neck, shaft, and intra-articular fractures of the base of the fifth metacarpal with percutaneous transverse pinning, using two K-wires distally and one proximally, has shown excellent functional and anatomic outcome.     

Treatment of humeral shaft fractures by closed fixation using multiple intramedullary Kirschner wires

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to present the results of closed fixation of humeral shaft fractures with multiple intramedullary Kirschner wires. METHODS: Twenty-nine humeral shaft fractures in patients 14 to 60 years old were treated by closed fixation with multiple intramedullary Kirschner wires. Each patient was placed supine on the table and was administered general anesthesia. The fractured arm was held vertically up by a transolecranon traction, while the C-arm was kept parallel to the ground and opposite to the affected arm. A cortical window was created approximately 1.5 cm proximal to the olecranon fossa, after splitting the triceps. Under fluoroscopic control, multiple Kirschner wires were introduced retrograde therein, into the medullary cavity, to reach the humeral head. The wire tips were kept splayed to stabilize the fracture. Postoperatively, the limb was supported by an arm sling. RESULTS: Twenty-five fractures (86.4%) healed with excellent clinical and functional results, in an average of 11 weeks. Union was delayed in two patients, and one fracture had a nonunion after repeated trauma. Movements at the shoulder and the elbow were excellent to good in 27 patients (93%), whereas 2 patients (6.8%) had significant limitation of extension at the elbow. CONCLUSION: This technique has been found simple and effective in providing a stable fixation of transverse and short oblique fractures of the humeral diaphysis. Further study is required to evaluate this procedure in more extensive fracture patterns, as well as to compare the results with other methods of internal fixation.     

改良多枚克氏针闭合复位内固定治疗肱骨外科颈骨折

2008年6月～2011年6月,我院采用改良多枚克氏针闭合复位内固定治疗12例肱骨外科颈骨折患者,疗效满意,报道如下. 1材料与方法 1.1病例资料本组12例,男8例,女4例,年龄21 ～65岁.均为肱骨外科颈二部分骨折,骨折断端移位.均行急诊手术.     

Closed reduction of mallet fractures using extension-block Kirschner wire.

Fourteen cases of mallet fingers with a displaced large fracture fragment and/or a subluxated distal phalanx were treated by closed reduction using extension-block Kirschner wire. The follow-up evaluations took place after a mean of 9 months. The results according to Crawford's criteria were eight excellent, four good, one fair, and one poor. This technique is simple, is easier than other techniques for reduction of mallet fractures, and is associated with a low morbidity.     

切开复位克氏针内固定治疗24例Bennett骨折

Bennett骨折是第一掌骨骨折中常见的损伤之一,治疗不当常影响拇指功能, 导致手部功能障碍.我院于1998年1月至2008年4月对24例Bennett骨折患者采取切开复位、克氏针内固定治疗,取得良好疗效,手部功能恢复良好.现报告如下.     

Combined fixation with plates and transmalar Kirschner wires for zygomatic fractures

After repair of a fractured zygoma, the fixed zygoma occasionally becomes displaced. This phenomenon — generally called “relapse” — is a complication that can be prevented by fixing plural sites with plates. However, this impairs blood supply to the bone, which causes atrophy. To solve this dilemma, we developed a new concept for fixing the zygoma. Fractured zygomas are fixed by combining plate fixation at a single site with transmalar fixation with Kirschner wires. This secures stability of the fixed zygoma without impairing its blood supply. We evaluated the stability of fractured zygomas fixed by our method by doing dynamic experiments using simulation models. The stresses at the screw-bone interfaces were significantly reduced by the additional transmalar fixation with wire, indicating that zygomas fixed by our method are less likely to relapse than zygomas fixed with a single plate. We also reviewed the outcomes of patients treated by our method, which indicates its clinical usefulness.     

Pediatric olecranon fractures: open reduction and internal fixation with removable Kirschner wires and absorbable sutures

The authors present an original fixation technique for pediatric olecranon fractures that avoids reoperation to remove hardware as compared with the standard fixation technique with Kirschner wires and tension band wiring as advocated by the AO technique. The authors' technique uses two percutaneously placed Kirschner wires to fixate displaced transverse and oblique olecranon fractures. Prior to the insertion of the wires, the fracture is reduced through a standard open approach. Augmentation of the pin fixation is achieved with absorbable sutures. Six patients have been treated with this technique, with a mean follow-up of 13 months. No immediate complications have been noted; one patient has a loss of extension of 10 degrees at the elbow. Radiographic results are good, with no loss of reduction. This technique avoids the need for reoperation for hardware removal without compromising the quality of reduction.     

A new method of closed reduction using the spring action of Kirschner wires for fractures of the tibial plateau--a preliminary report

The treatment of fractures of the lateral tibial plateau is still a subject of controversy. Many authors have emphasized the importance of early mobilization of the knee joint following fractures of the tibial plateau. However, local depression fractures of the tibial plateau occur quite frequently in elderly patients and have presented many difficult problems in management. In 1982, the authors developed a new method of closed reduction using the spring action of Kirschner wires for severely displaced local depression fractures of the tibial plateau. The principle of this procedure is to apply continuous positive pressure to the depressed fragment for its reduction and retention. By re-establishing stability in the fracture, active knee mobilization can be allowed from the beginning. Seven patients were treated with this procedure, and the results of short-term follow-up, ranging from three to 26 months, were promising as to the range of motion, stability and relief of pain.     

Open reduction and screw fixation of mallet fractures

Twelve patients with mallet fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation with small screws were reviewed at an average of 31 months after surgery. The indication for surgery was a fracture involving more than one-third of the distal phalanx articular surface or with subluxation of the distal interphalangeal joint. Loss of reduction occurred in one patient and in another one screw loosened slightly without loss of reduction. There were no nail deformities, infections, or secondary procedures. The mean range of motion was from 6 degrees (range, 0-30 degrees ) (extensor lag) to 70 degrees (range, 60-90 degrees ) flexion. Ten patients had no evidence of degenerative changes, one had minor joint space narrowing and one had significant deformity. Open reduction and screw fixation with small screws can lead to satisfactory outcome in appropriate patients.     

Intramedullary fixation using multiple Kirschner wires for forearm fractures: a developing country perspective

PURPOSE: To evaluate treatment results of intramedullary fixation using multiple Kirschner wires for diaphyseal forearm fractures. METHODS: Between January 2001 and January 2004, 184 patients (122 men and 62 women) with 288 displaced diaphyseal forearm fractures underwent intramedullary fixation using multiple Kirschner wires. The wires were inserted by opening the fracture site because radiographic facility for closed pinning was unavailable. The time to union, functional recovery, and the complication rates were assessed. RESULTS: 11 patients were lost to follow-up, leaving 173 whose data was analysed. In 167 (97%) of the patients the fractures united, and in 14 (8%) of them union was delayed. The mean time to union for closed fractures was 13 (range, 7-16) weeks and for open fractures it was 15 (range, 12-22) weeks. The mean time in cast was 6 (range, 3-14) weeks. In all, 34/173 (20%) had complications: superficial infection (n=13), deep infection (n=4), cross-union between bones (n=4), open fracture 'needing' a skin graft (n=2), radial nerve palsy (n=3), paraesthesia (n=1), and non-union (n=7). Among the 173 analysed patients, the infection rate was 10% and the non-union rate was 4%. 130 (75%) of the patients had the wires removed; no re-fracture occurred after wire removal. Based on the Anderson criteria, 47 (27%) of the patients attained excellent, 78 (45%) satisfactory, and 39 (23%) unsatisfactory results. In 9 (5%) of the patients, union failed (7 plain non-union and 2 due to chronic osteomyelitis). CONCLUSION: Kirschner wires are much cheaper than plates and screws, and require minimal expertise for insertion and removal. They remain acceptable for stabilising displaced diaphyseal forearm fractures in developing countries.     

Tension wire fixation for mallet fracture after extension block pinning failed

Introduction

Various surgical treatments such as extension block pinning have been proposed for acute bony mallet finger. We evaluated the clinical results of tension wire fixation technique for the treatment of nonunion of mallet fracture after failed mallet finger surgery.

Materials and methods

Nine male patients were treated with open tension wire fixation for chronic nonunion of mallet fracture after extension block pinning surgery failed. The mean age was 29.3 years (range 18–47). We assessed bone union in simple radiographs. Crawford’s and Bischoff functional score was used to assess the functional outcome.

Results

The mean follow-up period was 45.8 months (range 18–74). Clinical and radiographic bone unions were achieved in eight of nine patients with average time of 31 days (range 23–41). Mean extension lag at final follow-up was 7° (range 0–25). Four patients showed excellent, three patients showed good and two patients showed fair results on the Crawford’s score scale. With Bischoff functional score, all patients were categorized as excellent.

Conclusions

Tension wire fixation can be a good second-line reconstructive surgery for the treatment of mallet fracture after extension block failed, so that patients can avoid arthrodesis or complex tendon transfer as a salvage procedure.     

经皮穿针闭合复位治疗儿童尺桡骨骨折

2004年3月～2008年4月,我院应用闭合穿针髓内固定治疗儿童尺桡骨骨折 60例, 取得了满意的疗效. 1 材料与方法 1.1 病例资料 本组60例,男39例,女21例,年龄5～14岁.新鲜骨折49例,陈旧性骨折(14～21 d)11例.均为闭合性骨折.骨折类型: 尺桡骨双骨折45例, 单纯尺骨骨折8例, 单纯桡骨骨折7例.不稳定骨折直接采用手术治疗41例, 手法复位失败改用手术治疗8例, 手法复位石膏固定后再次移位11例.受伤至手术时间1～21 d.     

经皮穿针闭合复位治疗儿童孟氏骨折

2004年3月-2008年4月，我院共治疗60例儿童孟氏骨折，采用微创经皮穿针手法复位治疗，获得了较满意疗效。     

闭合复位克氏针横向固定治疗第5掌骨基底骨折

目的 比较闭合复位克氏针横向固定与切开复位微型接骨板或克氏针固定治疗第5掌骨基底骨折的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2005年8月至2012年5月治疗50例伴有短缩或腕掌关节脱位的新鲜第5掌骨基底骨折患者资料,其中26例采用闭合复位固定(男22例,女4例;年龄17～41岁,平均28岁;OTA分型:A1型8例,B1型11例,C1型7例;3例伴腕掌关节脱位),24例采用切开复位固定(男21例,女3例;年龄19～46岁,平均26岁;OTA分型:A1型11例,B1型8例,C1型5例;伴腕掌关节脱位2例;微型接骨板固定7例,交叉克氏针固定17例).采用中华医学会手指总主动活动度(TAM)评价关节活动范围.结果 闭合复位组手术时间14～33 min,平均(23±13) min;治疗费用2018～2995元,平均(2673±334)元.切开复位组手术时间45～105 min,平均(57±20) min;治疗费用3874～4793元,平均(4138±416)元.闭合复位组23例获得6～26个月(平均16.5个月)随访,骨折均解剖复位,骨折愈合时间4～7周,平均4.9周;TAM评价,优15例,良6例,可2例,优良率91.3％(21/23).切开复位组22例获得6～21个月(平均15.3个月)随访,骨折均解剖复位,骨折愈合时间4～8周,平均5.8周;TAM评价,优13例,良7例,可2例,优良率90.9％ (20/22).结论 闭合复位克氏针横向固定治疗第5掌骨基底骨折,操作简便,固定可靠,疗效满意;手术时间短,治疗费用低.