调节性T细胞在肿瘤免疫微环境中的作用及其机制研究进展

肿瘤免疫微环境在肿瘤的演进过程中发挥着重要作用,越来越多的研究证实,调节性T细胞(Tregs)虽然在维持机体免疫稳态、预防自身免疫性疾病方面发挥着重要作用,但在肿瘤微环境内的Treg细胞却减弱机体的抗肿瘤免疫。     

结核病T细胞亚群的研究进展

T淋巴细胞亚群的数量和功能变化与结核病的病情进展和转归密切相关,探讨结核杆菌感染机体时T淋巴细胞亚群免疫应答及其影响因素,对结核病预防、诊治有重要意义。     

流式细胞术检测肿瘤患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群研究

目的 探讨肿瘤患者T淋巴细胞亚群的变化及临床意义。方法 采用流式细胞术检测27例肿瘤患者和25例正常对照组的T淋巴细胞亚群。结果 肿瘤患者CD3^＋T细胞、CD4^＋T细胞和CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值明显低于对照组并有统计学意义，而CD8^＋T细胞显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论 肿瘤患者的免疫功能下降。流式细胞术对肿瘤患者的免疫功能的检测具有快速、敏感、准确的特点，对于评价疗效、判断预后具有重要价值。     

枸杞对T,B淋巴细胞增殖和T细胞亚群变化的调节作用

本文报告了中药枸杞子（Ｌｙｃｉｕｍｂａｒｂａｒｕｍ，ＬＢ）对Ｔ、Ｂ淋巴细胞增殖和Ｔ细胞亚群的调节作用。实验结果指出，枸杞对未经活化的淋巴细胞没有诱导增殖作用，对于分别经ＰＨＡ和ＰＭＡ活化的淋巴细胞增殖有显著的促进作用（Ｐ〈０．０５），这表明枸杞对活化的Ｔ、Ｂ淋巴细胞增殖有促进作用。选择最大促进效应浓度的ＬＢ对ＰＨＡ活化的Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群的变化进行双标记检测。结果指出，和ＰＨＡ活化后的情况相比，ＬＢ的     

癌症患者T细胞亚群的临床意义

恶性肿瘤的发生和转移过程中，患者的免疫功能，尤其是抗肿瘤免疫功能减退具有重要作用。在机体抗肿瘤免疫中细胞免疫又是关键，特别是Ｔ细胞的数量减少和质量异常，可使肿瘤细胞逃逸宿主的免疫监控。目前，在临床研究中，用于监测恶性肿瘤细胞免疫功能的指标较多，但国内最常用的还是Ｔ细胞亚群的测定等项目。以往大多数实验室只检测Ｔ细胞亚群的百分率，实际上淋巴细胞亚群的绝对值，更能反映出机体Ｔ细胞的实际储备情况。本研究中，我们检测了肝癌、肺癌和胃癌（共７５例）患者的Ｔ细胞亚群的百分率和绝对值并进行了对比分析。ｌ 对象和…     

围术期输血对肿瘤病人T淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞的影响

选择胃癌、结肠癌或直肠癌根治术病人 6 0例 ,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级 ,男 39例 ,女2 1例 ,年龄 35～ 6 7岁 ,体重 5 5～ 82kg。所有病人手术前Hb >12 0g/L ,Hct >0 .35 ,无内分泌及免疫性疾病 ,无放疗、化疗和激素治疗史。将病人随机分为 :异体输血组 (H1组 )、少白细胞异体输血组 (H2组 )和自体输血组 (A组 )。 3组病人性别、年龄、手术种类等无显著性差异。术中监测ECG、血压、SpO2 。采用静注咪唑安定、芬太尼为主 ,吸入安氟醚为辅气管插管全麻。H1组术中输异体全血 4 0 0～ 6 0 0ml;H2组术中输异体少白细胞红细胞 (采用过滤法 ,白细胞去除…     

大剂量胸腺肽对肿瘤放疗病人T细胞亚群的影响

观察４６例肿瘤病人，分析疗加胸腺和药组和单纯放疗组（对照组）。用药组每日静点胸腺肽１６０ｍｇ，连续１０ｄ后用流式细胞仪检测外周血Ｔ细胞亚群的变化。结果表明，用药组放疗后ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ２５（ＩＬ－２Ｒ）和ＣＤ５６（ＮＫ）阳性百分率均明显高于本组放疗前及单纯放疗组放疗后水平。提示，大剂量胸腺肽可在短期内提高肿瘤放疗病人机体的免疫功能。     

献血者献血前后红细胞免疫功能和T细胞亚群水平的变化

目的：探讨了献血者献血前后红细胞免疫功能和T细胞亚群水平的变化。方法：分别应用红细胞酵母花环法和单克隆抗体法,对40例献血者进行了献血前后红细胞免疫功能和T细胞亚群水平的测定。结果：献血后外周血中RBC-C3b、CD3、CD4、CD8水平均显著性提高（P〈0.01）。CD4/CD8比值变化无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：献血能增强献血者红细胞的C3b水平,T细胞亚群比例升高,使机体进入新的免疫平衡状态。     

γδT细胞亚群在肿瘤免疫及炎症中的作用

炎症或肿瘤发生的早期,γδT细胞起到重要的调控功能。小鼠γδT细胞按照TCR链的组成可以分为多种亚群。本文主要阐述小鼠γδT细胞不同亚群对炎症和肿瘤免疫应答的调控作用。     

调节性T细胞参与肿瘤免疫的研究进展

调节性T细胞（Treg）对于介导免疫稳态、建立和维持自身耐受有重要作用.其对免疫反应具有抑制效应,保护机体免于发生自身免疫性疾病,并且可以抑制抗肿瘤免疫反应.近来研究发现,多种恶性肿瘤的患者外周血及肿瘤微环境中（Treg）增加,并且与预后具有相关性;去除Treg或者封闭其抑制功能可以增强抗肿瘤免疫反应.越来越多的证据表明Treg在肿瘤的进展过程和抑制肿瘤特异性免疫中扮演重要的角色.深入研究Treg的特点、功能和参与肿瘤免疫调节作用的机制将给肿瘤的预防和治疗提供新的思路和有效手段.     

以核仁形成区银染蛋白等指标评价肿瘤患者免疫状况的研究

目的 比较分析各项免疫检测指标在肿瘤患者的变化情况，寻找可以真实反映肿瘤患者机体免疫状况相对理想的指标。方法 运用细胞培养、细胞化学银染技术、酶联免疫吸附测定、单向免疫扩散测定、KL型免疫图象分析系统及流式细胞仪等技术方法，分别检测健康人和恶性肿瘤患者外周血T淋巴细胞核仁形成区银染蛋白(argyrophific nuclear organizer region associated proteins，Ag-NORs)、T细胞亚群及血浆细胞因子等项目。结果与健康人比较，各种类型肿瘤患者外周血T细胞Ag-NORs降低。胃肠道恶性肿瘤外周血T淋巴细胞Ag-NORs、CD3、CD4显著减少，血浆TH1型细胞因子IL-2和IFN-γ降低，TH2型细胞因子IL-6升高。外周血T淋巴细胞Ag-NORs变化与患者化疗和术后的全身综合状况的恢复时相大致相符。经过对衡量人罹患恶性肿瘤时免疫状态作用的各项免疫指标进行筛选比较，单项指标中血浆细胞因子最佳。外周血T淋巴细胞Ag-NORs优于T细胞亚群及NK细胞。联合应用，以T淋巴细胞Ag-NORs、IFN-γ及IL-2三项指标的检测结果为最佳，其判断恶性肿瘤发生可能性的敏感性和特异性分别达93．1％和96．7％。结论 外周血T细胞Ag-NORs可以作为反映患者机体免疫状况的一个具有临床应用前景的指标。外周血T淋巴细胞Ag-NORs、IFN-γ及IL-2的联合检测，可能成为衡量恶性肿瘤患者免疫状况的参考指标。     

Metabolic regulation of T cells in the tumor microenvironment by nutrient availability and diet

Recent advances in immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) for the treatment of cancer have generated excitement over their ability to yield durable, and potentially curative, responses in a multitude of cancers. These findings have established that the immune system is capable of eliminating tumors and led us to a better, albeit still incomplete, understanding of the mechanisms by which tumors interact with and evade destruction by the immune system. Given the central role of T cells in immunotherapy, elucidating the cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors that govern T cell function in tumors will facilitate the development of immunotherapies that establish durable responses in a greater number of patients. One such factor is metabolism, a set of fundamental cellular processes that not only sustains cell survival and proliferation, but also serves as a means for cells to interpret their local environment. Nutrient sensing is critical for T cells that must infiltrate into a metabolically challenging tumor microenvironment and expand under these harsh conditions to eliminate cancerous cells. Here we introduce T cell exhaustion with respect to cellular metabolism, followed by a discussion of nutrient availability at the tumor and organismal level in relation to T cell metabolism and function to provide rationale for the study and targeting of metabolism in anti-tumor immune responses.     

The role of regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets in gestational diabetes mellitus

Physiological changes during normal pregnancy are characterized by an inflammatory immune response and insulin resistance. Therefore, we hypothesize that gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may be caused by an inappropriate adaption of the maternal immune system to pregnancy. In this study we examined the role of regulatory T cell (T_reg) differentiation for the development of GDM during pregnancy. We used six-colour flow cytometric analysis to demonstrate that the total CD4⁺CD127^low+/−CD25⁺ forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3⁺) T_reg pool consists of four different T_reg subsets: naive CD45RA⁺ T_regs, HLA-DR⁻CD45RA⁻ memory T_regs (DR⁻ T_regs) and the highly differentiated and activated HLA-DR^low+CD45RA⁻ and HLA-DR^high+CD45RA⁻ memory T_regs (DR^low+ and DR^high+ T_regs). Compared to healthy pregnancies, the percentage of CD4⁺CD127^low+/−CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ T_regs within the total CD4⁺ T helper cell pool was not different in patients affected by GDM. However, the suppressive activity of the total CD4⁺CD127^low+/−CD25⁺ T_reg pool was significantly reduced in GDM patients. The composition of the total T_reg pool changed in the way that its percentage of naive CD45RA⁺ T_regs was decreased significantly in both patients with dietary-adjusted GDM and patients with insulin-dependent GDM. In contrast, the percentage of DR⁻-memory T_regs was increased significantly in patients with dietary-adjusted GDM, while the percentage of DR^low+ and DR^high+ memory T_regs was increased significantly in patients with insulin-dependent GDM. Hence, our findings propose that alterations in homeostatic parameters related to the development and function of naive and memory T_regs may cause the reduction of the suppressive capacity of the total T_reg pool in GDM patients. However, as this is an exploratory analysis, the results are only suggestive and require further validation.     

The role of T helper 17 and regulatory T cells in tumor microenvironment

T helper 17 (Th17) cells were first described as a novel T helper cell lineage independent from Th1 and Th2 subsets. Th17 cells play vital roles in inflammation and tumor immunity. It causes the dissipation of antitumor immunity and contribution to the survival of tumor cells, worsening tumor growth and metastasis. Tumor-infiltrating Th17 cells were seen innumerous cancers in mice and humans. There has been an association between intratumoral Th17 cell infiltration and both good and bad prognoses. Besides the protumoral roles defined for IL-17 andTh17 cells, several reports have shown that Th17 cells also drive antitumoral immunity. Various mechanisms by which Th17 cells control tumor growth are as following: recruitment of several immune cells including DCs, CD4⁺ T cells, and CD8⁺ T cells within tumors, activation of CD8⁺ T cells, and probably plasticity toward Th1 phenotype, related to IFN-γ and TNF-α production. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been exhibited to infiltrate human tumors and are believed to restrict antitumor immunity. The effect of Treg cells has been more controversial. Whereas some studies have proposed that a high density of Treg cells within the tumor associated with a poor clinical prognosis, other studies have presented a positive clinical prognosis, underlining the importance of elucidating the clinical significance of Treg cells further. Treg and Th17 cells play both positive and negative roles in regulating antitumor immune responses. In spite of the presence of these cells, yet some tumors develop and grow. These T cells by themselves are not adequate to efficiently mount antitumor immune responses.     

类风湿性关节炎患者2H4+T淋巴细胞亚群的流式细胞仪分析

了解类风湿性关节炎患者免疫功能的异常变化，探讨其发病机制。方法，使用间接免疫荧光和直接免疫荧光方法对１１例ＲＡ患者和１２例健康人的外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞进行了研究。结果：ＲＡ患者与对照组比较ＣＤ３＾＋Ｔ细胞和ＣＤ＾＋４Ｔ细胞地明显变化，ＣＤ８＾＋Ｔ细胞明显减少，     

鼻咽癌肿瘤微环境中的免疫逃逸机制

鼻咽癌(NPC)是我国东南部地区常见的头颈部肿瘤,传统放化疗手段对晚期患者的疗效有限,特异性免疫治疗是目前临床探索的新方向.肿瘤细胞通过多因素多机制逃避机体免疫系统的监控打击在肿瘤的发生发展中发挥了重要作用,肿瘤微环境中的免疫逃逸机制为恶性肿瘤侵袭、转移、治疗抵抗及复发提供了有利条件.了解NPC肿瘤微环境中的免疫逃逸机制,有助于寻找肿瘤免疫逃逸机制中的有效治疗靶点,开发相关免疫治疗药物.     

银屑病外周血T细胞亚群与肿瘤坏死因子的研究

本文以结晶紫染料摄入法,检测52例寻常型银屑病患者内毒素诱导的外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)产生肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)活性,并用T 细胞表型(T_1、T_4、T_8)单克隆抗体间接免疫荧光法,检测患者外周血T 细胞及其亚群的百分率。结果寻常型银屑病患者外周血TNF 诱生活性(6.13±2.41U/ml)、T_4细胞百分率(46.31±6.31%)及T_4/T_(?)比值(1.54±0.27)均显著低于正常人对照组(P<0.01),而T_(?)细胞百分率(30.33±2.12%)则明显增高(P<0.01)。表明银屑病患者存在细胞免疫功能缺陷;TNF 产生能力低下和T_4/T(?)的比例失调与银屑病的发病密切相关。