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Aharona Glatman-Freedman Michal Bromberg Yael Hershkovitz Hanna Sefty Zalman Kaufman Rita Dichtiar Lital Keinan-Boker 《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(5):948
We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech, https://www.pfizer.com) booster dose against SARS-CoV-2 infection and reduction of complications (hospitalization, severe disease, and death) among breakthrough cases in persons in Israel >16 years of age for <20 weeks. VE estimates reached 96.8% (95% CI 96.0%–97.5%) for persons 16–59 years of age and 93.1% (95% CI 91.8%–94.2%) for persons >60 years of age on week 3. VE estimates remained at these levels for 8 weeks in the 16–59 age group and 11 weeks in those >60. A slow decline followed, becoming more pronounced in the last 2–3 weeks of evaluation. Estimates in the last week of evaluation were 77.6% (95% CI 68.4%–84.2%) and 61.3% (52.5%–68.4%) for persons 16–59 years and >60 years, respectively. The more pronounced VE decline coincided with rapid increase in Omicron variant activity. Rate reduction of breakthrough complications remained moderate to high throughout the evaluation. 相似文献
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《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(1):35
During July 2021, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.617.2 variant infections, including vaccine breakthrough infections, occurred after large public gatherings in Provincetown, Massachusetts, USA, prompting a multistate investigation. Public health departments identified primary and secondary cases by using coronavirus disease surveillance data, case investigations, and contact tracing. A primary case was defined as SARS-CoV-2 detected <14 days after travel to or residence in Provincetown during July 3–17. A secondary case was defined as SARS-CoV-2 detected <14 days after close contact with a person who had a primary case but without travel to or residence in Provincetown during July 3–August 10. We identified 1,098 primary cases and 30 secondary cases associated with 26 primary cases among fully and non–fully vaccinated persons. Large gatherings can have widespread effects on SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and fully vaccinated persons should take precautions, such as masking, to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission, particularly during substantial or high transmission. 相似文献
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Anna R. Giuliano Shari Pilon-Thomas Michael J. Schell Martha Abrahamsen Jessica Y. Islam Kimberly Isaacs-Soriano Kayoko Kennedy Christopher W. Dukes Junmin Whiting Julie Rathwell Jonathan A. Hensel Leslie N. Mangual Ernst Schonbrunn Melissa Bikowitz Dylan Grassie Yan Yang 《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(3):556
Estimating the actual extent of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is challenging because virus test positivity data undercount the actual number and proportion of persons infected. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence is a marker of past SARS-CoV-2 infection regardless of presence or severity of symptoms and therefore is a robust biomarker of infection period prevalence. We estimated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among residents of Hillsborough County, Florida, USA, to determine factors independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 antibody status overall and among asymptomatic antibody-positive persons. Among 867 participants, SARS-CoV-2 period prevalence (October 2020–March 2021) was 19.5% (asymptomatic seroprevalence was 8%). Seroprevalence was 2-fold higher than reported SARS-CoV-2 virus test positivity. Factors related to social distancing (e.g., essential worker status, not practicing social distancing, contact with a virus-positive person, and length of contact exposure time) were consistently associated with seroprevalence but did not differ by time since suspected or known infection (<6 months vs. >6 months). 相似文献
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Dominique A. Badr Olivier Picone Elisa Bevilacqua Andrew Carlin Federica Meli Jeanne Sibiude Jrmie Mattern Jean-Franois Fils Laurent Mandelbrot Antonio Lanzone Danile De Luca Jacques C. Jani Alexandre J. Vivanti 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(10):2535
We conducted an international multicenter retrospective cohort study, PregOuTCOV, to examine the effect of gestational age at time of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on obstetric and neonatal outcomes. We included all singleton pregnancies with a live fetus at 10 weeks’ gestation in which pregnancy outcomes were known. The exposed group consisted of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, whereas the unexposed group consisted of all remaining patients during the same period. Primary outcomes were defined as composite adverse obstetric outcomes and composite adverse neonatal outcomes. Of 10,925 pregnant women, 393 (3.60%) were infected with SARS-CoV-2 (exposed group). After matching for possible confounders, we identified statistically significant increases in the exposed group of composite adverse obstetric outcomes at >20 weeks’ gestation and of composite adverse neonatal outcomes at >26 weeks’ gestation (p<0.001). Vaccination programs should target women early in pregnancy or before conception, if possible. 相似文献
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Freya Hogarth Pasqualina Coffey Laura Goddard Sarah Lewis Shereen Labib Mathilda Wilmot Patiyan Andersson Norelle Sherry Torsten Seemann Benjamin P. Howden Kevin Freeman Robert Baird Ian Hosegood Kathleen McDermott Nick Walsh Ben Polkinghorne Catherine Marshall Jane Davies Vicki Krause Ella M. Meumann 《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(7):1527
Epidemiologic and genomic investigation of SARS-CoV-2 infections associated with 2 repatriation flights from India to Australia in April 2021 indicated that 4 passengers transmitted SARS-CoV-2 to >11 other passengers. Results suggest transmission despite mandatory mask use and predeparture testing. For subsequent flights, predeparture quarantine and expanded predeparture testing were implemented. 相似文献
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Joseph A. Lewnard Ana M. Mora Oguchi Nkwocha Katherine Kogut Stephen A. Rauch Norma Morga Samantha Hernandez Marcus P. Wong Karen Huen Kristin Andrejko Nicholas P. Jewell Kimberly L. Parra Nina Holland Eva Harris Maximiliano Cuevas Brenda Eskenazi 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(5):1330
During the ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, farmworkers in the United States are considered essential personnel and continue in-person work. We conducted prospective surveillance for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and antibody prevalence among farmworkers in Salinas Valley, California, during June 15–November 30, 2020. We observed 22.1% (1,514/6,864) positivity for SARS-CoV-2 infection among farmworkers compared with 17.2% (1,255/7,305) among other adults from the same communities (risk ratio 1.29, 95% CI 1.20–1.37). In a nested study enrolling 1,115 farmworkers, prevalence of current infection was 27.7% among farmworkers reporting >1 COVID-19 symptom and 7.2% among farmworkers without symptoms (adjusted odds ratio 4.16, 95% CI 2.85–6.06). Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies increased from 10.5% (95% CI 6.0%–18.4%) during July 16–August 31 to 21.2% (95% CI 16.6%–27.4%) during November 1–30. High SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence among farmworkers underscores the need for vaccination and other preventive interventions. 相似文献
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Susana Monge Carmen Olmedo Beln Alejos María F Lapea María Jos Sierra Aurora Limia COVID- Registries Study Group 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(10):2595
We conducted a registries-based cohort study of long-term care facility residents >65 years of age offered vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 before March 10, 2021, in Spain. Risk for infection in vaccinated and nonvaccinated persons was compared with risk in the same persons in a period before the vaccination campaign, adjusted by daily-varying incidence and reproduction number. We selected 299,209 persons; 99.0% had >1 dose, 92.6% had 2 doses, and 99.8% of vaccines were Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT162b2). For vaccinated persons with no previous infection, vaccine effectiveness was 81.8% (95% CI 81.0%–82.7%), and 11.6 (95% CI 11.3–11.9) cases were prevented per 10,000 vaccinated/day. In those with previous infection, effectiveness was 56.8% (95% CI 47.1%–67.7%). In nonvaccinated residents with no previous infection, risk decreased by up to 81.4% (95% CI 73.3%–90.3%). Our results confirm vaccine effectiveness in this population and suggest indirect protection in nonvaccinated persons. 相似文献
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Rachel M. Burke Laura Calderwood Marie E. Killerby Candace E. Ashworth Abby L. Berns Skyler Brennan Jonathan M. Bressler Laurel Harduar Morano Nathaniel M. Lewis Tiffanie M. Markus Suzanne M. Newton Jennifer S. Read Tamara Rissman Joanne Taylor Jacqueline E. Tate Claire M. Midgley for the COVID- Case Investigation Form Working Group 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(9):2323
We characterized common exposures reported by a convenience sample of 202 US patients with coronavirus disease during January–April 2020 and identified factors associated with presumed household transmission. The most commonly reported settings of known exposure were households and healthcare facilities; among case-patients who had known contact with a confirmed case-patient compared with those who did not, healthcare occupations were more common. Among case-patients without known contact, use of public transportation was more common. Within the household, presumed transmission was highest from older (>65 years) index case-patients and from children to parents, independent of index case-patient age. These findings may inform guidance for limiting transmission and emphasize the value of testing to identify community-acquired infections. 相似文献
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Thomas Scheier Adrian Schibli Geri Eich Christian Rüegg Frank Kube Adrian Schmid Urs Karrer Aline Wolfensberger Hugo Sax Peter W. Schreiber 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(2):404
Switzerland began a national lockdown on March 16, 2020, in response to the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We assessed the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients admitted to 4 hospitals in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland, in April 2020. These 4 acute care hospitals screened 2,807 patients, including 2,278 (81.2%) who did not have symptoms of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Overall, 529 (18.8%) persons had >1 symptom of COVID-19, of whom 60 (11.3%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Eight asymptomatic persons (0.4%) also tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Our findings indicate that screening on the basis of COVID-19 symptoms, regardless of clinical suspicion, can identify most SARS-CoV-2–positive persons in a low-prevalence setting. 相似文献
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Alexander J. Millman Carrie Reed Pam Daily Kirley Deborah Aragon James Meek Monica M. Farley Patricia Ryan Jim Collins Ruth Lynfield Joan Baumbach Shelley Zansky Nancy M. Bennett Brian Fowler Ann Thomas Mary L. Lindegren Annette Atkinson Lyn Finelli Sandra S. Chaves 《Emerging infectious diseases》2015,21(9):1595-1601
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Yolanda M. Brooks Bailey Gryskwicz Shawn Sheehan Sheri Piers Parag Mahale Susan McNeil Jenna Chase Doreen Webber David Borys Michael Hilton Dion Robinson Stephen Sears Emer Smith Emily K. Lesher Robert Wilson Matthew Goodwin Michael Pardales 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(12):3111
We used wastewater surveillance to identify 2 coronavirus disease outbreaks at a college in Maine, USA. Cumulative increases of >1 log10 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA in consecutive 24-hour composite samples preceded the outbreaks. For 76% of cases, RNA was identified in grab samples from residence halls <7 days before case discovery. 相似文献
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Wendelin Moser Mohammed Ahmed Hassan Fahal Elamin Abualas Shahinaz Bedri Mahgoub Taj Elsir Mona Fateh El Rahman Omer Mohamed Abdelhalim Babiker Mahmoud Amna Ismail Ibrahim Ahmad Mohammed A. Adam Sami Altalib Ola Adil DafaAllah Salahaldin Abdallah Hmed Andrew S. Azman Iza Ciglenecki Etienne Gignoux Alan Gonzlez Christine Mwongera Manuel Albela Miranda 《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(5):1026
In a cross-sectional survey in Omdurman, Sudan, during March–April 2021, we estimated that 54.6% of the population had detectable severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibodies. Overall population death rates among those >50 years of age increased 74% over the first coronavirus disease pandemic year. 相似文献
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Shao Lin Xinlei Deng Ian Ryan Kai Zhang Wangjian Zhang Ese Oghaghare DeeDee Bennett Gayle Benjamin Shaw 《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(8):1624
We evaluated whether demographics and COVID-19 symptoms predicted COVID-19 deaths among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the United States by comparing COVID-19 deaths in HCWs with 3 control groups (HCW nondeaths, non-HCW deaths, and non-HCW nondeaths) using a case–control design. We obtained patient-level data of 33 variables reported during January 1, 2020–October 12, 2021, in all US states. We used logistic regression analysis while controlling for confounders. We found that persons who were >50 years of age, male, Black, or Asian experienced significantly more deaths than matched controls. In addition, HCWs who died had higher risks for the most severe clinical indicators. We also found that the most indicative symptoms were preexisting medical conditions, shortness of breath, fever, cough, and gastrointestinal symptoms. In summary, minority, male, and older HCWs had greater risk for COVID-19 death. Severe clinical indicators and specific symptoms may predict COVID-19–related deaths among HCWs. 相似文献
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Lara J. Akinbami Nga Vuong Lyle R. Petersen Samira Sami Anita Patel Susan L. Lukacs Lisa Mackey Lisa A. Grohskopf Amy Shehu Jenny Atas 《Emerging infectious diseases》2020,26(12):2863
To estimate seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among healthcare, first response, and public safety personnel, antibody testing was conducted in emergency medical service agencies and 27 hospitals in the Detroit, Michigan, USA, metropolitan area during May–June 2020. Of 16,403 participants, 6.9% had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. In adjusted analyses, seropositivity was associated with exposure to SARS-CoV-2–positive household members (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 6.18, 95% CI 4.81–7.93) and working within 15 km of Detroit (aOR 5.60, 95% CI 3.98–7.89). Nurse assistants (aOR 1.88, 95% CI 1.24–2.83) and nurses (aOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.18–1.95) had higher likelihood of seropositivity than physicians. Working in a hospital emergency department increased the likelihood of seropositivity (aOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.002–1.35). Consistently using N95 respirators (aOR 0.83, 95% CI 0.72–0.95) and surgical facemasks (aOR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75–0.98) decreased the likelihood of seropositivity. 相似文献
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Madhumita Shrotri Ross J. Harris Alison Rodger Timothy Planche Frances Sanderson Tabitha Mahungu Alastair McGregor Paul T. Heath The LondonCOVID Group Colin S. Brown Jake Dunning Susan Hopkins Shamez Ladhani Meera Chand 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(4):1155
Prospective serosurveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in 1,069 healthcare workers in London, UK, demonstrated that nucleocapsid antibody titers were stable and sustained for <12 weeks in 312 seropositive participants. This finding was consistent across demographic and clinical variables and contrasts with reports of short-term antibody waning. 相似文献
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Kimberly H. Nguyen Jing Huang Kathrine Mansfield Laura Corlin Jennifer D. Allen 《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(3):631
To determine the extent of gaps in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine coverage among those in the United States with and without previous COVID-19 diagnoses, we used July 21–August 2, 2021, data from a large, nationally representative survey (Household Pulse Survey). We analyzed vaccine receipt (≥1 dose and full vaccination) and intention to be vaccinated for 63,266 persons. Vaccination receipt was lower among those who had a prior diagnosis of COVID-19 compared to those without: >1 dose: 73% and 85%, respectively, p<0.001; full vaccination: 69% and 82%, respectively, p<0.001). Reluctance to be vaccinated was higher among those with a previous COVID-19 diagnosis (14%) than among those without (9%). These findings suggest the need to focus educational and confidence-building interventions on adults when they receive a COVID-19 diagnosis, during clinic visits, or at the time of discharge if hospitalized and to better educate the public about the value of being vaccinated, regardless of previous COVID-19 status. 相似文献