The effect of pleasant odors and hormone status on mood of women at midlife

The effect of odors on the mood of 56 women ranging in age from 45 to 60 years was determined using the POMS (Profile of Mood States). The 56 subjects were divided into four groups of 14 subjects each on the basis of hormonal status. Group 1 consisted of 14 women who were still menstruating; group 2 consisted of 14 women who were no longer menstruating and taking estrogen; group 3 consisted of 14 women who were no longer menstruating and taking estrogen and progesterone; and, group 4 consisted of 14 women who were no longer menstruating and taking no hormone replacement. Use of pleasant odors significantly improved scores on tension, depression, and confusion factors. In addition, women using estrogen replacement with or without progesterone had better mood scores than those who did not, which is consistent with previous studies.     

Evaluation of four highly cited energy and fatigue mood measures

This paper evaluates four highly cited measures of energy and fatigue moods. Substantial experimental and correlational evidence supports the conclusion that scores from the vitality scale of the SF-36 Health Survey can provide a valid measure of the recalled frequency of month-long feelings of energy and fatigue. Substantial experimental and correlational evidence supports the conclusion that scores from the fatigue and vigor scales of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) can provide reliable and valid measures the intensity of both week-long and "right now" fatigue and energy mood states, respectively. A smaller body of evidence supports the conclusion that scores from the energy scale of the Activation-Deactivation Adjective Checklist (AD-ACL) can provide a valid measure of the "right now" mood of energy; however, the energy scale of the AD-ACL has several limitations compared to the POMS vigor scale. All the measures lacked integration within a compelling theory of the mood of energy-fatigue. It is concluded that progress in understanding of energy and fatigue mood states will be aided by advances in both the psychobiological conceptualization of fatigue and energy mood states and their measurement.     

Impact of selenium on mood and quality of life: a randomized, controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Selenium is known to be important to the brain. Three small, published studies have suggested an effect of selenium supplementation or deprivation on mood in healthy volunteers. We investigated these findings on a much larger scale. METHODS: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention, 501 UK participants aged 60-74 were randomly allocated to receive 100, 200 or 300 microg selenium/d as high-selenium yeast or placebo yeast. Mood (Profile of Moods States - Bipolar Form [POMS-BI] questionnaire), "quality of life" (Short Form 36 [SF-36] questionnaire) and plasma selenium were measured at baseline and six months. RESULTS: Supplementation significantly increased plasma selenium above baseline values: from an overall mean (SD) of 90(19) ng/g to 91(26), 144(27), 191(41) and 227(53) ng/g in the placebo, 100, 200, 300 microg selenium groups respectively (p < .001). Four hundred forty-eight participants completed the POMS-BI questionnaires at both time points, with no significant differences in total mood or mood-subscale scores seen between doses. After six months of supplementation, mean (SD) total mood scores for the four doses were 163(36), 161(37), 162(33), 162(34), F(3,443) = .25, p = .86. Quality of life was similarly unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: There was no evidence that selenium supplementation benefited mood or quality of life in these elderly volunteers. Though this is at odds with some previous results, our robust study design, much larger sample size and longer supplementation period, together with the evidence that the brain is a privileged site for selenium retention, suggest that this is a reliable finding.     

西酞普兰联合普瑞巴林对椎体压缩性骨折患者睡眠、情绪和疼痛的影响

目的 探讨西酞普兰联合普瑞巴林对接受椎体成形术治疗的椎体压缩性骨折患者的治疗效果.方法 选取我院97例拟行椎体成形术治疗的椎体压缩性骨折患者,采用随机数字表法进行分组,对照组48例采用普瑞巴林治疗,观察组49例增加西酞普兰联合治疗,两组患者均于术前1d进行治疗,术后持续治疗13d,总疗程14d,对比两组患者术后12h、...     

帕罗西汀联合心理治疗对产后抑郁患者负面情绪及睡眠质量的影响

目的 探讨帕罗西汀联合心理治疗对产后抑郁患者负面情绪及睡眠质量的影响.方法 选取2017年1月～2019年6月我院收治的111例产后抑郁症患者作为主要研究对象.按随机数字表法将研究对象随机分为观察组和对照组,两组患者均接受心理治疗.在此基础上,对照组(55例)给予马普替林治疗,观察组(56例)给予帕罗西汀治疗,观察对比...     

The neuropsychiatry of multiple sclerosis: Focus on disorders of mood,affect and behaviour

Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common in multiple sclerosis (MS). They include two broad categories of disturbances: abnormalities in cognition, and abnormalities of mood, affect and behaviour. The present review deals with the epidemiology, clinical features, etiology and treatment of disturbances included in the second category, i.e., major depression, fatigue and sleep disorders, bipolar disorder, euphoria, pathological laughing and crying, anxiety, psychosis and personality changes. Major depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders in MS with an approximate 50% lifetime prevalence rate. Early recognition and management of depression in MS is of major importance because it is a key predictor of morbidity, mortality, quality of life, possibly physical outcome and disease exacerbations, adherence to immunomodulatory treatments and suicide risk in MS patients, as well as of the caregiver's distress and quality of life. The etiopathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders in MS has been incompletely investigated. It is postulated that a complex interplay of biological, disease-related, behavioural and psychosocial factors contribute to the pathophysiology of most of them. Management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in MS is often effective, although commonly based on evidence provided by case studies and uncontrolled trials. A comprehensive biopsychosocial neuropsychiatric approach is essential for the optimal care of patients with MS.     

Difficulties with emotion regulation in multiple sclerosis: Links to executive function,mood, and quality of life

Introduction: Little is known about the influence of multiple sclerosis (MS) on the regulation of emotion. The current study tested whether people with MS report more emotion regulation difficulties than healthy controls. The relationship between emotion regulation and other important variables (mood, quality of life, and executive function) was explored. Mediation models were used to further understand the links between emotion regulation, depressed mood, and executive function in MS. Method: A total of 31 people with MS and 31 controls completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scales and measures of executive function (fluency and a go/no-go task), mood (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales), and a multidimensional assessment of quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life, brief version). Results: People with MS reported experiencing more difficulties in emotion regulation than controls. Mediation analyses indicated that depression mediated the emotion regulation difficulties in MS, while executive dysfunction did not. Difficulties in emotion regulation predicted poorer psychological and social quality of life in MS, independent of problems with executive function. Conclusions: People with MS experience difficulties in emotion regulation, which predict poorer quality of life. These results indicate that emotional control skills should be investigated in further detail when considering interventions to enhance well-being in MS.     

Role of disease severity, illness perceptions, and mood on quality of life in muscle disease

Introduction: The aim of this study was to describe the effect of muscle disease upon QoL and to explore the influence of disease severity, mood, and illness perception on the QoL of these patients. Methods: Validated questionnaires assessing QoL (Individualized Neuromuscular QoL and SF-36), disease severity (Health Assessment Questionnaire), mood (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and illness perception (Illness Perception Questionnaire) were sent to adults with muscle disease. Results: We received 302 responses (return rate 75%). QoL was reduced, particularly for "physical" domains, but "psychological" domains were also affected. Disease severity was the main determinant for the "physical" domains of QoL, but mood and illness perception played a part. Conversely, mood and illness perception were the main determinants for the "psychological" domains of QoL. Conclusions: Because mood and illness perception explain significant variance in QoL in muscle disease, there is scope for devising psychosocial interventions that may improve QoL for those with muscle disease. Muscle Nerve 46: 351-359, 2012.     

Effects of mood on the speed of conscious perception: behavioural and electrophysiological evidence

When a visual stimulus is quickly followed in time by a second visual stimulus, we are normally unable to perceive it consciously. This study examined how affective states influence this temporal limit of conscious perception. Using a masked visual perception task, we found that the temporal threshold for access to consciousness is decreased in negative mood and increased in positive mood. To identify the brain mechanisms associated with this effect, we analysed brain oscillations. The mood-induced differences in perception performance were associated with differences in ongoing alpha power (around 10 Hz) before stimulus presentation. Additionally, after stimulus presentation, the better performance during negative mood was associated with enhanced global coordination of neuronal activity of theta oscillations (around 5 Hz). Thus, the effect of mood on the speed of conscious perception seems to depend on changes in oscillatory brain activity, rendering the cognitive system more or less sensitive to incoming stimuli.     

BDNF and BMI effects on brain structures of bipolar offspring: results from the global mood and brain science initiative

Objective

To compare brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels between offspring of individuals with bipolar disorders (BD) and healthy controls (HCs) and investigate the effects of BDNF levels and body mass index (BMI) on brain structures.

Method

Sixty‐seven bipolar offspring and 45 HCs were included (ages 8‐28). Structural images were acquired using 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Serum BDNF levels were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Multivariate and univariate analyses of covariance were conducted.

Results

Significantly higher BDNF levels were observed among bipolar offspring, relative to HCs (P > 0.025). Offspring status moderated the association between BDNF and BMI (F₁=4.636, P = 0.034). After adjustment for relevant covariates, there was a trend for a significant interaction of group and BDNF on neuroimaging parameters (Wilks’λ F_56,94=1.463, P = 0.052), with significant effects on cerebellar white matter and superior and middle frontal regions. Brain volume and BDNF were positively correlated among HCs and negatively correlated among bipolar offspring. Interactions between BDNF and BMI on brain volumes were non‐significant among HCs (Wilks’λ F_28,2=2.229, P = 0.357), but significant among bipolar offspring (Wilks’λ F_28,12=2.899, P = 0.028).

Conclusion

Offspring status and BMI moderate the association between BDNF levels and brain structures among bipolar offspring, underscoring BDNF regulation and overweight/obesity as key moderators of BD pathogenesis.     

Prophylactic treatment of bipolar disorder in pregnancy and breastfeeding: focus on emerging mood stabilizers

OBJECTIVES: Bipolar disorders are reported to have a high incidence during childbearing years and the need may arise to start or continue a pharmacological treatment during pregnancy and the postpartum period. In the last few years several investigations have evaluated the efficacy of emerging mood-stabilizing agents in the treatment of bipolar disorders, such as lamotrigine, olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, aripiprazole and ziprasidone. A number of studies, which examined the use of oxcarbazepine, point to its potential usefulness in prophylactic treatment. The aim of this review is to compare information from the literature on the safety of lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, risperidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine to the safety data on classic mood stabilizers during pregnancy and the postpartum period. METHODS: A computerized search carried out from 1980 to April 5, 2006 led to the summarization of the results. (References were updated after acceptance and prior to publication.) RESULTS: Emerging mood stabilizers show uncertain safety parameters in pregnancy and lactation. Limited information on lamotrigine and oxcarbazepine does not suggest a clear increase in teratogenicity, while olanzapine appears to be associated with a higher risk of metabolic complications in pregnant women. Data about risperidone and quetiapine are still inconclusive. Finally, the literature on the safety of these compounds in breastfeeding is anecdotal. CONCLUSIONS: Untreated pregnant bipolar women are at an increased risk of poor obstetrical outcomes and relapse of affective symptoms. On the other hand, classic antiepileptic drugs are well-known human teratogens, whereas data on lithium are partially ambiguous. The safety of emerging mood stabilizers in pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been examined extensively. Therefore, when approaching bipolar disorder, if possible, each episode must be considered separately.     

Effects of one night of induced night-wakings versus sleep restriction on sustained attention and mood: a pilot study

ObjectiveDespite their high prevalence in daily life, repeated night-wakings and their cognitive and emotional consequences have received less research attention compared to other types of sleep disturbances. Our aim was to experimentally compare the effects of one night of induced infrequent night-wakings (of ∼15 min, each requiring a purposeful response) and sleep restriction on sustained attention and mood in young adults.MethodsIn a within-between subjects counterbalanced design, 61 healthy adults (40 females; aged 20–29 years) underwent home assessments of sustained attention and self-reported mood at two times: after a normal (control) sleep night, and after a night of either sleep restriction (4 h in bed) or induced night-wakings (four prolonged awakenings across 8 h in bed). Sleep was monitored using actigraphy and sleep diaries. Sustained attention was assessed using an online continuous performance test (OCPT), and mood was reported online using the Profile of Mood States (POMS).ResultsActigraphic data revealed good compliance with experimental sleep requirements. Induced night-wakings and sleep restriction both resulted in more OCPT omission and commission errors, and in increased depression, fatigue and confusion levels and reduced vigor compared to the normal sleep night. Moreover, there were no significant differences between the consequences of induced awakenings and sleep restriction.ConclusionsOur pilot study indicates that, similar to sleep restriction, one night of life-like repeated night-wakings negatively affects mood and sustained attention.     

Acute effects of immediate and controlled-release levodopa on mood in Parkinson's disease: A double-blind study.

Mood fluctuations related to levodopa (LD) dosing are well-known psychiatric complications of Parkinson's disease (PD). No formal studies explored how affective response to LD relates to the type of motor response to oral LD (stable or wearing-off) and to different pharmacokinetic profiles of oral LD. We used an intrasubject randomized double-blind crossover design to study 14 patients (7 stable, 7 wearing-off) who were monitored for motor status, mood, anxiety, and plasma LD levels 1 hour before and 6 hours after an oral dose of immediate-release (IR) and controlled-release LD formulations. Analysis of the dose-response curves showed a significant interaction between the type of motor response and the type of LD. Only the wearing-off patients had a significant mood elevation, and this effect was only significant following challenge with IR LD. Motor status strongly correlated with LD plasma levels and anxiety but not with mood ratings. Mood changes in PD patients are related to the patient's type of motor response to oral LD and also to the kinetic profile of the LD formulation used for dopaminergic replacement.     

The effect of blueberry interventions on cognitive performance and mood: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Blueberries are rich in polyphenols that may be beneficial to cognitive performance and mood. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of blueberries and blueberry products on measures of cognition and mood. In total, eleven articles (that included 12 studies) were identified using freeze-dried blueberries (n = 9 studies), whole blueberries (n = 2) and blueberry concentrate (n = 1). These studies were conducted in children (n = 5), young adults (n = 1), and older people with either no known cognitive impairment (n = 4) or indicated cognitive impairment (n = 2). Eight studies reported blueberry consumption or supplementation at various doses and time lengths to improve measures of cognitive performance, particularly short- and long-term memory and spatial memory. For mood, one study reported significant between-group improvements in positive affect from blueberry products, whereas four studies reported no improvement. Low risk of bias were observed across all studies. Based on the current evidence, blueberries may improve some measures of cognitive performance. However, considerable differences in study design, dosages, and anthocyanin content hinder between-study comparison. The use of standardized blueberry interventions, consideration of placebo formulations, and consistently reported cognitive performance tools are recommended in future trials. PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018100888.     

Physical activity buffers the effects of family conflict on depressed mood: a study on adolescent girls and boys

This paper investigates the relationship between physical activity and depressed mood, under conditions of family conflict. We analyze data from a representative sample of 7232 Icelandic adolescents. Analysis of variance was carried out to test for main and interaction effects. The study shows that while family conflict increases the likelihood of depressed mood, among adolescents, physical activity decreases the likelihood of depressed mood. Furthermore, physical activity plays a more important role among those adolescents living in aversive circumstances, than other adolescents, as family conflict and physical activity interact in the effect on depressed mood for adolescents living in such circumstances. The findings highlight the role of physical activity in decreasing mental distress among adolescents, especially those living in aversive circumstances at home.     

Co-occurrence of 12-month mood and anxiety disorders and personality disorders in the US: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and co-occurrence of DSM-IV personality disorders (PDs) among individuals with current DSM-IV mood and anxiety disorders in the US population and among individuals who sought treatment for such mood or anxiety disorders. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 43,093 individuals, 18 years and older, in the National Institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism's 2001-2002 National epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions (NESARC). Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to determine the prevalence and associations between current DSM-IV axis I and axis II disorders. Associations between mood, anxiety and PDs were all positive and statistically significant. Avoidant and dependent PDs were more strongly related to mood and anxiety disorders than other PDs. Associations between obsessive-compulsive PD and mood and anxiety disorders were significant, but much weaker. Paranoid and schizoid PDs were most strongly related to dysthymia, mania, panic disorder with agoraphobia, social phobia and generalized anxiety disorder, while histrionic and antisocial PDs were most strongly related to mania and panic disorder with agoraphobia. Results of this study highlight the need for further research on overlapping symptomatology, factors giving rise to the associations and the treatment implications of these disorders when comorbid.     

Immediate quantitative effects of recreational music therapy on mood and perceived helpfulness in acute psychiatric inpatients: An exploratory investigation

The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine the immediate quantitative effects of single recreational music therapy interventions on mood utilizing a pre- posttest research design. Participants (N = 41) were acute psychiatric inpatients. Using the Quick Mood Scale ( Woodruffe-Peacock, Turnbull, Johnson, Elahi, & Preston, 1998), the researchers compared pre- and posttest measures in participants’ moods with 10 different recreational music therapy interventions. Results indicated positive and significant immediate changes in four mood factors after a single recreational music therapy session: (a) wide awake/drowsy, (b) relaxed/anxious, (c) cheerful/depressed, and (d) friendly/aggressive. There were no significant between-intervention differences concerning mood or posttest measures of perceived helpfulness and enjoyment. From the results of this study, it seems that recreational music therapy interventions can have an immediate positive impact on acute psychiatric inpatients’ moods but the specific type of recreational music therapy intervention utilized does not affect outcome. Limitations, suggestions for future research, and implications for clinical practice are provided.     

The effects of negative and positive mood induction on eating behaviour: A meta-analysis of laboratory studies in the healthy population and eating and weight disorders

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to quantify the effect of induced negative and positive mood on meal consumption in healthy participants and patients with eating and weight disorders.MethodThe search term “MOOD” was combined with the following keywords: “TEST MEAL” or “LABORATORY FEEDING” or “LABORATORY MEAL” or “TASTE TEST” or “TASTE TASK” to identify the relevant studies.ResultsThirty-three studies were selected, including 2491 participants. Two meta-analyses compared negative mood or positive mood with neutral mood. Induced negative mood was significantly associated with greater food intake, especially in restrained eaters and binge eaters. Positive mood was also associated with greater caloric intake across groups.ConclusionThese findings support the causal relationship between negative mood and greater food intake, especially in restrained eaters and binge eaters. Preliminary evidence indicates that strategies to improve positive mood might be of benefit for people with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, although the size of the effect across a single meal is small.