共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Victoria L. Fields Ian T. Kracalik Christina Carthel Adriana Lopez Amy Schwartz Nathaniel M. Lewis Mackenzie Bray Carlene Claflin Kilee Jorgensen Ha Khong Walter Richards Ilene Risk Maureen Smithee Madison Clawson Lee Cherie Booth Tara Scribellito Jason Lowry Jessica Huynh Linda Davis Holly Birch Tiffany Tran Joseph Walker Alicia Fry Aron Hall Jodee Baker Eric Pevzner Angela C. Dunn Jacqueline E. Tate Hannah L. Kirking Tair Kiphibane Cuc H. Tran 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(12):2999
Outcomes and costs of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) contact tracing are limited. During March–May 2020, we constructed transmission chains from 184 index cases and 1,499 contacts in Salt Lake County, Utah, USA, to assess outcomes and estimate staff time and salaries. We estimated 1,102 staff hours and $29,234 spent investigating index cases and contacts. Among contacts, 374 (25%) had COVID-19; secondary case detection rate was ≈31% among first-generation contacts, ≈16% among second- and third-generation contacts, and ≈12% among fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-generation contacts. At initial interview, 51% (187/370) of contacts were COVID-19–positive; 35% (98/277) became positive during 14-day quarantine. Median time from symptom onset to investigation was 7 days for index cases and 4 days for first-generation contacts. Contact tracing reduced the number of cases between contact generations and time between symptom onset and investigation but required substantial resources. Our findings can help jurisdictions allocate resources for contact tracing. 相似文献
2.
Takayuki Kawashima Shuhei Nomura Yuta Tanoue Daisuke Yoneoka Akifumi Eguchi Chris Fook Sheng Ng Kentaro Matsuura Shoi Shi Koji Makiyama Shinya Uryu Yumi Kawamura Shinichi Takayanagi Stuart Gilmour Hiroaki Miyata Tomimasa Sunagawa Takuri Takahashi Yuuki Tsuchihashi Yusuke Kobayashi Yuzo Arima Kazuhiko Kanou Motoi Suzuki Masahiro Hashizume 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(3):789
To provide insight into the mortality burden of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Japan, we estimated the excess all-cause deaths for each week during the pandemic, January–May 2020, by prefecture and age group. We applied quasi-Poisson regression models to vital statistics data. Excess deaths were expressed as the range of differences between the observed and expected number of all-cause deaths and the 95% upper bound of the 1-sided prediction interval. A total of 208–4,322 all-cause excess deaths at the national level indicated a 0.03%–0.72% excess in the observed number of deaths. Prefecture and age structure consistency between the reported COVID-19 deaths and our estimates was weak, suggesting the need to use cause-specific analyses to distinguish between direct and indirect consequences of COVID-19. 相似文献
3.
Amitabh B. Suthar Sara Schubert Julie Garon Alexia Couture Amy M. Brown Sana Charania 《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(1):148
We compared case definitions for suspected, probable, and confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19), as well as diagnostic testing criteria, used in the 25 countries with the highest reported case counts as of October 1, 2020. Of the identified countries, 56% followed World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for using a combination of clinical and epidemiologic criteria as part of the suspected case definition. A total of 75% of identified countries followed WHO recommendations on using clinical, epidemiologic, and diagnostic criteria for probable cases; 72% followed WHO recommendations to use PCR testing to confirm COVID-19. Finally, 64% of countries used testing eligibility criteria at least as permissive as WHO. We observed marked heterogeneity in testing eligibility requirements and in how countries define a COVID-19 case. This heterogeneity affects the ability to compare case counts, transmission, and vaccine effectiveness, as well as estimates derived from case surveillance data across countries. 相似文献
4.
Haogao Gu Daisy Y.M. Ng Gigi Y.Z. Liu Samuel S.M. Cheng Pavithra Krishnan Lydia D.J. Chang Sammi S.Y. Cheuk Mani M.Y. Hui Tommy T.Y. Lam Malik Peiris Leo L.M. Poon 《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(6):1276
We studied SARS-CoV-2 genomes from travelers arriving in Hong Kong during November 2021–February 2022. In addition to Omicron and Delta variants, we detected a BA.1/BA.2 recombinant with a breakpoint near the 5′ end of the spike gene in 2 epidemiologically linked case-patients. Continued surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 recombinants is needed. 相似文献
5.
Rachel M. Burke Laura Calderwood Marie E. Killerby Candace E. Ashworth Abby L. Berns Skyler Brennan Jonathan M. Bressler Laurel Harduar Morano Nathaniel M. Lewis Tiffanie M. Markus Suzanne M. Newton Jennifer S. Read Tamara Rissman Joanne Taylor Jacqueline E. Tate Claire M. Midgley for the COVID- Case Investigation Form Working Group 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(9):2323
We characterized common exposures reported by a convenience sample of 202 US patients with coronavirus disease during January–April 2020 and identified factors associated with presumed household transmission. The most commonly reported settings of known exposure were households and healthcare facilities; among case-patients who had known contact with a confirmed case-patient compared with those who did not, healthcare occupations were more common. Among case-patients without known contact, use of public transportation was more common. Within the household, presumed transmission was highest from older (>65 years) index case-patients and from children to parents, independent of index case-patient age. These findings may inform guidance for limiting transmission and emphasize the value of testing to identify community-acquired infections. 相似文献
6.
Hannah R. Meredith Emerson Arehart Kyra H. Grantz Alexander Beams Theresa Sheets Richard Nelson Yue Zhang Russell G. Vinik Darryl Barfuss Jacob C. Pettit Keegan McCaffrey Angela C. Dunn Michael Good Shannon Frattaroli Matthew H. Samore Justin Lessler Elizabeth C. Lee Lindsay T. Keegan 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(5):1259
The coronavirus disease pandemic has highlighted the key role epidemiologic models play in supporting public health decision-making. In particular, these models provide estimates of outbreak potential when data are scarce and decision-making is critical and urgent. We document the integrated modeling response used in the US state of Utah early in the coronavirus disease pandemic, which brought together a diverse set of technical experts and public health and healthcare officials and led to an evidence-based response to the pandemic. We describe how we adapted a standard epidemiologic model; harmonized the outputs across modeling groups; and maintained a constant dialogue with policymakers at multiple levels of government to produce timely, evidence-based, and coordinated public health recommendations and interventions during the first wave of the pandemic. This framework continues to support the state’s response to ongoing outbreaks and can be applied in other settings to address unique public health challenges. 相似文献
7.
David Leeman Joe Flannagan Dimple Chudasama Kyle Dack Charlotte Anderson Gavin Dabrera Theresa Lamagni 《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(7):1366
Each September in England, ≈1 million students relocate to study at universities. To determine COVID-19 cases and outbreaks among university students after their return to university during the COVID pandemic in September 2020, we identified students with COVID-19 (student case-patients) by reviewing contact tracing records identifying attendance at university and residence in student accommodations identified by matching case-patients’ residential addresses with national property databases. We determined COVID-19 rates in towns/cities with and without a university campus. We identified 53,430 student case-patients during September 1–December 31, 2020, which accounted for 2.7% of all cases during this period. Student case-patients increased rapidly after the start of the term, driven initially by cases and outbreaks in student accommodations. Case rates among students 18–23 years of age doubled at the start of term in towns with universities. Our findings highlight the need for face-to-face and control measures to reduce virus transmission. 相似文献
8.
Sheryl Hui-Xian Ng Palvinder Kaur Ccile Kremer Woan Shin Tan Aidan Lyanzhiang Tan Niel Hens Matthias Paul Toh Kiok Liang Teow Palvannan Kannapiran 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(2):582
We estimated the generation interval distribution for coronavirus disease on the basis of serial intervals of observed infector–infectee pairs from established clusters in Singapore. The short mean generation interval and consequent high prevalence of presymptomatic transmission requires public health control measures to be responsive to these characteristics of the epidemic. 相似文献
9.
Kimberly H. Nguyen Jing Huang Kathrine Mansfield Laura Corlin Jennifer D. Allen 《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(3):631
To determine the extent of gaps in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine coverage among those in the United States with and without previous COVID-19 diagnoses, we used July 21–August 2, 2021, data from a large, nationally representative survey (Household Pulse Survey). We analyzed vaccine receipt (≥1 dose and full vaccination) and intention to be vaccinated for 63,266 persons. Vaccination receipt was lower among those who had a prior diagnosis of COVID-19 compared to those without: >1 dose: 73% and 85%, respectively, p<0.001; full vaccination: 69% and 82%, respectively, p<0.001). Reluctance to be vaccinated was higher among those with a previous COVID-19 diagnosis (14%) than among those without (9%). These findings suggest the need to focus educational and confidence-building interventions on adults when they receive a COVID-19 diagnosis, during clinic visits, or at the time of discharge if hospitalized and to better educate the public about the value of being vaccinated, regardless of previous COVID-19 status. 相似文献
10.
Federica Novazzi Andreina Baj Angelo Genoni Daniele Focosi Fabrizio Maggi 《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(6):1301
We report 25 cases of infection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant containing spike protein L452R mutation in northern Lombardy, Italy. Prevalence of this variant was >30% in this region, compared with <0.5% worldwide. Many laboratories are using previously developed L452R-specific PCRs to discriminate Omicron from Delta mutations, but these tests may be unreliable. 相似文献
11.
Alison E. Brown Ellen Heinsbroek Meaghan M. Kall Hester Allen Kazim Beebeejaun Paula Blomquist Ines Campos-Matos Colin N.J. Campbell Hamish Mohammed Katy Sinka Theresa Lamagni Nicholas Phin the PHE COVID- Mortality Working Group Gavin Dabrera 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(5):1468
Of the 58,186 coronavirus deaths among adults in England during March–December 2020, 77% occurred in hospitals, 93% were in patients >60 years, and 91% occurred within 28 days of positive specimen. Cumulative mortality rates were highest among persons of Black, Asian, other, or mixed ethnicities and in socioeconomically deprived areas. 相似文献
12.
Nicholas B. Lehnertz Xiong Wang Jacob Garfin Joanne Taylor Jennifer Zipprich Brittany VonBank Karen Martin Dana Eikmeier Carlota Medus Brooke Wiedinmyer Carmen Bernu Matthew Plumb Kelly Pung Margaret A. Honein Rosalind Carter Duncan MacCannell Kirk E. Smith Kathryn Como-Sabetti Kris Ehresmann Richard Danila Ruth Lynfield 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(8):2052
Coronavirus disease has disproportionately affected persons in congregate settings and high-density workplaces. To determine more about the transmission patterns of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in these settings, we performed whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis on 319 (14.4%) samples from 2,222 SARS-CoV-2–positive persons associated with 8 outbreaks in Minnesota, USA, during March–June 2020. Sequencing indicated that virus spread in 3 long-term care facilities and 2 correctional facilities was associated with a single genetic sequence and that in a fourth long-term care facility, outbreak cases were associated with 2 distinct sequences. In contrast, cases associated with outbreaks in 2 meat-processing plants were associated with multiple SARS-CoV-2 sequences. These results suggest that a single introduction of SARS-CoV-2 into a facility can result in a widespread outbreak. Early identification and cohorting (segregating) of virus-positive persons in these settings, along with continued vigilance with infection prevention and control measures, is imperative. 相似文献
13.
Nancy Ortiz Elsa Villarino James T. Lee Kristina L. Bajema Jessica N. Ricaldi Shanon Smith Wen Lin Margaret Cortese Albert E. Barskey Juliana F. Da Silva Brandon J. Bonin Sarah Rudman George S. Han Marc Fischer Shua J. Chai Sara H. Cody for the Santa Clara County COVID- Case Investigation Team 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(5):1301
In January 2020, Santa Clara County, California, USA, began identifying laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease among residents. County staff conducted case and contact investigations focused on households and collected detailed case demographic, occupation, exposure, and outcome information. We describe the first 200 test-positive cases during January 31–March 20, 2020, to inform future case and contact investigations. Probable infection sources included community transmission (104 cases), known close contact with a confirmed case-patient (66 cases), and travel (30 cases). Disease patterns across race and ethnicity, occupational, and household factors suggested multiple infection risk factors. Disproportionately high percentages of case-patients from racial and ethnic subgroups worked outside the home (Hispanic [86%] and Filipino [100%]); household transmission was more common among persons from Vietnam (53%). Even with the few initial cases, detailed case and contact investigations of household contacts capturing occupational and disaggregated race and ethnicity data helped identify at-risk groups and focused solutions for disease control. 相似文献
14.
Nicole Fowle Brenna Garrett OZandra L. Floyd Jennifer Collins Aaron D. Krasnow Mario Islas Steven C. Holland Matthew F. Smith Efrem S. Lim Nicole M. Jarrett Sarah E. Scott 《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(7):1520
We investigated a university-affiliated cohort of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 infections in Arizona, USA. Of 44 cases, 43 were among students; 26 persons were symptomatic, 8 sought medical care, but none were hospitalized. Most (55%) persons had completed a primary vaccine series; 8 received booster vaccines. BA.2 infection was mild in this young cohort. 相似文献
15.
Susan S. Chiu Benjamin J. Cowling J.S. Malik Peiris Eunice L.Y. Chan Wilfred H.S. Wong Kwok Piu Lee 《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(1):62
To determine the effects of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) for coronavirus disease on pediatric hospitalizations for infection with respiratory viruses other than severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, we analyzed hospital data for 2017–2021. Compared with 2017–2019, age-specific hospitalization rates associated with respiratory viruses greatly decreased in 2020, when NPIs were in place. Also when NPIs were in place, rates of hospitalization decreased among children of all ages for infection with influenza A and B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, parainfluenza viruses, human metapneumovirus, and rhinovirus/enterovirus. Regression models adjusted for age and seasonality indicated that hospitalization rates for acute febrile illness/respiratory symptoms of any cause were reduced by 76% and by 85%–99% for hospitalization for infection with these viruses. NPIs in Hong Kong were clearly associated with reduced pediatric hospitalizations for respiratory viruses; implementing NPIs and reopening schools were associated with only a small increase in hospitalizations for rhinovirus/enterovirus infections. 相似文献
16.
Reiko Miyahara Naho Tsuchiya Ikkoh Yasuda Yura K. Ko Yuki Furuse Eiichiro Sando Shohei Nagata Tadatsugu Imamura Mayuko Saito Konosuke Morimoto Takeaki Imamura Yugo Shobugawa Hiroshi Nishiura Motoi Suzuki Hitoshi Oshitani 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(3):915
The overall coronavirus disease secondary attack rate (SAR) in family members was 19.0% in 10 prefectures of Japan during February 22–May 31, 2020. The SAR was lower for primary cases diagnosed early, within 2 days after symptom onset. The SAR of asymptomatic primary cases was 11.8%. 相似文献
17.
18.
Mutien Garigliany Anne-Sophie Van Laere Ccile Clercx Didier Giet Nicolas Escriou Christle Huon Sylvie van der Werf Marc Eloit Daniel Desmecht 《Emerging infectious diseases》2020,26(12):3069
In March 2020, a severe respiratory syndrome developed in a cat, 1 week after its owner received positive test results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Viral RNA was detected in the cat’s nasopharyngeal swab samples and vomitus or feces; immunoglobulin against the virus was found in convalescent-phase serum. Human-to-cat transmission is suspected. 相似文献
19.
Jemma L. Geoghegan Jordan Douglas Xiaoyun Ren Matthew Storey James Hadfield Olin K. Silander Nikki E. Freed Lauren Jelley Sarah Jefferies Jillian Sherwood Shevaun Paine Sue Huang Andrew Sporle Michael G. Baker David R. Murdoch Alexei J. Drummond David Welch Colin R. Simpson Nigel French Edward C. Holmes Joep de Ligt 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(5):1317
Real-time genomic sequencing has played a major role in tracking the global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), contributing greatly to disease mitigation strategies. In August 2020, after having eliminated the virus, New Zealand experienced a second outbreak. During that outbreak, New Zealand used genomic sequencing in a primary role, leading to a second elimination of the virus. We generated genomes from 78% of the laboratory-confirmed samples of SARS-CoV-2 from the second outbreak and compared them with the available global genomic data. Genomic sequencing rapidly identified that virus causing the second outbreak in New Zealand belonged to a single cluster, thus resulting from a single introduction. However, successful identification of the origin of this outbreak was impeded by substantial biases and gaps in global sequencing data. Access to a broader and more heterogenous sample of global genomic data would strengthen efforts to locate the source of any new outbreaks. 相似文献
20.
Daniel Lule Bugembe My V.T. Phan Abe G. Abias James Ayei Lul Lojok Deng Richard Lino Loro Lako John Rumunu Pontiano Kaleebu Joseph Francis Wamala Juma John HM Dennis Kenyi Lodiongo Sudhir Bunga Matthew Cotten 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(12):3133
As the coronavirus pandemic continues, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequence data are required to inform vaccine efforts. We provide SARS-CoV-2 sequence data from South Sudan and document the dominance of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.525 (Eta variant) during the country''s second wave of infection. 相似文献