普鲁本辛与安慰剂双盲对照治疗氯氮平流涎副反应

流涎是氯氮平治疗中常见的副反应，其发生机理目前尚不清楚，治疗缺乏特异性对抗药物。国内有文献报道使用抗胆碱药普鲁本辛有效［１］，但亦有持不同观点者［２］。本试验用小剂量普鲁本辛（３０ｍｇ／ｄ）与安慰剂（维生素Ｂ１）对３２例服用氯氮平引起流涎的住院患者进行随机双盲平行对照研究，旨在评价普鲁本辛对氯氮平所致流涎副反应的疗效。１　资料和方法１１　一般资料：３２例均为单一使用氯氮平治疗并致流涎的住院男性精神分裂症患者。随机分治疗组和对照组各１６例。平均年龄各为（３７±７２）岁和（３９±６８）岁。服用…     

氯氮平所致流涎的治疗比较

流涎是氯氮平治疗中常见的副反应,严重影响病人的依从性。我们对此进行对照研究。１　对象与方法为住本院的精神分裂症和躁狂症患者,单用氯氮平治疗,其中发生流涎副反应者９０例,随机平分为３组：Ａ组为普鲁本辛组,剂量３０～７５ｍｇ／ｄ,平均４６５ｍｇ／ｄ;Ｂ组为扑尔敏组,剂量１６～２４ｍｇ／ｄ,平均１８１ｍｇ／ｄ;Ｃ组为安慰剂组,以Ｂ６６０～９０ｍｇ／ｄ为治疗量。３组患者年龄、服用氯氮平剂量和性别,经统计分析无显著差异（Ｐ均＞００５）。采用开放式研究,氯氮平由小剂量开始逐步加量,最大不超过５００ｍｇ…     

苯海拉明、普鲁本辛、息斯敏和安慰剂治疗氯氮平所致流涎的双盲对照研究

我们进行了苯海拉明、普鲁本辛、息斯敏改善流涎副反应的双盲对照研究，结果如下。１对象：本院住院精神分裂症患者１３０例，服用氯氮平后出现流涎，且没有合用安坦、抗抑郁药、抗过敏药和其它抗胆碱能药物。（１）苯海拉明组：３２例。苯海拉明剂量１００～２００ｍｇ...     

苯海拉明治疗氯氮平流涎的副反应50例分析

为研究苯海拉明对氯氮平所致流涎副作用的疗效及不良反应，对50例用氯氮平治疗的精神病患出现流涎副反应，分次口服苯海拉明50mg治疗，10d为一疗程。结果，苯海拉明治疗氯氮平流涎的有效率达100％，不良反应少而轻微，提示，苯海拉明治疗氯氮平引起的流涎疗效显且安全性高。     

加用氟西汀对氯氮平疗效及血浓度的影响

目的：探索加用氟西汀对氮氮平治疗慢性精神分裂症的疗效及其血浓度的影响。方法采用随机、双盲、安慰剂对照设计，在原来氯氮平治疗的基础上加用氟西汀（２０ｍｇ／日）或安慰剂治疗８周，采用阴性症状量表（ＳＡＮＳ）和临床总体印象量表（ＣＧＩ）来评价疗效，用ＨＰＬＣ方法检测血液中氯氮平浓度。结果加用氟西汀组和对照组各３０例完成８周的试验，加用氟西汀组中有６０％病人的阴性症状获得了改善，ＳＡＮＳ总分平均下降４３％     

氯氮平血浓度与流涎的相关性研究

氯氮平血浓度与流涎的相关性研究朱毅平陈加美流涎是氯氮平常见的副反应之一。作者收集３０例符合ＣＣＭＤ—２—Ｒ精神分裂症诊断标准的住院病例进行氯氮平血浓度与流涎的相关性研究，均为男性，年龄１８～３５岁，病期３月～２年，平均服氯氮平２５．１±４．１日，平均...     

息斯敏治疗氯氮平流涎副反应的双盲对照研究

报告息斯敏与安慰剂随机双盲对照治疗氯氮平流涎副反应22例的临床研究,疗效用四级标准及量表分别评定。结果显示治疗2周后息斯敏组的抗流涎疗效显著优于安慰剂组,量表减分率大于安慰剂组,无明显副作用,并具有用量小、作用时间长的优点。     

阿米替林治疗氯氮平所致的遗尿症的对照分析

目的双盲对照研究阿米替林治疗氯氮平所致遗尿症的疗效.方法在住院患者中随机选取60例服用氯氮平(150～160mg/d)后出现遗尿副作用的精神病患者,随机分为阿米替林组(30例)和安慰剂(30例),早晚分别给服阿米替林25mg或安慰剂1粒治疗,3周为一疗程.结果阿米替林与安慰剂对照治疗氯氮平所致的遗尿症有显著性差异(P＜0.05).前者有效率达93.3%,起效快,无其它副作用.结论阿米替林可作为治疗氯氮平所致遗尿症的常规用药.     

氯氮平与舒必利治疗阴性症状为主的精神分裂症患者对照研究

氯氮平与舒必利治疗阴性症状为主的精神分裂症患者对照研究刘锋先段荣珍对１９９４年２月～１９９６年１月期间，以阴性症状为主的精神分裂症住院患者１３４例，随机分为三组，分别以氯氮平，舒必利和安慰剂进行治疗。均符合ＣＣＭＤ—２诊断标准，ＢＰＲＳ＞３５分，ＳＡ...     

扑尔敏与安慰剂双盲对照治疗氯氮平的流涎副反应

扑尔敏与安慰剂双盲对照治疗氯氮平的流涎副反应吕路线，刘国娥，赵金祥，刘爱云，刘素方，刘莲玉，王新法１．一般资料：病例为１９９２年７月至１９９３年３月住我院的男性精神分裂症患者。共５０例，流涎平均天数５±３天，随机分为两组：扑尔敏组２６例，平均年龄３０...     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.