早期乳腺癌患者行乳房保留手术的疗效分析

目的:探讨早期乳腺癌患者行乳房保留手术(保乳手术)的疗效及预后的相关因素。方法:回顾分析326例行保乳手术的早期女性乳腺癌患者(研究组)的临床资料,以同期行改良根治术或单纯乳房切除术的581例早期女性乳腺癌患者作为对照(对照组)。结果:研究组的3年和5年无病生存率(disease free survival,DFS)分别为92.7%和84.5%,对照组则分别为91.4%和85.3%。研究组的3年和5年总生存率(overall survival,OS)分别为98.2%和96.4%,对照组则分别为97.6%和95.3%。两组的DFS和OS均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。研究组中脉管无癌栓患者的3年和5年DFS分别为94.5%和92.1%,而脉管有癌栓患者的3年和5年DFS分别为90.2%和81.3%,两者的差异有统计学意义(P=0.007)。研究组患者中复发12例,其中>40岁的239例中复发5例,而≤40岁的87例中复发7例,两者的差异有统计学意义(P=0.032)。脉管无癌栓的278例患者中复发7例,脉管有癌栓的48例患者中复发5例,两者的差异有统计学意义(P=0.014)。保乳手术后的美容效果评价优良率为87.4%。结论:对于早期乳腺癌患者,行保乳手术与行传统的乳房切除手术的预后无显著差异,脉管癌栓与保乳手术的预后相关,年龄≤40岁的患者保乳术后局部复发率较高。     

Bioluminescence Imaging of Angiogenesis in a Murine Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Model

Purpose  

Angiogenesis is essential for physiological processes as well as for carcinogenesis. New approaches to cancer therapy include targeting angiogenesis. One target is VEGF-A and its receptor VEGFR2. In this study, we sought to investigate pancreatic cancer angiogenesis in a genetically modified VEGFR2-luc-KI mouse.     

早期乳腺癌24例保乳手术疗效观察

【目的】探讨早期乳腺癌保乳手术的近期疗效。【方法】回顾性对比本院自2004年1月至2009年1月采用保留乳房手术（保乳组,24例）与保留胸大肌的乳腺癌改良根治术（根治组,28例）治疗早期乳腺癌52例,术后根据淋巴结有无转移,雌、孕激素受体及Her-2表达情况给予相应放疗、化疗及内分泌治疗。【结果】随访10个月至5年,两组术后并发症发生率有显著性差异（P〈0．05）,局部复发率无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。但保乳组美容效果明显。【结论】保乳治疗早期乳腺癌是可行的,且创伤小、有美容效果。     

Detectability of Hygroscopic Clips Used in Breast Cancer Surgery

Sonographically detectable clips were introduced over the last decade. We retrospectively studied the rate and duration of sonographically detectable clip detectability in patients with breast cancer who had sonographically detectable clips inserted over a 2‐year period. Nine of 26 patients had neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with all clips remaining detectable 140 to 187 days after insertion. Six of the 9 had intraoperative sonographic localization, with 1 reoperation (17%). Eleven additional patients with nonpalpable tumors and sonographically detectable clips had intraoperative sonographic localization with 1 reoperation (9%). In 1 patient, a sonographically detectable clip enabled intraoperative identification of a suspicious lymph node. There were no complications or clip migration. Sonographically detectable clips are helpful in breast cancer surgery with and without neoadjuvant chemotherapy, remaining detectable for many months and often averting preoperative localization and scheduling difficulties.     

Novel Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Targeted Near-Infrared Fluorescence Dye for Image-Guided Surgery of Prostate Cancer

Molecular Imaging and Biology - Prostate cancer (PCa), the most widespread male cancer in western countries, is generally eradicated by surgery, especially if localized. However, during surgical...     

Controlled Extracellular Matrix Degradation in Breast Cancer Tumors Improves Therapy by Trastuzumab

Extracellular matrix (ECM) in solid tumors affects the effectiveness of therapeutics through blocking of intratumoral diffusion and/or physical masking of target receptors on malignant cells. In immunohistochemical studies of tumor sections from breast cancer patients and xenografts, we observed colocalization of ECM proteins and Her2/neu, a tumor-associated antigen that is the target for the widely used monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin). We tested whether intratumoral expression of the peptide hormone relaxin (Rlx) would result in ECM degradation and the improvement of trastuzumab therapy. As viral gene delivery into epithelial tumors with extensive tumor ECM is inefficient, we used a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-based approach to deliver the Rlx gene to the tumor. In mouse models with syngeneic breast cancer tumors, HSC-mediated intratumoral Rlx expression resulted in a decrease of ECM proteins and enabled control of tumor growth. Moreover, in a model with Her2/neu-positive BT474-M1 tumors and more treatment-refractory tumors derived from HCC1954 cells, we observed a significant delay of tumor growth when trastuzumab therapy was combined with Rlx expression. Our results have implications for antibody therapy of cancer as well as for other anticancer treatment approaches that are based on T-cells or encapsulated chemotherapy drugs.     

Hepatocyte Transplantation Improves Phenotype and Extends Survival in a Murine Model of Intermediate Maple Syrup Urine Disease

Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD; OMIM 248600) is an inborn error of metabolism of the branched chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complex that is treated primarily by dietary manipulation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA). Dietary restriction is lifelong and compliance is difficult. Liver transplantation significantly improves outcomes; however, alternative therapies are needed. To test novel therapies such as hepatocyte transplantation (HTx), we previously created a murine model of intermediate MSUD (iMSUD), which closely mimics human iMSUD. LacZ-positive murine donor hepatocytes were harvested and directly injected (10⁵ cells/50 µl) into liver of iMSUD mice (two injections at 1–10 days of age). Donor hepatocytes engrafted into iMSUD recipient liver, increased liver BCKDH activity, improved blood total BCAA/alanine ratio, increased body weight at weaning, and extended the lifespan of HTx-treated iMSUD mice compared to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)–treated and untreated iMSUD mice. Based on these data demonstrating partial metabolic correction of iMSUD in a murine model, coupled to the fact that multiple transplants are possible to enhance these results, we suggest that HTx represents a promising therapeutic intervention for MSUD that warrants further investigation.     

乳腺癌术后引流管留置时间危险因素分析及风险预测模型研究

目的 探究影响乳腺癌患者术后引流管留置时间的危险因素并建立风险预测模型。方法 收集某三级甲等医院2018年5月—2019年4月200例在全麻下实施乳腺癌手术的患者的基本临床资料,采用单因素分析及Logistic 回归分析筛选出影响乳腺癌术后引流管留置的危险因素,建立Logistic回归预测模型,用Hosmer and Lemeshow 检验来对所建立的预测模型的拟合优度进行测验,应用ROC曲线下面积来检验模型的预测效果。结果 多因素Logistic 回归分析结果表明BMI（OR=1.337）、乳腺癌手术方式（OR=4.527）、腋窝淋巴结手术方式（OR=3.483）、负压引流方式（OR=4.518）、基础疾病（OR=6.170）、并发症（OR=2.846）均是影响乳腺癌术后引流管留置的危险因素。Hosmer and Lemeshow 检验提示预测模型拟合度为（χ²=10.539,P=0.229）;ROC 曲线下面积（AUC）为0.842,敏感性为0.815,特异性为0.750,Youden指数最大值为0.565。结论 BMI、乳腺癌手术方式、腋窝淋巴结手术方式、一次性负压引流方式、基础疾病、并发症均为影响患者术后引流管留置时间的独立危险因素。本研究所建立的预测模型价值较高,可为临床做好乳腺癌患者术后引流管留置时间的管理提供参考。     

经手术治疗原发性双侧乳腺癌的临床病理分析

目的探讨经手术治疗原发性双侧乳腺癌（bilateral breast cancer,BBC）的临床病理特点,探寻其潜在的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2004年6月至2013年5月之间在湖南省湘潭市第一人民医院和湘潭市中心医院确诊并进行手术治疗的0~Ⅲa期108例 BBC患者的临床及病理资料。同时期的2575例0~ⅢA期原发性单侧乳腺癌（unilateral primary breast cancer,UBC）患者将作为对照组。结果108例0~Ⅲa期BBC中,同时性双侧乳腺癌（synchronous bilateral breast cancer,SBBC）43例,占同期全部0~Ⅲa乳腺癌的1.6%（43/2683）。多因素回归分析发现,在 BBC 中年龄、家族史、小叶癌成分以及硬化性腺病的存在是SBBC的独立危险因素。双侧乳房全切手术是BBC患者最常见的手术治疗方式。结论对原发性 SBBC 而言,无论是临床还是病理方面,目前都无法给出明确的诊断标准,对于原发性 SBBC的诊断仍需要在临床以及影像学诊断的基础上,结合病理学检测结果。具有高危因素的患者,双侧乳房需要细致的临床及影像学检查,以及密切的常规随访。     

乳腺癌术后接受内分泌治疗的患者发生子宫内膜癌的危险因素分析

[目的]探讨乳腺癌术后接受内分泌治疗的患者发生子宫内膜癌的危险因素.[方法]回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年3月本院收治的288例乳腺癌术后接受内分泌治疗出现子宫内膜病变的患者临床资料,根据不同病变类型将其分为子宫内膜息肉组(n=209)、子宫内膜增生组(n=47)、子宫内膜癌组(n=32).收集患者的临床资料,回...     

动态磁共振成像在乳腺癌保乳术中的术前评估作用

[目的]评价动态增强磁共振成像（MRI）在乳腺癌保乳根治术的术前评估作用.[方法]平均年龄35.8岁的65 例女性乳腺癌患者,术前均行钼靶及MRI检查,对钼靶、MRI评估是否可行保乳手术进行分析,通过病理诊断来评价MRI在评估乳腺癌多中心病灶以及切缘范围上的准确性.[结果]65例患者中,钼靶术前评估认为可保乳术患者64.6%,低于MRI评估的83.1%,且两者相比差异有显著性（P＜0.05）.对癌块切缘判断准确率MRI为80%,显著高于钼靶的53.8%（P＜0.05）.[结论]在中青年女性的I~IIb期乳腺癌保乳术的术前评估方法中,动态增强MRI成像较钼靶更能准确判断有无多中心病灶及肿块切缘范围,更有利于决定是否采取保乳手术和更准确地判断手术切缘.     

Chitosan/siRNA Nanoparticle�Cmediated TNF-�� Knockdown in Peritoneal Macrophages for Anti-inflammatory Treatment in a Murine Arthritis Model

Secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by macrophages plays a predominant role in the development and progression of rheumatoid arthritis. We demonstrate that knockdown of TNF-α expression in systemic macrophages by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of chitosan/small interfering RNA (siRNA) nanoparticles in mice downregulates systemic and local inflammation. Chitosan nanoparticles containing an unmodified anti-TNF-α Dicer-substrate siRNA (DsiRNA) mediated TNF-α knockdown (~66%) in primary peritoneal macrophages in vitro. The presence of Cy3-labeled nanoparticles within peritoneal macrophages and specific TNF-α knockdown (~44%) with TNF-α siRNA after i.p. injection supports our therapeutic approach. Downregulation of TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses arrested joint swelling in collagen-induced arthritic (CIA) mice dosed i.p. with anti-TNF-α DsiRNA nanoparticles. The use of 2′-O-Me-modified DsiRNA resulted in the lowest arthritic scores and correlated with reduced type I interferon (IFN) activation in macrophages in vivo compared with unmodified DsiRNA. Histological analysis of joints revealed minimal cartilage destruction and inflammatory cell infiltration in anti-TNF-α-treated mice. The onset of arthritis could be delayed using a prophylactic dosing regime. This work demonstrates nanoparticle-mediated TNF-α knockdown in peritoneal macrophages as a method to reduce both local and systemic inflammation, thereby presenting a novel strategy for arthritis treatment.     

In Vitro Analysis of Bacosine as Novel Therapeutic Agent for Murine Breast Cancer

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - The anti-metastatic activity of bacosine (Bacopa monnieri plant) was studied using 4T1 murine breast cancer...     

序贯式三明治案例教学法提高临床医学八年制见习生交流自信心:以乳腺癌综合治疗教学培训为例

目的 经微格教学后,将三明治教学法与案例教学法(case-based learning,CBL)相组合序贯用于临床医学八年制见习生,评估其在学生交流自信心提升中的作用.方法 以2013年就读于北京协和医学院临床医学八年制且进入外科见习的全部医学生为研究对象.分别在微格教学前、微格教学后、三明治+CBL教学后进行匿名书面...     

Reproducibility of Static and Dynamic 18F-FDG, 18F-FLT, and 18F-FMISO MicroPET Studies in a Murine Model of HER2+ Breast Cancer

Purpose

The objective of this study is to determine the reproducibility of static 2-deoxy-2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-D-glucose (¹⁸F-FDG), 3′-deoxy-3′-[¹⁸F]fluorothymidine (¹⁸F-FLT), and [¹⁸F]-fluoromisonidazole (¹⁸F-FMISO) microPET measurements, as well as kinetic parameters returned from analyses of dynamic ¹⁸F-FLT and ¹⁸F-FMISO data.

Procedures

HER2+ xenografts were established in nude mice. Dynamic data were acquired for 60 min, followed by a repeat injection and second scan 6 h later. Reproducibility was assessed for the percent-injected dose per gram (%ID/g) for each radiotracer, and with kinetic parameters (K ₁ –k ₄ , K _i ) for ¹⁸F-FLT and ¹⁸F-FMISO.

Results

The value needed to reflect a change in tumor physiology is given by the 95 % confidence interval (CI), which is ±14, ±5, and ±6 % for ¹⁸F-FDG (n?=?12), ¹⁸F-FLT (n?=?11), and ¹⁸F-FMISO (n?=?11) %ID/g, respectively. V _d (=K ₁ /k ₂), k ₃, and K _FLT are the most reproducible ¹⁸F-FLT (n?=?9) kinetic parameters, with 95 % CIs of ±18, ±10, and ±18 %, respectively. V _d and K _FMISO are the most reproducible ¹⁸F-FMISO kinetic parameters (n?=?7) with 95 % CIs of ±16 and ±14 %, respectively.

Conclusions

Percent-injected dose per gram measurements are reproducible and appropriate for detecting treatment-induced changes. Kinetic parameters have larger threshold values, but are potentially sufficiently reproducible to detect treatment response.