术中瞬时血流监测在体外和非体外循环下冠脉搭桥中的应用

目的评价瞬时血流监测(TTFM)在冠脉搭桥(coronary artery bypass graft,CABG)中的应用价值。方法60例冠脉搭桥患者随机分为体外循环组(on-pump coronary artery bypass graft,CCABG组)和非体外循环组(off-pump coronary artery bypass graft,OPCAB组),每组30例。搭桥完毕,循环稳定(体外循环组撤除体外循环)后,分别测量各移植桥血管的血流量和血流比值,并记录其波形和心电图。结果两组患者按计划完成手术,无手术死亡者,未发生严重并发症,OPCAB组中无中途转为体外循环者;搭桥数:CCABG组121支,OPCAB组108支。两组患者各桥血管的血流量及血流指数间差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论TTFM有助于CABG术中准确判断吻合桥的通畅情况;体外循环和非体外循环下冠脉移植均可取得满意的吻合口通畅程度。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术中旁路通畅性的评价

目的 探讨即时血流测量技术评估冠状动脉旁路通畅性的应用特点。方法 分析272例接受冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)患者的临床资料,术中共654根旁路应用即时血流测量技术进行流量测定,将血流量及血流波形存储在即时血流测量仪中。应用血流测量仪输出的关键值判断桥血管是否需要重新吻合。结果 对251例乳内动脉前降支旁路流量测定,平均血流量为(28.1±19.1)ml/min,搏动指数(PI值)2.96±2.05;对403根静脉旁路流量测定,其中对角支33根,平均血流量(34.3±28.6)ml/min,PI值2.18±0.63;钝缘支184根,平均血流量(37.6±27.9)ml/min,PI值3.05±2.12;右冠状动脉184根,平均血流量(36.2±24.2)ml/min,Pl值2.9±1.8。弥漫病变血管旁路血流量小,常规体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(cCABG)组回旋支序贯旁路远端吻合口多,血流量较非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)组高。5例由于血液波形不满意拆除后进行了再次搭桥。结论 即时血流测量技术非常适合术中判断冠状动脉旁路通畅性。     

体外与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术对左主干病变患者桥血管的影响

目的 比较不同手术方式对左主干病变桥血管的影响.方法 选取我院2010年1月-2011年12月因冠心病左主干病变而接受手术治疗的患者132例,男性98例,女性34例,平均年龄(63.5±8.6)岁.按手术方法分为:体外循环组(on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,CCABG)及非体外循环组(off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,OPCAB).CCABG组70例,共搭桥219支,乳内动脉(left internal mammary artery,LIMA)桥70支,大隐静脉(saphenous vein,SV)桥149支.OPCAB组62例,共搭桥181支,乳内动脉桥62支,大隐静脉桥119支.术中应用即时血流仪(transit-time flow meter,TTFM)测量桥血管血流量、搏动指数(pulsatility index,PI)及血流波形.结果 两组患者术前一般资料差异无统计学意义.术中桥血流测量:乳内动脉-前降支桥血流量CCABG组为(27.3±16.5)ml/min,OPCAB 组为(27.7±18.7)ml/min(P=0.812);两组PI值分别为3.1±1.6及3.0±1.8(P=0.312),差异均无统计学意义.大隐静脉-回旋支桥血流量CCABG组为(37.3±3.4)ml/min,OPCAB组为(35.0±5.6)ml/min(P=0.086);两组PI值分别为2.9±1.5及3.0±1.7(P=0.675),差异无统计学意义.结论 对于左主干病变的患者,不论行CCABG或OPCAB,对桥血管及吻合口的质量无影响,均可达到满意的再血管化.     

瞬时流量测定技术在冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用

目的探讨瞬时流量测定(TTFM)技术在冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)中探查移植血管血流通畅程度的应用价值,并分析其测定结果的相关影响因素。方法对行单纯冠状动脉旁路移植手术120例患者共383根血管桥应用瞬时流量测定(TTFM)测定。结果 383根血管桥中存在明显质量问题4根,均进行外科处理予以纠正。结论 TTFM在判断CABG移植血管通畅状态中有明确的诊断价值,其能帮助外科医生即时诊断相关的技术错误,提高CABG围手术期成功率。     

冠状动脉不同狭窄程度的竞争血流对旁路移植乳房内动脉血管桥血流的影响

目的：研究冠状动脉不同狭窄程度的竞争血流对旁路移植乳房内动脉（IMA）血管桥血流的影响。方法：选用中华小型猪，建立猪冠状动脉分流术（CABG）后IMA桥血管竞争血流动物模型，在冠状动脉左前降支（LAD）近端不同狭窄情况下，用即时血流检测仪（TTFM）分别测量LAD吻合口近端、远端、左侧乳房内动脉（LIMA）桥血流量及方向、波形、搏动指数（PI）值，并进行对比分析。结果：LAD近端完全开放、30％、50％、75％、90％狭窄、全部闭塞时LIMA桥平均血流量分别为(9.75±1.45)、(11.63±1.69)、(15.63±2.26、(19.75±2.37)、(23.50±2.34)和（26.75±2.11）ml/min；PI值分别为4.4±1.7、4.1±1.6、4.2±1.9、3.7±1.8、3.3±1.6、2.5±1.4。LAD近端90％狭窄及全部闭塞时LIMA桥的血流量均明显高于LAD近端完全开放、30％狭窄、50％狭窄时的血流量(P<0.01)，各组PI值相比，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。LAD近端未完全闭塞时LIMA血管桥均可出现双向血流，LAD近端各种狭窄程度LAD远端血流量差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：冠状动脉竞争血流确实存在。来自未完全闭塞冠状动脉的竞争血流造成的桥血流量减少和血流方向改变可能是造成CABG术后早、中期IMA血管桥衰坏的重要因素。     

IABP对CABG术中乳内动脉旁路血流量的影响

目的研究IABP对CABG术中LIMA-LAD血流量的影响,以观察IABP的辅助效能。方法回顾60例IABP辅助下行CABG手术患者,术中使用TTFM直接测量并记录LIMA-LAD旁路血流波形曲线及PI值,分别记录反搏前后的旁路平均流量,进行自身对比研究。结果左乳内动脉旁路灌注呈现舒张期为主的单相灌注曲线。在未使用IABP时,LIMA-LAD旁路平均血流量为(30.15±10.30)mL/min,PI值为(2.89±0.81)。使用IABP后,旁路的平均血流量增加为(36.38±12.87)mL/min(P<0.01),PI值升高为(3.12±0.67)(P=0.184)。使用IABP可使LIMA-LAD旁路血流量增加约20.5%。结论IABP可显著增加LIMA-LAD旁路的血流灌注。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中大隐静脉单支桥和序贯桥的血流分析

目的:分析非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)中大隐静脉(SV)单支桥和序贯桥的血流情况以及靶血管位置对血流的影响。方法:对2006年2月至2010年2月接受单一OPCAB手术的412例患者的464支SV桥进行回顾性分析,其中单支桥206支,双支序贯桥241支,三支序贯桥15支。比较SV单支、双支及三支桥的平均血流及搏动指数,以及单支与双支桥在不同靶血管上的血流情况。结果:SV双支和三支序贯桥的血流高于单支桥[分别为(43.4±22.5),(43.7±19.2)和(28.9±18.7)mL/min,P<0.001,P=0.047],双支和三支序贯桥之间无明显差别(P=0.96)。三者之间的搏动指数(PI)值无显著差异(分别为2.6±1.2,2.5±1.6,2.8±0.9,P=0.49)。以右冠主干为靶血管的SV单支桥血流高于后降支(P=0.047)和左室后支(P=0.042),收缩期血流时间高于对角支(P=0.003)、钝圆支(P=0.013)和后降支(P=0.002),而PI值低于后降支(P=0.033)和左室后支(P=0.032)。以对角支为靶血管的单支桥血流小于除左室后支外的其他冠状动脉分支(均P<0.05),以后降支-左室后支为靶血管的SV桥收缩期血流量显著低于以后降支-对角支和后降支-钝圆支为靶血管的SV桥。结论:SV双支和三支序贯桥的平均血流约为单支桥的1.5倍,对角支血流小于除左室后支外的其他冠状动脉分支。     

弥漫性冠状动脉病变心肌血运重建的外科治疗

目的 回顾性分析弥漫性冠状动脉病变患者在非体外循环下行冠状动脉内膜剥脱加搭桥术重建心肌血运的治疗方法和经验,探讨其安全性与有效性.方法 2003年10月至2008年12月,在非体外循环下,对177例弥漫性冠状动脉病变患者、共229支病变血管于冠状动脉最硬处远端且距离剥脱远端≥2 cm处行切口,进行内膜剥脱,再用乳内动脉或大隐静脉行旁路血管移植术.结果 术中桥血流测定显示215支血管血流满意(93.9%),桥血流量(27±12)ml/min;14支欠满意,桥血流量(7±4)ml/min.术后6例发生围手术期心肌梗死(3.4%),其中3例无明显心脏血流动力学改变,3例发生低心排血量综合征,经主动脉内球囊反搏辅助治疗后好转出院.98例在术后3～40个月复查冠状动脉造影,显示桥血管均通畅.结论 非体外循环下冠状动脉内膜剥脱后再行搭桥术,对于弥漫性冠状动脉病变心肌血运重建是一种安全、有效的治疗方法.     

右冠状动脉狭窄程度与大隐静脉桥平均血流量及搏动指数的相关性

目的  了解体外循环下冠状动脉旁路术(CCABG)中右冠状动脉(RCA)狭窄程度与大隐静脉(SV)桥血流量的相关性。方法  将行CCABG治疗的89例患者按RCA狭窄程度 (<75％、75％～95％、>95％)分为3组,A组15例、B组53例、C组21例,常规用SV与RCA吻合,吻合完毕,得血流动力学稳定后用即时超声血流探测仪直接测量并记录SV桥血流波形、平均流量、搏动指数(PI)及平均动脉压,进行SV血流量的对比研究。结果  C组SV桥平均血流量(43.8±19.1)mL／min,显著高于A组(26.3±12.8) mL／min和B组(35.6±17.0)mL／min(P<0.01);B组SV桥平均血流量大于A组(P<0.01);C组PI值(1.72±0.81)小于其他两组(P<0.01),B组PI值小于A组［(2.9±0.98)vs(3.8±1.4),P<0.05］;3组间平均动脉压差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论  CCABG中,RCA狭窄程度越高,SV桥血流量越大,PI值越小。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中桥血管血流对术后近中期预后的影响

目的:对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pump coronary artery bypass,OPCAB)中测定的血流资料和术后近中期结果进行分析,探讨两者间的相关性。方法:回顾性收集2013年1月至2016年6月在北京大学人民医院行单纯OPCAB手术的患者资料,分析并对比患者术中测定的血流指标、术后早期临床事件及术后随访资料。术后早期临床事件包括围手术期心肌梗死、主动脉内球囊反搏(intra-aortic balloon pump,IABP)使用、再次手术、新发心房颤动及院内死亡。结果:共463例患者纳入研究,平均年龄(62.80±8.36)岁,其中女性115例(24.8%),平均吻合桥血管(3.10±0.81)支,共1 435支桥血管,术中血流测定结果显示移植血管平均血流量(mean flow,MF)为(32.34±14.45) mL/min,搏动指数(pulsatility index,PI)为2.87±0.92。23例(5%)患者发生围手术期心肌梗死,IABP使用者11例,术后30 d死亡患者4例。围手术期心肌梗死组的桥血管MF低于无心肌梗死组,而PI高于无心肌梗死组(P<0.05)。其他术后早期临床事件组间比较,其MF、PI值差异均无统计学意义。Logistic回归分析显示移植血管低MF(Wald=5.684,P=0.017,95%CI:0.894~0.989)、高PI(Wald=9.040,P=0.003,95%CI:1.252~2.903)是围手术期心肌梗死的危险因素。随访最长时间37个月,共7例患者死亡,死亡组与生存组间术中血流指标差异均无统计学意义。与动脉桥正常血流组比较,低MF组(MF<10 mL/min)随访期间死亡率较高,差异有统计学意义(OR=9.6,P<0.05)。结论:移植血管低MF、高PI会增加围手术期心肌梗死发生率,动脉桥MF<10 mL/min 会增加患者术后中期死亡率,但仍需进一步研究证实,术中血流测定技术对OPCAB术后近中期结果有一定的预测价值。     

Comparative study of graft flow between on-pump and off-pump coronary bypass surgery for patients with multivessel coronary artery disease

Objective： To Comparatively study grafts flow between on-pump and off-pump coronary bypass surgery for patients with triple coronary artery disease. Methods ： The grafts flow was studied in 100 patients of OPCAB and compared with 100 cases of CCABG by means of Medi-Stim Butterfly Flowmeter measurement intraoperatively. Results： The mean number of the distal anastomosis was 3.78＋ 1.11 in CCABG group, and 3.83 ＋ 0.93 in OPCAB group. The index of completeness of revascularization in CCABG group was 1.01 ＋ 0.08, and 1.10＋ 0.09 in OPCAB group. The flow of grafts was satisfied in all patients. The PI values were all under 5. There was no significant difference in the mean graft flow and PI value between two groups. Conclusion： OPCAB can provide the same grafts flow and similar completeness of revascularization when compared with CCABG which indicates the similar anastomosis quality of grafts in OPCAB and CCABG groups.     

Graft patency in off-pump and conventional coronary artery bypass grafting for treatment of triple vessel coronary disease

Inanattempttoavoidthedeleteriouseffectsofcardiopulmonarybypass (CPB) ,off pumpcoronarybypasssurgeryhasrecentlybeenrediscoveredandrefined Overthepastdecade ,theuseofoff pumporbeating heartcoronaryarterybypass (OPCAB)surgeryhassincebecomemorepopularandwidelyused Intriplevesseldisease ,accesstothelateralandposteriorwallvesselstofacilitatecompleterevascularizationevolved ,accompaniedbytechnicaladvancesintheinstrumentationforstabilizationoftheheart Multiplepreviousauthorshavereportedaseriesofoff…     

Off-pump sequential bilateral internal mammary artery grafting combined with selective arterialization of the coronary venous system

Background  Off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB) has been widely applied in recent years as a less invasive method of myocardial revascularization. This study evaluated the sequential bilateral internal mammary artery grafting combined with selective arterialization of the coronary venous system during OPCAB.

Methods  From April 2004 to August 2010, patients with diffuse right coronary lesions were studied retrospectively and divided into two groups. Group 1 included seventeen patients who underwent this surgery while group 2 included twenty-one patients without right coronary artery surgical therapy. All patients presented with symptoms of angina. Blood flow of bridged vessels was measured. The perioperative ventricular parameters including left ventricular ejection fraction and end diastolic diameter were compared. During follow-up, myocardial nuclide imaging and coronary angiography were carried out.

Results  Off-pump coronary artery bypass was performed with an average of 3.6 grafts per patient. Hospital mortality was zero. At the time of follow-up, the patients in group 1 recovered better than in group 2 (P <0.05). In both groups, the mean New York Heart Association (NYHA) class and ejection fraction increased significantly (P <0.001) and the mean left ventricular end-diastolic diameter decreased significantly (P <0.05). Myocardial blood supply of inferior wall in group 1 was obviously improved by myocardial nuclide imaging. Coronary angiography for eight patients in group 1 verified that there was blood flow to myocardium in the arterialized vein.

Conclusions  Sequential bilateral internal mammary artery grafting combined with selective arterialization of the coronary venous system can be performed during OPCAB. A postoperative improvement in the cardiac functions and the quality of life was documented, increasing our expectation for extensive application.

     

非体外循环下左乳内动脉序贯吻合的流量测定与临床应用

目的探讨非体外循环下左乳内动脉序贯法冠状动脉旁路移植的可行性,为该技术的临床应用提供理论依据。方法2006年3月至2008年2月接受非体外循环下左乳内动脉冠状动脉旁路移植的患者72例,其中利用左乳内动脉序贯吻合者36例(A组);左乳内动脉仅与左前降支做端侧吻合者36例(B组)。吻合完毕,待循环稳定后,利用即时血流检测仪进行左乳内动脉旁路血管的流量测定。运用SPSS10.0软件对相关数据进行统计学处理及分析。结果A组患者左乳内动脉序贯旁路移植后,主干平均血流为（31±5.6）mL/min,搏动指数（PI）为2.0±0.3;B组左乳内动脉与前降支旁路移植后主干平均血流为(21±2.8)mL/min,PI为2.7±0.4;两组差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.01)。结论左乳内动脉既能满足前降支、对角支和中间支甚至更广泛区域缺血心肌的血供需求,又能保证冠状动脉旁路的动脉化,提高远期通畅率。     

非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术临床分析（附11例报告）

（1）目的 总结探讨11例非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术（OPCAB）的经验。（2）方法 2001年6－12月对11例冠心患采用非体外循环心脏不停跳方法完成冠状动脉搭桥术。（3）结果 共搭桥35支，平均3．17支／例，其中左乳内动脉桥8支，大隐静脉桥27支。6例患（54．5％）未血，无手术死亡及并发症。（4）结论 非体外循环搭桥术克服了体外循环搭桥术（CABG）的诸多缺点和弊端，手术简化，时间缩短，适应证扩大，并发症明显减少，效果满意。     

Off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery for the treatment of left main with triple coronary artery disease

Objective:To obtain early results of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting(OPCAB) in patients with significant left main coro- nary artery(LMCA) and triple vessels stenosis by comparing with those of a similar group undergoing conventional coronary artery bypass surgery(CCAB). Methods:Data for patients with significant LMCA and triple vessels stenosis who underwent CCAB or OPCAB were collected retrospectively between January 1999 and May 2006. Non-randomized, retrospective data analysis included demo- graphic and preoperative risk factors, operative details, clinical outcome and early follow-up. Results: The number of distal anastomo- sis and grafts varied from 3 to 6. The average number per patient was similar in the two groups (OPCAB group:3.76± 0.98, CCAB group:3.81± 1.02). Thirty-day mortality occurred to one patient in the OPCAB group whereas two early deaths were observed in the CCAB group but did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). The frequency of atrial fibrillation (AF), IABP usage, mediastinitis, re-operation for bleeding (or tamponade) were similar in the two groups (P > 0.05). Postoperative inotropic requirements, peak CK- MB, ventilation time, blood loss, FFP, RBC transfusion need and the length of ICU-stay were all significantly lower in the OPCAB group compared with CCAB group(P < 0.05).Conclusion: Significant LMCA and triple-vessel stenosis can safely and effectively undergo myocardial revascularization using OPCAB surgery. LMCA should no longer be seen as a contraindication to perform OPCAB grafting.     

Is the use of cardiopulmonary bypass for isolated coronary artery bypass an independent predictor of mortality and morbidity in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction?

Background Patients presenting with severe left ventricular dysfunction （SLVD） undergoing conventional coronary artery bypass grafting （CCABG） are at an increased risk of perioperative mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors responsible for mortality and morbidity among patients with SLVD by comparing CCABG and oft-pump coronary artery bypass surgery （OPCAB）.
Methods We retrospectively evaluated 186 consecutive patients with SLVD who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting （CABG）, including 102 by CCABG and 84 by OPCAB. Registry database, medical notes, and charts were studied for preoperative and postoperative data of the patients. Different variables and risk factors （preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative） were evaluated and compared. The morbidity and mortality outcomes were compared in the two groups. The follow-up results and quality of life were assessed after surgery.
Results The two groups had similar percentage of patients with preoperative high-risk profiles and no significant differences were found between groups in baseline variables such as age or comorbidities. There was a significant difference in the number of grafts used between the two groups. CCABG patients received （3.6±0.5） grafts per patient, while OPCAB patients had （2.7±0.6） grafts （P 〈0.05）. Completeness of revascularization was also significantly different between the two groups （CCABG 91.1% vs OPCAB 73.8%, P 〈0.05）. The hospital mortality was similar in the two groups （4.8% in OPCAB vs 5.9% in CCABG）. The risk-adjusted mortality, according to the calculated propensity score, did not reach statistical significance in the two groups. In this study, OPCAB seemed to have a beneficial effect on reducing reoperation for bleeding, blood transfusion requirement, and the length of stay at ICU. But the incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction was more common in the off-pump group （P 〈0.05）. The degree of improvement in angina and qual