糖尿病合并急性脑卒中并发医院获得性肺炎的临床特征和危险因素

目的探讨糖尿病合并急性脑卒中患者并发医院获得性肺炎(HAP)的临床特征和危险因素。方法选取2010年1月-2014年12月入住中山大学附属第一医院神经内科糖尿病合并急性脑卒中并发HAP患者59例为肺炎组,随机选择同期住院未并发肺炎的糖尿病合并急性脑卒中患者72例作为对照组。分析两组患者临床特征,统计临床检查结果,运用Logistic回归分析糖尿病合并急性脑卒中患者并发HAP的独立危险因素。结果与对照组相比,肺炎组的年龄、住院天数、吞咽困难、胃管进食、意识障碍、瘫痪发生率及房颤病史患病率水平升高,格拉斯哥(GCS)评分降低,两组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);肺炎组白细胞总数、中性粒细胞百分比、血糖、尿素氮、纤维蛋白原(Fbg)水平高于非肺炎组,同型半胱氨酸水平低于非肺炎组,两组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果表明吞咽困难、意识障碍、房颤病史、白细胞总数、Fbg表达水平与糖尿病合并急性脑卒中患者并发HAP密切相关。结论吞咽苦难、意识障碍、白细胞总数及Fbg水平升高、房颤既往病史是糖尿病合并急性脑卒中患者并发HAP的独立危险因素。     

卒中相关性肺炎的临床特点及危险因素分析

目的分析卒中相关性肺炎的临床特点及危险因素。方法回顾性分析806例急性脑卒中患者的临床数据,探讨卒中相关性肺炎的危险因素及病原学等特点。结果卒中相关性肺炎发生率为20.3%,病原体以G-菌为主。卒中相关性肺炎独立危险因素为：年龄〉70岁、糖尿病、房颤、缺血性心脏病、卒中史、出血性脑卒中、小脑/脑干卒中、意识障碍程度、吞咽障碍、入院NHISS评分、抗凝、鼻饲、胃黏膜保护剂、气管切开/插管。结论卒中相关性肺炎是脑卒中患者病情加重的重要原因,应针对其临床特点及危险因素进行有效预防和控制。     

脑卒中与H型高血压动脉血管狭窄的临床相关性研究

目的探讨缺血性脑卒中与伴高同型半胱氨酸血症的原发性高血压(H型高血压)动脉血管狭窄的临床相关性。方法选取原发性高血压合并急性缺血性脑卒中动脉血管狭窄患者365例作为研究对象,分析H型高血压与缺血性脑卒中及动脉粥样硬化的相关性。结果 (1)MT增厚在HHcy组较单纯高血压组更为显著;颈动脉不稳定斑块发生率HHcy组较单纯高血压组更高,HHcy组的血清Hcy水平与IMT呈正相关;(2)高血压和缺血性脑卒中血管狭窄程度有关联,不同血管狭窄程度间同型半胱氨酸水平进行比较,H型高血压与血管狭窄部位无明显相关性。结论高血压、同型半胱氨酸均为引起血管狭窄的独立危险因素,且随着血压及同型半胱氨酸的增高,血管狭窄程度也逐渐增高,高血压和高同型半胱氨酸血症具有协同作用。     

房颤对急性缺血性脑卒中严重程度和早期死亡的影响

目的 评估房颤和急性缺血性脑卒中的严重程度和早期死亡的相关性。方法将纳入的86例急性缺血性脑卒中患者分成房颤组(40例)和非房颤组(46例),按照美国国立卫生研究院健康卒中评分(NIHSS)标准,比较两组患者的分值,平均住院日,早期死亡率,用多因素Logistic回归分析房颤和急性缺血性脑卒中的严重程度和早期死亡之间的关系。结果房颤组的NIHSS评分、平均住院日和早期死亡率明显高于非房颤组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,男性、高龄、房颤是严重急性缺血性脑卒中的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。男性、高龄、糖尿病、房颤和高NIHSS分值是早期死亡相关的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论房颤是急性缺血性卒中患者严重中风和早期死亡的相关危险因素,评估和干预房颤高危人群对预防急性缺血性卒中极为重要。     

浅谈脑卒中急性期的缸压管理

脑卒中是急性脑循环障碍所致的局限或全面性脑功能缺损综合征或称急性脑血管病事件,包括缺血性脑卒中和出血性脑卒中。高血压、心脏病、糖尿病、吸烟、高脂血症、高同型半胱氨酸血症是脑卒中的危险因素,而高血压是最重要和独立的危险因素,约70％的卒中患者患有高血压。     

急性脑卒中后并发肺部感染的现况调查及危险因素探讨

目的调查脑卒中后急性期肺部感染发生率,并探讨并发肺部感染的危险因素。方法采用多中心、横断面调查研究设计,收集2017年9月至2018年10月我市3家综合医院急性脑卒中(包括脑梗死和脑出血)患者,依据卒中相关性肺炎诊治中国专家共识组制定的临床诊断标准诊断肺部感染,计算卒中后急性期肺部感染患病率,采用多元logistic回归分析筛选卒中后急性期肺部感染的危险因素。结果:共调查2654例急性脑脑卒中患者,其中脑出血716例,脑梗死1938例,共289例并发肺部感染,发生率10.89%,脑出血组发生率为9.49%(68/716),脑梗死组发生率11.40%(221/1938);多因素Logistic分析发现年龄高、院前依赖、心房颤动、NIHSS评分高、意识障碍、吞咽障碍、机械通气是脑卒中患者并发肺部感染的独立预测因素。结果与结论急性脑卒中后肺部感染多发生于老年患者,有院前依赖、心房颤动、NIHSS评分高、意识障碍、吞咽障碍、机械通气患者肺部感染的危险性高     

老年脑卒中患者医院感染的临床特征与影响因素分析

目的探讨老年脑卒中患者医院感染的临床特征及危险因素。方法收集1406例老年脑卒中患者的临床资料,根据是否发生医院感染分为感染组（284例）和非感染组（1122例）,分析感染组患者的感染特征,并应用logistic回归对医院感染进行多因素分析。结果感染组患者送检标本分离出351株病原菌[革兰阴性菌221株（63.0%）;革兰阳性菌130株（37.0%）],以呼吸道、泌尿系统多见。感染组患者年龄、NIHSS评分、糖尿病、吸烟史、意识障碍、吞咽困难、低蛋白血症、侵入性操作、使用质子泵抑制剂者所占比例大于非感染组,住院天数多于非感染组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或0.01）,其中高龄、吸烟史、意识障碍、吞咽困难、NIHSS评分高、低蛋白血症、侵入性操作是神经内科老年脑卒中患者医院感染发生的独立危险因素（均P＜0.05）。结论老年脑卒中患者医院感染发生率高,高龄、吸烟史、意识障碍、吞咽困难、NIHSS评分高、低蛋白血症、侵入性操作是神经内科老年脑卒中患者医院感染发生的危险因素,应充分重视这些影响因素,尽可能减少医院感染的发生率。     

脑卒中相关性肺炎的危险因素分析

目的:探讨脑卒中相关性肺炎(SAP)的相关危险因素,为预防并控制SAP提供依据。方法:回顾性分析2013年1-12月宁夏医科大学总医院神经内科702例急性脑卒中患者的临床资料,依据是否并发SAP,分为SAP组和非SAP组,用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析SAP的相关危险因素。结果:单因素分析显示卒中类型、性别、年龄、房颤、高胆固醇血症、低蛋白血症、意识障碍、吞咽障碍、鼻饲治疗、使用抑酸剂、使用脱水剂、气管插管/切开、使用呼吸机、住院天数等均与SAP有关(P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示年龄≥65岁、低蛋白血症、意识障碍、吞咽障碍、鼻饲治疗、使用抑酸剂、脱水治疗、住院日≥14 d是SAP的危险因素。结论:SAP严重影响脑卒中预后,对其危险因素进行干预,可以降低SAP的发生。     

并发肺部感染缺血性脑卒中患者临床及中医特征分析

目的:探讨并发肺部感染的缺血性脑卒中患者临床特点及中医学特征。方法:2011年5月—2012年3月住院治疗的急性缺血性脑卒中患者共161例,按照是否合并肺部感染分为研究组(感染组)及对照组(非感染组),其中研究组54例,对照组107例。比较两组患者危险因素、临床表现、中医证型和舌象,并通过相关性分析研究脑卒中并发肺部感染的相关因素。结果:1从临床特点角度:研究组高龄(≥80岁)、房颤、消化系统疾病史、语言障碍、吞咽困难、不自主运动、肢体瘫痪及排便障碍的比例较对照组显著高,与对照组比较,研究组入院时NIHSS显著高,BI及日常生活不依赖(MRS≤3)患者比例显著低;2从中医学特征角度:研究组阴虚风动型患者比例显著高于对照组,气虚血瘀型患者比例明显低于对照组,研究组无苔患者比例显著多于对照组;3多因素logistic回归分析发现,高龄(≥80岁)、房颤、消化系统病史、吞咽困难、NIHSS是并发肺部感染的独立危险因素(P0.05),其OR值依次为3.221、4.984、4.105、3.34、2.296。结论:缺血性脑卒中并发肺部感染与高龄(≥80岁)、房颤史、消化系统疾病史、吞咽障碍、NIHSS显著相关;而脑梗死并发肺部感染患者中,阴虚风动型及无苔患者比例高,气虚血瘀型患者比例低。     

高同型半胱氨酸血症及卒中危险因素的研究

目的:了解高同型半胱氨酸血症及卒中的危险因素,并探讨两者之间的关系。方法:收集441例急性脑梗死、脑出血患者及243例非卒中患者的临床资料,以Logistic回归方法分析高同型半胱氨酸血症及卒中的危险因素。结果:高同型半胱氨酸血症的危险因素主要是年龄、高血压、吸烟及男性(均P<0.05);卒中的危险因素主要是年龄、高血压、糖尿病、吸烟(均P<0.05)。结论:年龄、高血压、吸烟是高同型半胱氨酸血症和卒中共同的危险因素,三者均是动脉粥样硬化公认的危险因素,因此,高同型半胱氨酸血症可能与卒中一样,均是动脉粥样硬化的后续表现,而不是卒中的致病因素。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.