合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离临床特点及手术疗效分析

目的:分析合并脉络膜脱离的裂孔性视网膜脱离的临床特点及手术治疗效果。方法:合并脉络膜脱离的裂孔性视网膜脱离患者64例64眼,26例行巩膜扣带术,38例行玻璃体视网膜手术,术中均不行巩膜外冷凝,观察眼部表现及手术复位率等情况,分析合并脉络膜脱离的裂孔性视网膜脱离临床特点。结果:本组病例>-6.00D高度近视占总病例数的41%。64例合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离均有葡萄膜炎反应,眼压2.00～8.00mmHg;26例行巩膜扣带术,19例视网膜复位,复位率73%,行玻璃体视网膜手术38例,32例视网膜复位,一次手术复位率84%。结论:合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离高度近视眼、人工晶状体眼及无晶状体眼多发,视网膜光凝替代术中巩膜外冷凝可能提高视网膜复位率及减少术后复发率。     

Choroidal nevi associated with serous macular detachment

PURPOSE: To describe the aspect and progression of choroidal nevi associated with macular serous detachment and to analyze different treatments. MATERIAL: and methods: Twelve posterior choroidal nevi were associated with subretinal fluid. The fovea was detached in 11 cases. Tumor thickness was 2 mm or less. RESULTS: No treatment was given in 6 cases and spontaneous subretinal fluid regression was observed in 3 of these 6 cases. Success was also observed in 2 of 3 cases treated with corticotherapy, but subretinal fluid recurred. Gas injection was performed in 1 case and transpupillary thermotherapy in 2 others, all 3 with successful definitive drying of the nevus. Visual acuity decreased in 6 cases (in 3 untreated cases and in 3 cases treated with corticotherapy), remained stable in 3 cases, and increased in 3 cases (in 1 untreated case, in 1 gas injection case, and in 1 case after thermotherapy). Tumor growth was observed in 3 cases, on the average 2 years after diagnosis (25%). CONCLUSION: Subretinal fluid is rarely observed with choroidal nevi and its progression is variable. Various treatments in addition to observation such as corticotherapy, gas injection, transpupillary thermotherapy seem effective in stabilizing or improving visual function. Supervision is nevertheless needed to detect tumor growth that can be frequent in these nevi associated with subretinal fluid.     

脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的临床研究

目的分析脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的临床特点。方法连续选择具有典型临床症状的脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者61例61眼，与同期行玻璃体切割手术的非脉络膜脱离型孔源性视网膜脱离患者52例53眼进行对比研究，观察二者眼部体征及手术复位率等情况，并分析脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的好发因素。结果脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者的眼前节反应重，眼压低（平均4mmHg），与一般孔源性视网膜脱离患者相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；采用玻璃体切割手术，前者的一次性手术复位率为65．51％，后者为88．68％，二者差异有统计学意义；脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离组中年龄50岁以上及屈光度-6D以上的患者占总例数的50％以上，27．87％的患者合并有黄斑裂孔。结论脉络膜脱离伴视网膜脱离具有严重的葡萄膜炎和低眼压症状，老年人和高度近视者好发，多合并有黄斑裂孔，其手术复位率显著低于一般孔源性视网膜脱离者。     

合并脉络膜脱离的视网膜脱离的临床观察

目的:探讨合并脉络膜脱离的视网膜脱离手术治疗方法和手术时机的选择并观察疗效。方法:总结、分析2010-01/2012-01因视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离在我院住院的患者45例45眼,其中原发性裂孔源性视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离38例,复发性视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离7例。手术方法包括巩膜环扎、经巩膜穿刺口脉络膜上腔引流、玻璃体视网膜手术、眼内光凝、C3F8填充术或硅油填充术。结果:患眼45眼均行巩膜环扎术,均于手术中成功引流脉络膜上腔液体,6眼行C3F8填充,39眼行硅油填充术,45眼视网膜脉络膜全部复位,视网膜裂孔封闭。其中23眼术后视力≥0.1。结论:合并脉络膜脱离的视网膜脱离,采用巩膜环扎和玻璃体视网膜手术联合经巩膜穿刺口脉络膜上腔积液引流的联合手术方式有效。     

脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的玻璃体手术治疗

目的:探讨玻璃体手术治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离及术后早期临床表现。方法:脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者17例17眼,应用糖皮质激素及玻璃体切除联合硅油填充术治疗,分析手术前后临床表现及早期疗效。结果:患者17眼早期间接眼底镜及B超检查视网膜及脉络膜脱离达到解剖复位;术后眼压略高,之后趋于稳定;炎症反应较轻;视力均有不同程度提高。结论:脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离采用玻璃体切割联合硅油填充术能够获得良好的早期解剖复位。术前使用糖皮质激素有助于减轻炎症,为手术创造条件,提高手术成功率。术后早期眼压可控制在相对安全范围内。该类患者视力恢复普遍较差。     

伴脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离复位术

目的 探讨伴脉络膜脱离孔源性视网膜脱离的手术方法。方法 术前不用糖皮质激素治疗。以低眼压，视网膜下液少为手术时机不放液手术。结果 手术一次性复位率91.66%，裂孔封闭后炎症消退，玻璃体改善，眼压回升，视力提高。结论 术前不同糖皮质激素治疗。有利于不放液手术和术中顶压找孔，缩短了术前等待的时间。     

Choroidal detachment associated with delayed spontaneous ocular hypotony

CASE REPORTS: We report two cases of delayed spontaneous hypotony associated with choroidal detachment and hypotony maculopathy. Both patients had undergone uneventful cataract extractions 10 and 6 years prior to the occurrence of apparently spontaneous hypotony. Trabeculectomy was combined with phacoemulsification in one of them. Both had been receiving timolol at the time of presentation. DISCUSSION: Delayed spontaneous hypotony, without recent ocular surgery or trauma, represented a challenge in both the diagnosis and management processes in these patients. We have analysed the main causes.     

Choroidal detachment associated with retinal detachment as a presenting finding.

Choroidal detachment along with retinal detachment as a presenting finding is rare. We identified five such cases presenting to our ophthalmology practice between 1964 and 1991. The patient is usually myopic and presents with marked visual loss, profound hypotony and a marked anterior chamber reaction. The pathogenesis seems to revolve around the hypotony and myopia and an unstable choroidal vascular system. Management usually involves a scleral buckling procedure with cryotherapy under direct visualization to release choroidal and subretinal fluid, possibly preceded by a few days of anti-inflammatory therapy. The overall prognosis is poor owing to delays in diagnosis and the postoperative development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.     

Choroidal detachment associated with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and aqueous flare]

The aqueous protein level (APL) in eyes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) combined with or without choroidal detachment (CD) was investigated using a laser flare-cell meter. The APL in eyes of RRD with CD was 70 times higher than in eyes of simple RRD. The APL increased suddenly with the appearance of CD and decreased rapidly in accordance with the disappearance of CD. The longer the CD continued, the higher the APL remained preoperatively as well as postoperatively. The APL in eyes of RRD with CD was still twice as high as in eyes of simple RRD 6 months after successful retinal reattachment. This marked and prolonged intraocular inflammation in eyes of RRD with CD might result in a poorer visual outcome. The extremely high APL might be caused by reflux of suprachoroidal protein through the uveoscleral route and/or venous protein through the trabecular meshwork due to ocular hypotony and possibly by diffusion of protein via posterior chamber and vitreous cavity due to the breakdown of the blood-ocular barrier.     

Choroidal detachment associated with spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula

A rare case is presented in which an 87-year-old woman with choroidal detachment was subsequently found to have an atypical carotid cavernous fistula (CCF). In this case, the intraocular pressure of the affected eye was higher than that of the contralateral eye. However, tonography showed no increased ocular pulse (amplitude of Schioetz reading) of the affected eye, which is characteristic of CCF. Choroidal detachment accompanied with CCF is thought to be a result of severe choroidal hemostasis and transudation caused by increased episcleral venous pressure. Furthermore, the enlarged perichoroidal space due to choroidal detachment reduced the ocular pulse of the affected eye. This combination may not be as rare as it has been previously reported. Attention to these symptoms can provide clues to the elucidation of the pathogenesis of choroidal detachment.     

伴脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离的研究进展

伴脉络膜脱离孔源性视网膜脱离是一种特殊类型的孔源性视网膜脱离,具有原因不明和自发的特性。就其发生、表现和治疗存在很多的争议,在此结合文献讨论相关问题,希望增进对疾病的了解。     

关于脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的研究进展

脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离是一种复杂的伴有睫状体、脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离的特殊类型。本病起病急,发展迅速,以严重的葡萄膜炎和低眼压为主要临床表现,如治疗不及时,可迅速导致玻璃体和视网膜周围增生,故预后较差。目前对其发病原因、发病机制和治疗尚未有一个明确的定论,国内外研究主要集中在其治疗方面,我们对其相关发病原因、发病机制和治疗进展进行综述,以期进一步了解脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离,为临床工作提供依据。     

光动力疗法治疗脉络膜新生血管性疾病后导致的脉络膜低灌注

脉络膜新生血管(CNV)是引起多种眼底疾病视力障碍的主要原因.目前临床上有多种治疗方法,如光动力疗法(PDT)、抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)疗法、经瞳孔温热疗法(TTT)等,但都不能彻底治愈CNV,需要重复多次治疗.其中,PDT能特异性封闭CNV,但可引起脉络膜低灌注.就PDT治疗后产生的脉络膜低灌注及其影响和应对措施进行综述,回顾PDT治疗后发生脉络膜低灌注的证据,与临床效果之间的关系,评估联合治疗的作用,讨论使用低照度光动力激光治疗减少低灌注的潜力.     

曲安奈德联合手术治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离

目的:探讨后Tenon囊注射曲安奈德联合手术治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析18例18眼伴有脉络膜脱离的视网膜脱离患者的临床资料,观察术前后Tenon囊注射曲安奈德后眼前段炎症反应、玻璃体混浊程度以及脉络膜脱离变化情况,手术方式的选择和PVR的程度与手术效果的关系。结果:所有18例患者后Tenon囊注射曲安奈德后5～7d眼前段炎症反应15例视网膜完全复位,明显减轻,玻璃体混浊以及脉络膜脱离好转,随访3～12mo,1例未复位,2例复发,最终手术成功率为83%。眼压和视力均有明显的提高。结论:伴有脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离较一般的视网膜脱离手术的成功率低,术前后Tenons囊注射曲安奈德可迅速减轻眼前段炎症反应,脉络膜脱离吸收,明显提高脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的手术成功率。     

合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离患者的手术疗效分析

目的 探讨合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离患者的手术疗效及其影响手术疗效的因素。方法 回顾1996年1月至1998年8月间,本院收治的188例（188只眼）合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离患者的临床资料,分析患者术前增生性玻璃体视网膜病变（proliferative vitreoretinopathy,PVR）的分级、手术方式、术前糖皮质激素治疗等因素与手术疗效的关系。结果 本组患者手术治愈率为83．0％,低于一般视网膜脱离的治愈率;PVR的A－B组手术治愈率为89．6％,C1－C3级为84．1％,D1－D3级为69．0％;PVR的C1－C3级中,行玻璃体切除术者的手术治愈率高于行巩膜扣带术者;术前糖皮质激素使用者比未使用者手术治愈率高;糖皮质激素使用时间的长短与手术治愈率无关;巩膜扣带术者中,放液与不放液与手术治愈率无关。结论 合并脉络膜脱离的视网膜脱离患者,其视网膜脱离程度严重,PVR发展快,术前应及时给予糖皮质激素治疗,但不能延误手术时机。对PVR的A－B级、脉络膜程度不严重的患者可行巩膜扣带术,尽量不放视网膜下液、不注气;对PVR的C级患者行玻璃体切除术是解决严重脉络膜脱离的有效方法,对脉络膜脱离程度较轻的患者也可行巩膜扣带术;PVR的D级患者应行玻璃体切除术。     

Schisis-like rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal colobomas

Background: The breaks that cause retinal detachments in colobomatous eyes are often hidden within the lesion and difficult to find. Method: To elucidate the pathoanatomy and possible pathomechanism of such detachments, histological sections of eight choroidal colobomas were reviewed. Results: Sections of the margin showed central continuation of the inner neuroblastic layer (the intercalary membrane) and eversion and separation of the outer neuroblastic layer. The opposite direction of continuity of the neuroblastic layers created a schisis-like configuration between the intercalary membrane and the everted outer retina. The zone of duplication was a point of retinal adhesion, but also a locus minoris resistentiae due to vitreous attachments and variable glial support at the margin. Conclusion: The subset of coloboma-associated retinal detachments requires both a central break in the inner layer and a break in the outer layer at the margin of the coloboma. The inner layer break may be precipated by retinovascular ischemia or scleral stretching; that in the outer layer may be caused by vitreous traction on the margin of the coloboma or extension of the formerly isolated detachment through the outer marginal zone of decreased glial support.Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Retina Society, San Francisco, California, 20 October 1993     

玻璃体切除术联合巩膜外环扎治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离

目的：探讨玻璃体切除联术合巩膜外环扎治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的临床疗效。

方法：回顾性分析2014-01/2018-02在我院行玻璃体切除术联合巩膜外环扎治疗的脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者19例19眼,术后3～12mo行玻璃体腔硅油取出术。观察患者术后视网膜复位率、眼压、视力恢复及并发症情况。

结果：本组患者术后视网膜均复位,术后3mo患眼玻璃体腔硅油填充状态下眼压(16.09±3.58mmHg)、硅油取出术后6mo眼压(14.69±3.10mmHg)均高于术前(6.78±1.90mmHg)(均P<0.05)。硅油取出术后6mo,15眼患者视力较术前提高。术后无低眼压及眼球萎缩等并发症发生。

结论：玻璃体切除术联合巩膜外环扎治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离是相对安全有效的,视网膜复位率高,术后并发症少,再次手术率低。     

激素治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的研究现状

糖皮质激素作为脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离手术前后的辅助治疗药物,其控制炎症、改善脉络膜脱离效果明显,为手术的开展创造良好的条件,但其对术后视网膜复位率和视功能改善的作用眼科学者各持己见。关于术前激素使用与否、使用时间和使用方式,眼科界一直存在争议。本文将对相关知识进行综述,以期为临床治疗提供更加准确、可行的参考依据。     

微创玻璃体切割手术治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离临床疗效观察

目的 观察微创玻璃体切割手术治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的临床疗效及安全性.方法 临床检查确诊的脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者35例36只眼纳入研究.其中,男性22例,女性13例.平均年龄(51.32±17.34)岁.视力光感6只眼;手动/眼前者12只眼;数指者9只眼;0.01～0.1者8只眼;0.2～0.3者1只眼.平均最小分辨角对数(LogMAR)视力为2.13±0.50.平均眼压为(9.17±6.28) mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa).患者均行23G联合25G经结膜无缝合玻璃体手术.手术中硅油填充35只眼,C3 F8填充1只眼.手术后平均随访时间(6.23±3.07)个月.对比观察手术前后视力、眼压变化情况,以及手术后视网膜复位率、视网膜脱离再发生率及并发症等情况.结果 手术后1d,所有患眼视网膜均复位,占100.0％;手术后1个月,视网膜复位33只眼,占91.7％;视网膜局限性脱离3只眼,占8.3％,再次行巩膜扣带手术,视网膜复位.手术后3个月,视网膜复位30只眼,占83.3％.手术后1d,1、3个月平均LogMAR视力分别为1.77±0.66、1.53±0.72、1.31±0.77,与手术前平均LogMAR视力比较,差异有统计学意义(F=62.61,P＜0.05).手术后1d,1、3个月眼压分别为(12.47±7.28)、(15.51±6.86)、(15.82±7.60) mm Hg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa).手术后各时间点平均眼压与手术前平均眼压比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=6.88,P＜0.05).手术后3个月,发生继发性青光眼1只眼;此外无与治疗相关的其他并发症.结论 微创玻璃体手术治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离有良好的临床疗效.