足底内侧皮瓣的应用解剖及修复足跟组织缺损的临床应用

目的 报道带神经血管蒂足底内侧皮瓣的解剖特点及修复足跟缺损的应用效果.方法 10具成年人体标本(20侧下肢),解剖观测其足底内侧动脉起源、分支、走行和分布以及该皮瓣的支配神经情况.临床应用带神经血管蒂足底内侧皮瓣修复同侧及对侧足跟皮肤缺损8例,供区植皮.结果 足底内侧动脉深支平均长度(8.9±0.2)cm,3～5条皮支.足底内侧神经的分支5～8支.它包含分布足底皮肤直接皮支3～5支和分布足趾皮肤的趾底固有神经2～4支.8例共用8个皮瓣.皮瓣大小为4 cm×3 cm～5 cm×6 cm,6例带蒂转移修复,2例游离移植.8个皮瓣完全成活,所有病例获随访1个月～1年,皮瓣功能、外形良好.结论 足底内侧皮瓣解剖变异少,血供可靠,不牺牲主要血管,转移后能恢复较好的感觉,是修复足跟皮肤缺损的理想皮瓣     

Coverage of heel defects by musculocutaneous and fasciocutaneous flap based on medial plantar neurovascular bundle

Summary Five musculocutaneous flaps based on the medial plantar neurovascular bundle were used for complete loss of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the heel and three fasciocutaneous flaps for its partial loss. All flaps survived completely. These flaps had good sensitivity and resisted weight-bearing conditions. The patients have been free from recurrent ulceration in the heel and have had no difficulties with walking.[/ab]     

足底内侧岛状皮瓣联合腹股沟游离皮瓣修复足跟部软组织缺损

目的探讨足底内侧岛状皮瓣联合腹股沟游离皮瓣修复足跟部皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2015年10月至2020年12月榆林市第二医院烧伤整形手足外科收治的足跟部皮肤软组织缺损患者的临床资料。患者经急诊清创或扩创后,应用足底内侧岛状皮瓣修复足跟部创面,腹股沟游离皮瓣修复足底内侧供区创面,腹股沟供区直接缝合。术后观察皮瓣血运及存活、皮瓣供区愈合情况,并对足跟外形与功能恢复情况进行随访。结果共纳入8例患者,男7例,女1例,年龄20~71岁,平均32.2岁。其中5例为足跟外伤,1例足跟鳞状细胞癌,1例足跟冻伤,1例足跟溃疡。足跟部创面面积4 cm×3 cm~7 cm×6 cm。手术过程顺利,足跟岛状皮瓣及腹股沟皮瓣切取范围较足跟创面扩大0.5~1.0 cm。8例患者术后皮瓣血运良好,创面均一期愈合。术后随访3~12个月,所有患者足跟弹性佳,外形无臃肿,耐磨、耐压,感觉及行走功能满意;足底内侧供区无凹陷,无瘢痕增生及挛缩,无局部皮肤溃疡;腹股沟供区仅见线性瘢痕。结论足底内侧岛状皮瓣联合腹股沟游离皮瓣修复足跟部缺损,足部外观及功能恢复良好,效果满意。     

三种皮瓣修复足跟部恶性黑色素瘤术后缺损的疗效比较

目的比较逆行腓肠神经营养皮瓣、足底内侧皮瓣和胫后动脉逆行皮瓣修复足跟部恶性黑色素瘤切除后软组织缺损的疗效,分析各皮瓣优缺点。方法回顾分析2007年3月-2010年3月24例采用皮瓣修复恶性黑色素瘤切除后足跟部缺损患者的临床资料,其中12例采用范围为8 cm×7 cm～14 cm×12 cm的逆行腓肠神经营养皮瓣修复(A组),7例采用范围为6 cm×5 cm～8 cm×7 cm的足底内侧皮瓣修复(B组),5例采用范围为9 cm×7 cm～15 cm×13 cm的胫后动脉逆行皮瓣修复(C组)。3组患者性别、年龄、病程、临床分期、病变直径等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。术中供区直接拉拢缝合或游离植皮修复。结果 3组手术时间及术中出血量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后皮瓣及植皮均顺利成活,创面均Ⅰ期愈合;供区植皮均成活,切口Ⅰ期愈合。所有患者均获随访,随访时间1～3年。皮瓣质地、颜色等均正常,无继发性溃疡发生。术后1年A、B、C组皮瓣感觉恢复率分别为0、100%、20%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。患者足跟部外形基本正常,A组10例(83%),B组6例(86%),C组4例(80%)可不负重无痛行走,组间比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=40.000,P=0.135)。但负重行走时患足均伴不同程度疼痛,3组疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组患侧踝关节活动度比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组1例术后1个月伤口周围肿瘤复发,其余患者均无复发。结论采用逆行腓肠神经营养皮瓣、足底内侧皮瓣和胫后动脉逆行皮瓣修复足跟部恶性黑色素瘤切除后软组织缺损,均可获得较好疗效,但对缺损范围较小者首选足底内侧皮瓣。     

股前外侧游离皮瓣修复足跟大面积软组织缺损

目的探讨股前外侧游离皮瓣移植修复足跟大面积创伤性软组织缺损的临床效果。方法1997年10月至2005年3月，应用股前外侧游离皮瓣移植修复足跟大面积软组织缺损26例，将旋股外侧动脉降支及其伴行静脉分别与胫后动静脉吻合，并将股外侧皮神经与隐神经或腓肠神经吻合，使皮瓣具有感觉功能，并将阔筋膜缝合固定于跟骨以增加皮瓣稳定性。结果移植皮瓣全部成活，创面一期愈合，经3个月至4年的随访，皮瓣感觉部分恢复，足跟外形与稳定性良好。结论股前外侧游离皮瓣供区隐蔽，血供丰富，可切取范围大，特别是带有感觉神经和阔筋膜，修复足跟耐磨、稳定性好，是修复足跟大面积软组织缺损的理想皮瓣。     

带外踝后腓动脉穿支的V-Y推进皮瓣修复儿童足跟后区较小创面

目的 探讨带外踝后腓动脉穿支的V-Y推进皮瓣修复儿童跟后区较小创面的方法及疗效.方法 2012年3月至2014年1月,收治9例儿童足跟后区较小软组织缺损,采用近创面带外踝后腓动脉穿支为蒂的V-Y推进皮瓣移位修复,皮瓣大小为8.0 cm×4.0 cm ～9.0 cm×4.5 cm,供区直接拉拢缝合.结果 术后皮瓣血运好,完全成活,创面一期愈合;供区切口一期愈合.患儿均获随访,时间为6～12个月,平均为9个月,皮瓣色泽、质地与周围组织接近,外形无臃肿,踝关节活动无障碍.所有患儿父母对术后患肢的功能和外形均满意.结论 带外踝后腓动脉穿支V-Y推进皮瓣手术操作简单、安全、疗程短,是修复儿童跟后区较小创面的有效方法.     

腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣一期修复双侧足跟部冻伤创面

目的 探讨应用腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣一期修复双侧足跟部冻伤皮肤软组织缺损的疗效.方法 对7例双侧足跟部冻伤皮肤软组织缺损患者选择腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复.缺损面积:2 cm×3 cm~8 cm×10 cm,切取皮瓣面积:4 cm×3 cm~12 cm×9 cm.结果 皮瓣一期愈合5例(10足),二期愈合2例(4足).患者均获随访,时间6个月～2年.皮瓣质地、颜色均良好,行走正常.结论 腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣血供可靠,层次清晰,操作简单,对小腿功能和外形影响小,皮瓣转移幅度大,是修复足跟部严重冻伤软组织缺损的良好方法.     

联合应用包皮与阴囊独立皮瓣一期修复尿道下裂的探讨

目的：探讨阴囊及会阴型尿道下裂患者一期修复重建尿道的新术式。方法：联合应用包 阴囊两独立带蒂皮瓣施行尿道重建术一期修复阴囊及会阴型尿道下裂患者１３例。结果：１１例获得成功。２例术后出现尿瘘,其中１例经尿道扩张治疗。３周后尿瘘愈合,另１例行二期尿道成形术后尿瘘痊愈。结论：联合应用包皮与阴囊两独立皮瓣重建尿道的优势明显,更我的集中了目前治疗阴囊及会阴型尿道下裂众多术式的优点。获得满意疗效。     

逆行腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复下肢软组织缺损的护理体会

目的：探讨应用逆行腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复下肢缺损的护理体会。方法：2006年9月～2009年9月,临床应用逆行腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复下肢软组织缺损18例,男11例,女7例,平均年龄45.9岁,根据患者不同年龄、伤情制定不同护理方案,观察护理效果。结果：18例皮瓣、皮片全部成活,随访3～12个月,皮瓣、皮片质地良好,外形及功能满意。结论：对皮瓣转移患者给予术前术后的心理护理,术后对皮瓣的颜色、温度、肿胀程度、引流液等密切监测等有效的护理措施是皮瓣存活的重要保证。     

Non-microsurgical skin flaps for reconstruction of difficult wounds in distal legand foot

Purpose

To express the versatility of a variety of non-microsurgical skin flaps used for coverage of difficult wounds in the lower third of the leg and the foot over 4 years period. Five kinds of flaps were used. Each flap was presented with detailed information regarding indication, blood supply, skin territory and technique.

岛状股前外侧皮瓣修复腹股沟及会阴部创面

目的探讨一种皮瓣修复会阴部及腹股沟创面的方法。方法设计以旋股外侧动脉降支为血管蒂的岛状股前外侧皮瓣,掀起皮瓣后经过皮下隧道将其转移至会阴部及腹股沟创面。结果临床治疗12例,皮瓣面积为8cm×11cm～18cm×20cm。除1例皮瓣靠近肛门处部分表皮坏死外,其余成活良好,外形恢复满意。结论以旋股外侧动脉降支为血管蒂的岛状股前外侧皮瓣是修复会阴部及腹股沟创面较好的方法。     

Bipedicled skin flaps for reconstruction of the abdominal wall in newborn omphalocele

Despite technical refinements in surgery and advances in postoperative intensive care, abdominal wall closure in giant omphalocele remains a difficult endeavor. In this respect, bipedicled skin flaps obtained with longitudinal incisions along the margins of the rectus abdominis muscle may represent a good alternative solution to achieve a complete, tension-free midline closure. Incisional areas can subsequently be easily covered with split-thickness thigh grafts. Two neonatal cases were treated with this technique with good results. This has enabled avoidance of palliative coverage as well as complex musculo-cutaneous reconstructions at a later age.     

Combined use of medial thigh skin flaps and gracilis musculocutaneous flaps for the reconstruction of scrotum

Summary A case of combined use of bilateral medial thigh skin flaps and gracilis musculocutaneous flaps for the reconstruction of a scrotal defect resulting from Fournier's gangrene is presented. The procedure provided a sac-like scrotum, and the donor sites were successfully reconstructed using bilateral gracilis musculocutaneous V-Y advancement flaps.     

Comparison of fasciocutaneous V‐Y and rotational flaps for defect coverage of sacral pressure sores: a critical single‐centre appraisal

Pressure sore rates remain high in both nursing homes as well as in hospitals. Numerous surgical options are available for defect coverage in the sacral region. However, objective data is scarce as to whether a specific flap design is superior to another. Here, we aim to compare two fasciocutaneous flap designs for sacral defect coverage: the gluteal rotation flap and the gluteal V‐Y flap. All primary sacral pressure sores of grades III–IV that were being covered with gluteal fasciocutaneous rotational or V‐Y flaps between January 2008 and December 2014 at our institution were analysed. A total of 41 patients received a total of 52 flaps. Of these, 18 patients received 20 gluteal rotational flaps, and 23 patients received 32 V‐Y flaps. Both groups were comparable with regards to demographics, comorbidities and complications. Significantly more V‐Y flaps were needed to cover smaller defects. Mean length of hospital stay was significantly prolonged when surgical revision had to be carried out. Both flap designs have proven safe and reliable for defect coverage after sacral pressure sores. Gluteal rotational flaps appear to be more useful for larger defects. Both flap designs facilitate their reuse in case of pressure sore recurrence. Complication rates appear to be comparable in both designs and to the current literature.     

The pros and cons of distant pedicled flaps for upper extremity trauma reconstruction in the era of microvascular surgery

Nineteen distant pedicled flaps, performed during 1989 for posttraumatic upper extremity soft tissue defect cover were reviewed. The pros and cons of distant pedicled flaps were examined with respect to the alternative treatment; namely, free microvascular tissue transfer. The main points considered were the traumatic defect, the donor site and particular problems of each patient. The conclusion was that pedicled flaps are useful in this type of reconstruction in spite of the availability of microvascular techniques.     

超大面积植皮──一种治疗瘢痕挛缩的新方法

目的　用超大面积植皮方法修复和预防关节功能部位的瘢痕挛缩。方法　切除或松解关节功能部位的瘢痕挛缩 ,并将创缘向四周潜行分离 10～ 3 5mm使创缘呈外翻状 ,扩大受皮区面积 ,切取比创面面积大 5 0 %～ 14 0 %的供区皮片 ,厚度在 0 .3～ 0 .4mm之间 ,覆盖创面 ,然后将创面填充碎纱布使其成为周边高中间低平打包固定。植皮处理按常规方法处理。结果　 5年应用于颈部等 60例患者的 68个关节功能部位 ,随访 1～ 5年 ,效果满意。结论　这一新方法有较广泛的临床应用价值