主动脉瓣置换术前合并中度功能性二尖瓣关闭不全治疗策略的回顾性队列研究

目的分析主动脉瓣置换术(aortic valve replacement,AVR)同期不同方式处理中度功能性二尖瓣关闭不全(functional mitral regurgitation,FMR)对患者预后的影响。方法回顾性纳入2014～2018年在本中心接受AVR且合并中度FMR的118例患者,其中男84例、女34例,年龄(58.1±12.4)岁。根据不同二尖瓣处理方式将患者分为三组:A组(未处理,11例)、B组(二尖瓣修复,51例)及C组(二尖瓣置换,56例)。研究主要终点为患者近中期生存情况,次要终点为FMR改善情况。结果中位随访时间为29.5个月。围术期死亡5例,均为C组患者;术后早期A、B两组FMR改善率分别为90.9%、94.1%(P=0.694)。A、B、C三组中期死亡率分别为0.0%、5.9%、3.9%(P=0.264),而主要心脑血管病事件发生率分别为0.0%、9.8%、17.7%(P=0.230)。A、B两组中期FMR改善率分别为100.0%、94.3%(P>0.05)。结论对于接受AVR合并中度FMR的患者,不处理或同期修复二尖瓣更为合理,而二尖瓣置换可能会...     

David Ⅰ手术治疗主动脉根部病变致主动脉瓣关闭不全的效果

目的 评价David Ⅰ术式治疗主动脉根部病变导致主动脉瓣关闭不全的治疗效果.方法 2005年8月至2011年5月,采用David Ⅰ手术治疗24例主动脉根部病变导致主动脉瓣关闭不全患者.男21例,女3例;年龄24 ～ 69岁,平均(47.0±12.3)岁.主动脉夹层13例,主动脉根部瘤7例,马方综合征2例,单纯主动脉瓣环扩张并主动脉瓣关闭不全2例.术前心功能Ⅰ级20例,Ⅱ级3例,Ⅲ级1例;主动脉瓣反流中度13例,重度11例.David Ⅰ手术采用直人工血管9例,带Valsalva窦人工血管15例.同期行冠状动脉旁路移植手术6例,主动脉弓置换11例,室间隔缺损修补术1例,房间隔缺损修补术1例,二尖瓣成形+三尖瓣成形1例.1例术中食管超声提示主动脉瓣大量反流,瓣叶脱垂,即刻决定使用带瓣人工血管行Bentall手术.术后观察患者心功能和主动脉瓣反流情况.结果 围术期死亡2例,分别于术后第9天死于感染性休克并多脏器功能衰竭和术后第22天死于肺部感染;近期死亡1例,术后第54天死于肺部感染.本组体外循环(235.9±58.5) min,主动脉阻断(182.7±35.8) min.术后1周超声心动图复查,主动脉瓣无反流11例,轻度反流11例,轻至中度反流1例;所有患者心功能均为Ⅰ级.术后20例(不包括3例死亡和1例行Bentall术者)随访3～74个月.主动脉瓣无反流3例;轻度反流15例,其中3例半年后再次复查提示主动脉瓣无反流;中度反流2例,其中1例3个月后复查提示反流转为轻度,1例采用直人工血管的马方综合征患者术后55个月复查提示反流转为重度.结论 保留主动脉瓣的主动脉根部再植入术(David Ⅰ术式)是治疗主动脉瓣叶及瓣环结构大致正常的主动脉根部病变引起的主动脉瓣关闭不全的一种理想手术方式,同时应用带Valsalva窦血管能提供更稳定的手术效果.     

单纯经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗重度主动脉瓣反流合并重度二尖瓣反流的单中心回顾性研究

目的 探讨单纯经导管主动脉瓣置换术（transcatheter aortic valve replacement,TAVR）治疗重度主动脉瓣反流（aortic regurgitation,AR）合并重度二尖瓣反流（mitral regurgitation,MR）的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2018年3月—2021年9月因重度AR合并重度MR于广东省人民医院心外科行经导管主动脉瓣置换术13例患者的临床资料,其中男10例、女3例,平均年龄（72.54±2.35）岁,对比患者术前与术后超声心动图结果。结果 手术成功率100.00%,手术时间（118.15±11.42）min,术中出血量100.00(75.00,250.00)mL,术后住院时间9.00(4.50,11.00)d,无术中死亡和中转开胸。随访时间10.00(6.50,38.50)个月,2例轻中度AR,6例轻度AR,5例无AR;同时重度MR在没有积极干预的情况下反流量仍显著减少（P=0.001）,4例轻中度MR,9例轻度MR。术后随访左心房直径[46.00(41.00,52.50)mm vs. 35.00(34.00,41.00)m...     

经主动脉切口治疗主动脉根部瘤合并二尖瓣病变

目的 总结经主动脉切口治疗主动脉根部瘤合并二尖瓣病变的初步经验。方法 2009年3月至2010年12月,经主动脉瓣口行二尖瓣手术16例中男13例,女3例;年龄18～ 75岁,平均(40±10)岁。16例中Bentall+ MVR术12例,Bentall+ MVP术1例,Bentall+全弓置换+支架象鼻+MVP术1例,...     

先天性主动脉缩窄合并二尖瓣关闭不全一例

患者男,11岁。因反复发作肺炎、心力衰竭加重1年入院。自幼既有活动后胸闷、气促,休息后可缓解,活动耐量较同龄者小,生长发育明显滞后。6岁时于当地县医院行心脏彩色超声心动图检查发现二尖瓣关闭不全,未作进一步治疗。入院后查体：身高120 cm,体重26 kg,体表面积约为0.957 m2。     

冠心病合并慢性中度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗

目的 探讨冠心病合并中度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全(IMR)的外科治疗及其预后.方法 从1998年1月至2006年5月共收治冠心病合并中度IMR患者28例,均为冠状动脉病变合并单纯二尖瓣关闭不全,手术均在中度低温体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)和同期二尖瓣手术.二尖瓣成形术(MVP)24例,其中Reed法成形9例,Reed法成形同时加成形环8例,脱垂二尖瓣叶切除同时加成形环7例;二尖瓣置换术(MVR)4例,其中置换机械瓣1例,生物瓣3例.结果 术后早期无死亡患者,应用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)1例.术后随访26例,随访3～80个月,平均41个月,远期死亡2例(MVP 1例、MVR 1例).随访MVP患者生存22例,心功能Ⅰ级13 例,Ⅱ级6例,Ⅲ级3例,较术前明显改善;多普勒超声心动图检查二尖瓣无反流5例,微量反流7例,轻度反流6例,中度反流3例,重度反流1例,左房容积(LAV)54.1±12.7ml,左心室舒张期末容积(LVEDV)60.9±14.8 ml,左心室射血分数(LVEF)0.59±0.15,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).随访MVR患者生存2例,心功能Ⅰ级1 例,Ⅱ级1例;多普勒超声心动图检查瓣膜功能良好.结论 对冠心病合并中度IMR患者应在行CABG时同期进行处理,IMR处理的方法以MVP同时加用成形环的早期临床效果较好,但是对左室功能差和左室壁运动异常的患者远期效果需要进一步观察.     

经食管超声监测引导行瓣膜修复治疗二尖瓣关闭不全

经食管超声监测引导行瓣膜修复治疗二尖瓣关闭不全王敏生，王春生，陈海泉，沈学东，施月芳，何军我们自１９８７年３月～１９９１年５月为３３例二尖瓣关闭不全病人施行了瓣膜修复术，其中１８例（５４．５５％）系在经食管超声监测下进行，现就后者报道如下：临床资料１...     

冠状动脉旁路移植同期行二尖瓣成形术治疗缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全

目的总结缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全（IMR）患者同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）和二尖瓣成形术的临床经验,以提高手术疗效。方法对36例IMR行CABG加同期二尖瓣成形术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。共移植血管93支,平均每例2.58支。二尖瓣成形采用Carpentier环6例,Duran环14例,交界褥式环缩16例;edgetoedge技术6例,后叶楔形切除2例。结果住院死亡5例（13.89%）,死亡原因：低心排血量、循环功能衰竭、肾功能衰竭和脑梗死。术后随访21例,失访10例,随访时间26.4±5.6个月,远期死亡3例。生存患者心功能分级（NYHA）级14例,级3例,级1例。随访期间复查超声心动图提示：二尖瓣无反流或微量反流4例,轻度反流13例,中度反流4例;心功能明显改善。结论对冠状动脉多支病变合并中度IMR患者应慎重选择二尖瓣成形手术,单纯CABG可能是首选的治疗方案。CABG同期行二尖瓣成形术治疗IMR早期效果较好,远期复发率高,但多数患者不需再次手术治疗。     

冠心病合并二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗

目的　探讨冠心病合并二尖瓣关闭不全 (MR)的外科治疗方法。方法　 1994年 4月至2 0 0 0年 10月 ,同期手术治疗冠心病合并MR病人 34例 ,其中二尖瓣轻度反流 1例 ,中度反流 2 5例 ,重度反流 8例。二尖瓣的病理改变主要表现为单纯瓣环扩大、瓣叶脱垂或二尖瓣腱索断裂。手术均在低温体外循环下进行。二尖瓣成形 (MVP) 2 7例 ;单纯二尖瓣前交界或双交界折叠环缩 15例 ;脱垂瓣叶切除后再缝合 9例 ;二尖瓣前叶脱垂部分直接缝合到相应的后叶形成双孔二尖瓣 3例 ;应用二尖瓣瓣环 2 0例 ;二尖瓣置换 (MVR) 7例 ,均选择机械瓣。结果　无手术或住院死亡和严重并发症。超声心动图检查提示平均左室舒张末径为 (5 3 0± 6 3)mm ,与术前比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。 31例平均随访 2 9个月。无远期死亡。病人生活质量均明显提高。心功能I～II级 2 8例 ,III级 3例。超声心动图检查提示微量二尖瓣反流 6例 ,少至中度反流 3例。机械瓣功能正常。结论　冠心病合并中度以上MR应积极处理 ,二尖瓣成形应为首选     

二尖瓣成形术中轻度功能性三尖瓣反流的处理

目的探讨中重度粘液样退行性二尖瓣关闭不全合并轻度功能性三尖瓣反流患者,二尖瓣成形术（mitralvalverepair,MVP）同期是否需行三尖瓣成形术（tricuspidvalvuloplasty,TVP）。方法根据MVP同期是否行TVP,将1993年1月至2008年3月第二军医大学附属长海医院胸心外科135例中重度粘液样退行性二尖瓣关闭不全合并轻度功能性三尖瓣反流患者分成MVP组（76例）和MVP＋TVP组（59例）,观察两组患者围术期病死率和三尖瓣反流的变化,比较两组患者术后远期生存率、三尖瓣中重度反流免除率;采用多因素Coxregression分析术后远期三尖瓣中重度反流的危险因素。结果（1）所有患者围术期均无死亡,术后在院期间复查超声心动图提示两组患者三尖瓣反流程度均为轻度或轻度以下;（2）MVP组患者术后5年、10年生存率分别为98．4％和95．0％;MVP＋TVP组患者术后5年、l0年生存率分别为100．0％和93．7％,两组患者术后远期生存率差异无统计学意义（P=0．311）,但术后远期三尖瓣中重度反流免除率差异有统计学意义（P=0．040）。多因素分析显示：术前存在肺动脉压〉30mmHg（95％CI：1．127,137．487,P=0．040）,心房颤动（95％CI：1．177,23．378,P=0．030）是术后远期三尖瓣中重度反流的独立危险因子。结论中重度粘液样退行性二尖瓣关闭不全患者合并轻度功能性三尖瓣反流,特别是术前存在肺动脉压〉30mmHg、心房颤动的患者,MVP同期应积极行TVP。     

Prognosis for Mitral Valve Repair Surgery in Functional Mitral Regurgitation

Purpose: Our aim was to evaluate the development of new significant mitral regurgitation and long-term survival after mitral repair surgery in functional mitral regurgitation.Methods: A retrospective observational analysis of the recurrence of functional mitral regurgitation (ischemic and nonischemic) and global mortality during follow-up of 176 patients who underwent mitral repair surgery between 1999 and 2018 in our center was conducted.Results: The etiology of functional mitral regurgitation was ischemic in 55.7% of cases. After surgery, mitral regurgitation was 0-I in 92.3% of cases. We conducted a long-term clinical follow-up of a mean 42.2 months and an echocardiographic follow-up of a mean 41.8 months. We observed mitral regurgitation of at least grade II in 52 patients (36.9%). Survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 78.8%, 66.7%, and 52.3%, respectively. Predictive factors for global mortality were age (hazard ratio = 1.038, p = 0.01) and a depressed preoperative ejection fraction. After a competing risk analysis, we found the only predictive factor for the recurrence of mitral regurgitation in our series to be age (sub-hazard ratio = 1.03, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.06, p = 0.016).Conclusion: Repair surgery for functional mitral regurgitation shows age as the only independent predictor of recurrence. Age and depressed ejection fraction were predictors of mortality.     

Concomitant Mitral Regurgitation in Patients Undergoing Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement for Aortic Stenosis: A Systematic Review

Background: Concomitant mitral regurgitation (MR) is frequently seen in patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) for severe aortic stenosis (AS). When the severity of MR is moderate or less, the decision to undertake simultaneous mitral valve intervention can be challenging.Methods: A systematic search of Medline, PubMed (NCBI), Embase and Cochrane Library was conducted to qualitatively assess the current evidence for concomitant mitral valve intervention for MR in patients with AS undergoing AVR. The primary outcome for this systematic review was the postoperative change in the severity of MR and other outcomes of interest included factors that predict improvement or persistence of MR and long-term impacts of residual MR.Results: A total of 17 studies were included. The percentage of patients demonstrating improvement in MR severity following AVR ranged from 17.2% to 72%; the studies that exclusively included patients with moderate functional MR and reported longer term echocardiographic follow-up of greater than 12 months demonstrated an improvement in MR severity of 45% to 72%.Conclusion: This systematic review demonstrates that a proportion of patients can exhibit an improvement in MR following isolated surgical AVR, but whether this confers any long-term morbidity and mortality benefit remains unclear.     

二尖瓣成形术治疗二尖瓣关闭不全

二尖瓣成形术与二尖瓣置换术相比有较多优点，因此，近年来二尖瓣成形术治疗二尖瓣关闭不全越来越受到临床医生的重视。针对二尖瓣关闭不全的不同病理改变，可以采用瓣环成形、三角形切除、四边形切除以及腱索转移、置换等方法。随着微创外科的发展，小切口二尖瓣成形和机器人辅助的二尖瓣成形技术也逐渐发展起来；另外，对二尖瓣关闭不全进行介入治疗也开始起步。相信随着手术技术的不断成熟，将会有更多二尖瓣关闭不全患者接受二尖瓣成形术的治疗。     

二尖瓣成形术在感染性心内膜炎二尖瓣关闭不全治疗中的应用

目的评价二尖瓣成形术治疗感染性心内膜炎二尖瓣关闭不全的疗效。方法自2002年3月至2012年1月共有33例感染性心内膜炎二尖瓣关闭不全患者在北京阜外心血管病医院接受二尖瓣成形术,其中男23例、女10例,年龄10～67（35.7±17.8）岁。13例有心脏基础解剖病变。术前二尖瓣轻度反流5例,中度反流15例,重度反流13例。心功能分级（NYHA）Ⅰ级5例,Ⅱ级23,Ⅲ级4例,Ⅳ级1例。所有患者均行二尖瓣成形术,活动期手术14例。同期行主动脉瓣置换术6例,三尖瓣成形术5例,冠状动脉旁路移植术1例,左心房粘液瘤切除术1例,主动脉窦瘤修补术1例。成形方法包括心包修补穿孔5例,瓣叶切除缝合17例,双孔法成形3例,腱索转移及人工腱索5例,15例使用人工成形环。结果围术期死亡1例,于术后7 d并发急性心肌梗死死亡。32例存活患者均康复出院。出院前超声心动图提示：左心室舒张期末内径、左心房内径分别为（48.9±7.6）mm及（31.7±7.4）mm,较术前有明显改善（P=0.000）。32例患者完成随访,随访时间6～125（73.0±38.6）个月。随访期间无死亡,无心内膜炎复发及出血栓塞等并发症。1例术后3年因二尖瓣狭窄而行二尖瓣机械瓣置换术。心功能分级（NYHA）Ⅰ级25例,Ⅱ级5例,Ⅲ级2例。二尖瓣有少量反流4例,中量反流1例,无反流26例;舒张期二尖瓣流速偏快（1.7 m/s）1例,主动脉瓣中量反流1例。左心室舒张期末内径及左心房内径与术后早期比较差异无统计学意义,射血分数较术后早期改善（60.9%±6.6%vs.57.5%±6.7%;P=0.043）。结论二尖瓣成形术治疗感染性心内膜炎二尖瓣关闭不全疗效可靠,左心房、左心室内径显著减小,心功能改善明显。     

非体外循环下采用自制二尖瓣成形装置手术治疗轻至中度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全

目的尝试在非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)期间对轻至中度缺血性二尖瓣反流(IMR)患者采用自制二尖瓣成形装置进行外科处理,并评估其疗效。方法回顾性分析自2009年9月至2011年8月北京安贞医院6例轻至中度IMR患者(男4例、女2例,年龄52～73岁)在OPCAB期间采用自制二尖瓣成形装置进行二尖瓣成形的临床资料。在处理IMR前及处理后通过经食管超声心动图测定IMR程度、二尖瓣瓣环前后径、左心室短轴径、左心室长轴径、左心室球形指数(左心室短轴径/左心室长轴径)等;通过Swan-Ganz导管测量并记录主动脉平均压、肺动脉平均压和中心静脉压等。比较围术期相关心功能指标。结果无住院死亡。二尖瓣成形后IMR均消失、二尖瓣瓣环前后径[(3.43±0.08)cm vs.(3.68±0.08)cm;t=5.430,P=0.001]、左心室短轴径[(4.80±0.21)cm vs.(5.53±0.11)cm;t=7.530,P=0.001]和左心室球形指数(0.64±0.02 vs.0.74±0.01;t=11.110,P=0.002)均较处理前明显减小;左心室长轴径无明显变化(P>0.05);术中血流动力学指标无明显变化。术后3个月6例患者(随访率100%)均在门诊复查,均无自主临床症状,心功能均改善至Ⅰ级(NYHA)。超声心动图提示:二尖瓣无反流4例,有微量反流2例。结论在OPCAB期间采用自制二尖瓣成形装置成形治疗IMR,直接完成了左心室塑型,规避了体外循环风险,即刻疗效确切,对循环指标影响甚小,有一定的临床应用价值。     

A Nationwide Survey of Surgical Treatment for Severe Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation

Objective: Mitral subvalvular procedures in addition to restrictive annuloplasty are promising for ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR). However, the prevalence and efficacy of specific subvalvular repair in severe IMR have not been elucidated. This is the first nationwide survey regarding surgeons’ attitudes toward IMR in Japan.Methods: A questionnaire was sent to 543 institutions. From 2015 to 2019, numbers of elective first-time mitral valve replacement (MVR) with/without complete chordal preservation (CCP)/papillary muscle approximation (PMA) and mitral valvuloplasty (MVP) with/without papillary muscle relocation (PMR)/PMA in patients with severe IMR were collected. Concomitant procedures for coronary artery, tricuspid valve, and arrhythmia could be included but left ventricular reconstruction was excluded.Results: Completed questionnaires were received from 286 institutions (52.7%). The majority (90%) had less than 20 cases within 5 years. The number of MVP (1413, 61.5%) surpassed MVR (886, 38.5%). CCP was performed in half of MVR (50.0%), while PMA was included in only 1.9% of MVR. PMA and PMR were also performed infrequently, in only 7.7% and 10.9% of MVP, respectively.Conclusion: Japanese surgeons aggressively perform MVP for severe IMR. Subvalvular repair was also aggressively performed in addition to MVR, but not to MVP. A multicenter registry study is in progress.     

The Impact of Preoperative and Postoperative Pulmonary Hypertension on Long-Term Surgical Outcome after Mitral Valve Repair for Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation

Purpose: The aim of this study is to elucidate the impact of preoperative and postoperative pulmonary hypertension (PH) on long-term clinical outcomes after mitral valve repair for degenerative mitral regurgitation.Methods: A total of 654 patients who underwent mitral valve repair for degenerative mitral regurgitation between 1991 and 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into PH(+) group (137 patients) and PH(–) group (517 patients). Follow-up was complete in 99.0%. The median follow-up duration was 7.5 years.Results: Patients in PH(+) group were older, more symptomatic and had higher tricuspid regurgitation grade. Thirty-day mortality was not different between 2 groups (p = 0.975). Long-term survival rate was lower in PH(+) group; 10-year survival rate after the operation was 85.2% ± 4.0% in PH(+) group and 89.7% ± 1.8% in PH(–) group (Log-rank, p = 0.019). The incidence of late cardiac events were not different between groups, however, the recurrence of PH was more frequent in PH(+) group. The recurrence of PH had an adverse impact on survival rate, late cardiac events and symptoms. Univariate analysis showed age and preoperative tricuspid regurgitation grade were the predictors of PH recurrence.Conclusion: Early surgical indication should be advocated for degenerative mitral regurgitation before the progression of pulmonary hypertension and tricuspid regurgitation.     

Annuloaortic Repair in the Treatment of Aortic Regurgitation and Aortic Root Pathology

We developed a new technique of aortic root repair which may be able to eliminate the potential problem of leaflet damage, resulting from the direct contact of the aortic leaflets with synthetic vascular grafts during systole. This report describes our technique of annuloaortic repair and the operative results. Between February 1995 and October 1998, 13 patients underwent annuloaortic repair. The patients included 8 males and 5 females (mean age 50 years). Four patients had grade IV/IV aortic regurgitation (AR), 5 had III/IV AR, 2 had II/IV AR, and 1 had no AR preoperatively. Regarding the preoperative functional status, 1 patient was classified as New York Heart Association class IV, 5 were class III, 6 class II, and 1 class I. Concomitant cardiovascular procedures were performed in 12 cases. Aortic valvuloplasty or annuloplasty was performed in 7 patients. Both operative and short-term postoperative results with pre- and postoperative echocardiographic findings were studied retrospectively. The mean total cardiopulmonary bypass time was 212 min. The mean aortic cross-clamp time was 130 min. Circulatory arrest was induced in 5 patients. Postoperatively, 7 patients had no AR. Three patients had grade I/IV AR and 3 had grade II/IV AR. Perioperative changes in aortic annulus, mid-sinus portion, and sinotubular junction diameters were determined echocardiographically in 5 patients. The preoperative diameters were 2.7 +/- 0.4, 5.4 +/- 0.5, and 4.7 +/- 1.0 cm, respectively. The postoperative diameters were 2.3 +/- 0.5, 4.2 +/- 0.5, and 3.5 +/- 0.5cm, respectively. Ten patients were class I and 2 were class II. This technique of annuloaortic repair with or without aortic valvuloplasty is applicable to a certain subset of patients with aortic root disease and AR. Both the indications for this procedure and the long-term results should be confirmed.