微粒子活性炭对腹腔镜结直肠癌手术淋巴结清扫的指引作用

目的：探讨微粒子活性炭在腹腔镜结直肠癌手术中指引清除淋巴结的临床意义。方法：随机将2005年10月至2007年12月我院收治的70例结直肠癌病例分为：标记组35例,患者术前经肠镜在肿瘤周围局部注射微粒子活性炭后行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术,对照组35例,仅行常规腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术。切除标本中的淋巴结由外科医师仔细检查剖出、计数并做病理检查。结果：腹腔镜术中被微粒子活性炭黑染的肠系膜淋巴结清晰可见;标记组平均每例清除淋巴结（27.03±2.770）枚,对照组为（15.09±1.522）枚（P〈0.001）;淋巴结转移病例中,标记组平均每例清除转移淋巴结（9.08±1.782）枚,对照组（5.00±1.00）枚（P〈0.001）;标记组平均每例清除小转移淋巴结（3.83±1.528）枚,对照组（1.62±0.961）枚（P〈0.001）。结论：术前注射微粒子活性炭在腹腔镜结直肠癌手术中对淋巴结清扫有指引作用,不仅淋巴结清除总数明显增多,而且可清除更多和更小的转移淋巴结,提高了根治程度。     

结直肠癌患者手术中腹腔及肠腔脱落细胞学研究

目的 结肠直肠癌腔及肠腔脱落细胞的定性研究,为术中无瘤接触、常规腹及远端结直肠冲洗提供理论依据。方法随机选择２３例手术治疗的结直肠癌患者,２２例术中切除肿瘤后,作肠吻合前用５００－１０００ｍｌ生理盐水行远端结直肠冲洗,其中１４例肿瘤侵及浆膜,开腹后用１００－２００ｍｌ生理盐水行腹腔冲洗;１例仅行腹腔冲洗,未行肠腔冲洗。收集冲洗液迅速送检作脱落细胞学检查。结果 行腹腔冲洗的１５例中１例找到癌细胞,阳     

结肠镜与腹腔镜联合切除结直肠癌对腹腔脱落肿瘤细胞的影响

目的探讨结肠镜与腹腔镜联合切除结直肠癌对腹腔脱落肿瘤细胞的影响。方法经病理诊断为结直肠癌42例，随机分成腹腔镜组（腹腔镜手术）和联合组（结肠镜与腹腔镜联合手术）。比较2组手术时间、肿瘤切除前后腹腔脱落肿瘤细胞阳性率、手术标本切缘残留肿瘤阳性率及术后并发症。结果联合组手术时间短于腹腔镜组[（160．5±12．6）min vs（201．2±18．4）min，t=-8．363，P=0．000]。两组肿瘤切除前腹腔脱落肿瘤细胞阳性率差异无显著性[9．5％（2／21）VS19．0％（4／21）,x^2=0．194，P=0．659]，切除后联合组明显低于腹腔镜组[14．3％（3／21）VS42．9％（9／21），x^2=4．200，P=0．040]。两组手术标本切缘均无残留肿瘤细胞。术后两组均痊愈出院，无切口感染、肺部感染。随访6—24个月，腹腔镜组1例腹部转移。结论结肠镜与腹腔镜联合切除结直肠癌可以减少腹腔肿瘤细胞的脱落，缩短手术时间。     

活性炭微粒子在胃癌淋巴结清除中的应用研究

目的：探讨活性炭微粒子在胃癌根治术中对淋巴结清除的应用价值。方法：将53例胃癌患者分为2组：实验组16例,术中于癌周浆膜下及淋巴结内注入活性炭微粒子,以被活性炭染黑的淋巴结作为清除标志,行胃癌根治术;对照组37例,行常规胃癌根治术。而后对2组清除的淋巴结及发生转移的淋巴结分别进行统计分析。结果：1）实验组清除的淋巴结数（32.7±11.4枚）明显高于对照组（17.0±8.7枚）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,主要是清除的N2淋巴结数明显增多,实验组和对照组分别为23.1±8.0枚和8.7±4.2枚;2）实验组黑染淋巴结数占清除淋巴结总数的58.2%,其中Nl的黑染度（66.7%）较N2（49.8%）高;3）黑染淋巴结中发生转移的阳性率（20.7%）明显高于实验组中未黑染者（3.7%）以及对照组（15.2%）;4）实验组手术时间稍延长,但手术并发症并未增加。结论：肿瘤周围局部注射活性炭微粒子是一种安全、有效、易行的方法,对胃癌淋巴结清除有指导作用。     

腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌切除术14例报告

目的:探讨腹腔镜技术在结直肠癌切除术中的应用。方法:回顾分析腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌切除术14例的临床资料。结果:本组右半结肠、横结肠、左半结肠以及乙状结肠根治性切除各1例,D ixon术5例,M iles术3例;1例左半结肠癌患者探查见左肾有浸润性转移而中转开腹;1例横结肠癌患者探查见肿瘤腹腔广泛转移而放弃手术;全组无手术死亡。术后1例Dukes D期患者因肿瘤转移死亡,1例Dukes C期患者1年后肠道复发,其余患者未见肿瘤复发及转移。结论:腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术安全可行。     

腹腔镜结直肠手术肿瘤定位方法的临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜结直肠手术肿瘤的定位方法。方法:2009年12月至2013年12月收治58例结直肠肿瘤患者,其中22例于术前2 h内行亚甲蓝定位,12例术前行钛夹定位,4例术前行气钡双对比造影检查,20例术中结肠镜定位。准确定位后行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术或局部肠段切除术。结果:2例行术前亚甲蓝标记患者因腹腔面肠壁浆膜无亚甲蓝染色而无法定位,术中行结肠镜检查定位;1例行术前钛夹定位患者腹部平片见钛夹位于右下腹,结合肠镜肿瘤距肛门的距离,确定病变位于乙状结肠;1例行术中结肠镜检查准确定位患者因结肠镜检查致使小肠及结肠胀气,无手术空间,中转开腹;4例患者行气钡双对比检查准确定位。结论:腹腔镜结直肠术中可结合直肠指诊对肿瘤进行定位,直肠指诊不能触及的肿物,通过术前行亚甲蓝、钛夹标记、气钡双对比造影及术中肠镜检查对结直肠肿瘤进行定位,术中可准确、快速定位病灶,缩短手术时间,减少并发症的发生,同时避免误切肠管及保肛失败。     

腹腔镜直肠癌手术方法探讨

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗直肠癌的方法与可行性。方法:2002年3月至2008年3月,我院为42例直肠癌患者施行腹腔镜直肠癌根治切除术,术中应用彭氏多功能手术解剖器(Peng's multifunctional operational dissection,PMOD)行全直肠系膜切除术,31例行直肠外翻切除术,6例腹腔内直肠切除远侧端拉出肛门外用国产吻合器行结直肠吻合术,5例高位直肠癌患者中1例腹腔内荷包缝合,4例用闭合器钉合远侧端再用吻合器完成结直肠吻合术。结果:42例手术均获成功。手术时间120~260min,平均160min;术后1~3d恢复胃肠功能并下床活动,术后住院6~12d,平均9d。术中及术后均无并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜直肠癌手术中应用PMOD行全直肠系膜切除术,中下段直肠癌行直肠外翻切除术,用国产吻合器吻合结直肠手术安全可靠,可以替代进口吻合器的双吻合技术。     

腹腔镜直肠癌手术方法探讨

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗直肠癌的方法与可行性.方法:2002年3月至2008年3月,我院为42例直肠癌患者施行腹腔镜直肠癌根治切除术,术中应用彭氏多功能手术解剖器(Peng's multifunctional operational dissection,PMOD)行全直肠系膜切除术,31例行直肠外翻切除术,6例腹腔内直肠切除远侧端拉出肛门外用国产吻合器行结直肠吻合术,5例高位直肠癌患者中1例腹腔内荷包缝合,4例用闭合器钉合远侧端再用吻合器完成结直肠吻合术.结果:42例手术均获成功.手术时间120～260min,平均160min;术后1～3d恢复胃肠功能并下床活动,术后住院6～12d,平均9d.术中及术后均无并发症发生.结论:腹腔镜直肠癌手术中应用PMOD行全直肠系膜切除术,中下段直肠癌行直肠外翻切除术,用国产吻合器吻合结直肠手术安全可靠,可以替代进口吻合器的双吻合技术.     

伴有肠梗阻的结直肠癌腹腔镜辅助手术

目的探讨对伴有肠梗阻的结直肠癌患者在腹腔镜辅助下行结直肠癌根治切除术同时一期吻合的可行性。方法对6例伴肠梗阻的结直肠癌患者行腹腔镜辅助下结直肠癌根治切除一期吻合手术。结果手术均获得成功。5例伴不全肠梗阻患者行腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌切除一期吻合术:1例伴完全肠梗阻患者行手辅助腹腔镜乙状结肠癌切除一期吻合术。无中转开腹和并发症发生。手术时间平均200(150-240)min,出血量平均60(20～100) ml。术后住院时间8-11 d。术后随访8-28个月,未见癌肿复发转移。结论对于伴肠梗阻的结直肠癌患者行腹腔镜辅助下肿瘤根治术一期吻合是可行的。     

结直肠癌患者腹腔镜根治术后并发症的影响因素研究

目的:探讨结直肠癌患者腹腔镜根治术后并发症的影响因素,为提高手术疗效提供有利依据。方法:回顾分析2011年1月至2013年1月156例结直肠癌患者的临床资料,根据有无并发症分为无并发症组与并发症组,通过单因素及多因素分析筛选并发症的影响因素。结果:单因素分析显示,患者的性别、发病年龄、术前合并症、术者手术经验、新辅助治疗、手术时间、肿瘤位置及TNM分期与结直肠癌腹腔镜根治术后并发症相关。多因素回归分析显示,性别、术前合并症、术者手术经验、肿瘤位置及TNM分期是影响结直肠癌患者腹腔镜根治术后并发症发生的独立危险因素。并发症组患者的住院时间明显长于无并发症组(P<0.05)。结论:性别、术前合并症、术者手术经验、肿瘤位置及TNM分期是影响结直肠癌患者腹腔镜根治术后并发症发生的独立危险因素,术中应尤其注意伴有并发症危险因素的患者,以提高手术疗效。     

Surgical usefulness of indocyanine green as an alternative to India ink for endoscopic marking

Background  India ink has been commonly used for preoperative colonic tattooing, but various complications have been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of indocyanine green (ICG) marking as a replacement for India ink. Methods  This study enrolled 40 patients who between January 2005 and February 2006 underwent laparoscopic or open surgery for colorectal lesions considered difficult to locate intraoperatively. Because one patient had a history of allergy to iodinated contrast material, metal clipping was used instead of ICG to mark the lesion. Endoscopists injected 5 ml of ICG suspension and saline solution adjacent to the lesion at duplicate locations to evaluate the visibility, duration, and adverse effects of the dye. For 39 patients, the date of the preoperative colonoscopy was not set for examination of the appropriate interval between endoscopic marking and the surgical operation. Results  The median interval between ICG marking and surgery was 4 days (range, 1–73 days). All 29 patients who underwent surgery within 8 days after marking had positive green ICG staining at the time of surgery. After 9 days or more, however, positive staining was seen clearly in only two of the remaining 10 patients. The staining tended to grow weaker and fainter over the time course, eventually dissipating. No perioperative adverse reactions to the dye were observed. Conclusion  This study supports the use of ICG as a safe technique that can be identified reliably during operations performed within 8 days after endoscopic injection.     

Influence of colorectal laparoscopic surgery on dissemination and seeding of tumor cells

Background This study aimed to compare the influence of colorectal laparoscopic surgery and conventional surgery on dissemination and seeding of tumor cells. Methods Intraoperative peritoneal lavage cytology was performed for 36 patients with colorectal cancer during colorectal laparoscopic surgery and for 45 patients with colorectal cancer during conventional surgery. Cytology was examined twice: immediately after opening of the peritoneal cavity and just before closure of the abdomen. Saline was poured into the peritoneal cavity, and 100 ml fluid was retrieved after irrigation. Laparoscopic instruments were lavaged after surgery with 100 ml of saline. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) was derived through the trocar side orifice after pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic coloectomy and filtered through 100 ml of saline. Cytologic examination of the filtrate was performed after the filtration process, smear, cell block, and staining. Results Malignant cells were not detected in the CO₂ filtrate gas. The incidence of positive cytology in the lavage of the instruments during laparoscopic surgery was 2.78%. The incidence of positive cytology during laparoscopic surgery was 33.33% in the prelavage and 8.33% in the postlavage. The incidence of positive cytology during conventional surgery was 33.33% in the prelavage and 11.11% in the postlavage. Conclusion During colorectal laparoscopic surgery, CO₂ pneumoperitoneum does not affect tumor cell dissemination and seeding. In this study, laparoscopic techniques used in colorectal cancer surgery were not associated with a greater risk for intraperitoneal dissemination of cancer cells than the conventional technique.     

腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤手术69例报告

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠肿瘤的临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析为69例结直肠肿瘤患者行腹腔镜辅助手术的临床资料。结果:67例顺利完成腹腔镜手术,手术时间平均(135.3±47.4)min,术中出血量平均(126.8±35.9)ml,术后平均住院(9.3±2.1)d,术后无严重并发症发生,短期肿瘤无复发。结论:腹腔镜结直肠手术具有患者创伤小、术后肠道功能恢复快、住院时间短、腹壁疤痕小等优点。对于恶性肿瘤,腹腔镜手术同样可达到开腹手术的根治目的,且复发率、生存率与开腹手术无明显差异。     

Laparoscopic radioisotope-guided sentinel lymph node dissection in staging of prostate cancer

OBJECTIVES: To present our experience in laparoscopic sentinel lymph node (SLN) dissection in staging of clinically localized prostate cancer. METHODS: From November 2001 to January 2005 laparoscopic SLN dissection was performed in 140 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer preceding radical prostatectomy. Mean preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 8.26 ng/ml (SD 9.46). At 24 h before surgery, 2 ml 99mTc-labeled human albumin (2 ml/200 MBq) colloid was injected into the prostate gland under transrectal ultrasound guidance. Prostatic SLNs were detected by preoperative planar scintigraphy and intraoperative scanning with a specially designed laparoscopic gamma probe. The detected nodes were dissected and evaluated on frozen section. In case of positive frozen section extended lymph node dissection was performed. RESULTS: SLN was identified on both or one pelvic sidewall in 96 (68.1%) and 36 (25.7%) of the patients, respectively. SLNs were undetectable in 8 (5.7%) cases. In 48.2% (135 of 280) of the pelvic sidewalls, SLNs were exclusively outside the obturator fossa. Final histopathologic examination revealed SLN metastases in 19 (13.5%) patients; 71.4% (20 of 28) of the detected metastases were outside the current standard of lymph node dissection limited to the obturator fossa. Mean tumor size was 2.3 mm (SD 1.7). CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm the reliability of laparoscopic SLN dissection in staging of prostate cancer. Significant numbers of detected metastases were outside of the routinely sampled obturator fossa. Small metastasis size makes them undetectable by currently available preoperative imaging modalities.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术手术技术的探讨

目的:探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的手术技术,包括手术的整体配合、手术路径等.方法:回顾分析为60例结直肠癌患者施行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的全过程.结果:60例均顺利完成腹腔镜手术,无一例中转开腹.其中直肠癌根治术35例,包括Miles术式5例,直肠癌晚期姑息性乙状结肠造瘘2例,直肠腺瘤局部肠管切除1例,结肠癌根治术20例,...     

Intraoperative fluoroscopy vs. intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasonography for early colorectal cancer localization in laparoscopic surgery

Background In colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery, precise tumor localization is important for oncologically correct surgery and adequate tumor and lymph node resection margins. During laparoscopic surgery it is difficult to localize early CRC. The aim of this study was to compare the usefulness of two tumor localization techniques; intraoperative fluoroscopy and intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasonography. Methods Seventeen patients with CRC necessitating preoperative marking were alternately allocated to either the fluoroscopy (F) group (n = 8) or the laparoscopic ultrasonography (LU) group (n = 9). A three-step technique was used. At first lesions were localized preoperatively by metallic clips that were colonoscopically applied proximally and distally to the tumor site. Second, computed tomography (CT) colonography was taken to obtain preoperative staging. The location of the metallic clips was confirmed by CT colonography, preoperatively. Third, in the F group, intraoperative fluoroscopy was performed to localize the applied clips. In the LU group, the applied clips were detected from the serosal aspect of the colon using intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasonography. Results In all patients, colonoscopic metallic clips were successfully applied and preoperative CT colonography correctly detected the location of the tumor. Marking sites were detected precisely using intraoperative fluoroscopy or intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasonography in all cases, without complications. The mean detection time was 15.8 minutes in the F group and 7.0 minutes in the LU group (p = 0.005). In the LU group, two cases were technically difficult because of interruption of the ultrasound by intestinal air. Conclusions Both intraoperative fluoroscopy and intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasonography are safe and accurate techniques for intraoperative localization of early CRC. With regard to detection time, intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasonography is superior to intraoperative fluoroscopy. However, when there is a massive amount of intestinal air, intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasonography is cumbersome in localizing the lesion. Computed tomography colonography is useful for preoperative tumor localization and might be effective for shortening detection time during surgery. Presented in part at the 20th World Congress of International Society for Digestive Surgery (ISDS), Rome, Italy, December 2, 2006     

内镜下注射标记纳米碳在进展期结直肠癌治疗中的应用研究

目的探讨内镜下注射标记纳米碳在进展期结直肠癌治疗中的应用。方法采用随机对照研究方法。病例纳入标准:(1)年龄>18岁首次发现并且肠镜及活检病理证实为结直肠癌患者;(2)进展期结直肠癌(术前TNM分期为T3或N1以上)、局部无法切除、M1期同时性转移灶可切除并同意行新辅助治疗的患者;(3)进展期结直肠癌(T3或N1以上分期)、同时性转移灶不可切除或不同意行外科手术而选择放化疗的患者。排除既往腹部外科手术史和放化疗史者、急需手术或内镜支架置入治疗者以及严重过敏体质者。根据以上标准,前瞻性纳入2016年1月至2017年12月期间在联勤保障部队第九○○医院消化内科确诊为进展期结直肠癌的患者共120例;采用随机数字表法分为纳米碳标记组和非标记组。纳米碳标记组均于放化疗前1~7 d内进行标记,病灶标记点位置:(1)若肠镜能顺利通过者,在肿瘤口侧、肛侧旁开1 cm处分别予相对两侧肠壁注射4个点;(2)若肠腔严重狭窄、肠镜无法通过者,仅在距肿瘤肛侧的1 cm处予四象限行4个点的注射。每个注射点注射0.1 ml纳米碳原液,并依据病灶纳米碳黑染范围测量病灶大小。放化疗治疗8周后评估患者的疗效,经评估为可行外科手术的患者于放化疗结束后6周手术,比较两组术中探查病灶时间、手术时间、术中出血量、远端切缘距病灶长度、保肛率、首次切缘阳性率等术中和术后情况。经评估为无手术指征的患者中,放化疗有效者继续原方案化疗,治疗无效则更换化疗方案,半年后最终评估疗效[参照修订版RECIST指南(1.1版)]。结果有3例患者脱落本试验,最终共有117例患者纳入本研究。纳米碳标记组59例,非标记组58例,两组患者基线资料的比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。所有患者术前放化疗不良反应较轻微,通过对症处理后均能耐受,所有患者未因不良反应而中断治疗。纳米碳标记组所有患者均未出现发热、腹痛、腹胀、便血等不适。被标记后的肠黏膜均黑染清晰。评估为有手术指征的患者共77例,其中纳米碳标记组39例(纳米碳标记组可手术),非标记组38例(非标记组可手术);两组基线资料的比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);无手术指征继续放化疗的患者共40例,其中纳米标记组20例(纳米碳标记组非手术),非标记组20例(非标记组非手术);两组基线资料的比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。纳米碳标记组可手术术中均能够轻易快速地在直肠浆膜面发现黑染的纳米碳标记点,被标记的肠段均未发现明显的水肿、坏死、脓肿等。与非标记组可手术相比,纳米碳标记组可手术术中探查病灶时间[(3.4±1.4)min比(11.8±3.4)min,t=-14.07,P<0.001]和总手术时间更短[(155.7±44.5)min比(177.2±30.2)min,t=-2.48,P=0.015],术中出血量更少[(101.3±36.7)ml比(120.2±38.2)ml,t=-2.22,P=0.029],远端切缘距病灶长度更短[(3.7±1.0)cm比(4.6±1.7)cm,t=-2.20,P=0.034],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);保肛率相对较高[66.7%(16/24)比45.5%(10/22),χ^2=2.10,P=0.234],首次切缘阳性率较低[0比4.5%(1/22),χ^2=0.62,P=0.480],但差异未达到统计学意义(均P>0.05)。两组术后肿瘤分化程度及术后病理TNM分期的差异均无统计学意义。经评估为无手术指征的患者,半年后再次评估放化疗疗效,纳米碳标记组非手术完全缓解(CR)者1例,部分缓解(PR)者8例,疾病稳定(SD)者10例,疾病进展(PD)者1例,疾病好转率45.0%(9/20);非标记组非手术CR者0例,PR者6例,SD者11例,PD者3例,疾病好转率30.0%(6/20);两组疾病好转率的差异均无统计学意义(P=0.514)。结论内镜下注射纳米碳标记法用于结直肠肿瘤定位安全可靠,能够辅助新辅助治疗后行手术时快速探查到病灶,精准地进行切除,明显缩短手术时间,减少手术创伤;能辅助肠镜精确测量放化疗前后病灶大小,增加评估疗效的手段,以指导后续治疗方案;值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的临床体会(附42例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的临床疗效及应用价值。方法:回顾分析2009年4月至2011年4月为42例直肠癌患者行腹腔镜根治术的临床资料。结果:41例(97.6%)成功完成腹腔镜手术,1例中转开腹。手术时间平均95 min,术中出血量平均30 ml,术后胃肠道功能恢复时间平均36 h,平均住院9 d,无围手术期死亡及并发症发生,术后38例按Folfox及Eelox方案化疗。随访3～24个月,平均18个月,切口均无肿瘤种植转移及复发。中转开腹患者于术后3个月死于肿瘤广泛转移导致的全身多器官功能衰竭。结论:腹腔镜直肠癌根治术具有患者创伤小、术后康复快、术中出血少、解剖清晰、切除病灶彻底等优点,值得推广应用。