正电子发射计算机断层显像／核磁共振：分子影像学技术新进展

背景：正电子发射计算机断层显像（PET）从分子水平反映细胞代谢和功能变化,MRI有更高的软组织对比度和空间分辨率,且无电磁辐射。近年来,随着多模式成像技术飞速发展,作为刚刚应用于临床的多模式分子成像技术,PET／MRI融合显像可提供分子、形态与功能信息,有关研究已成为分子影像领域的关注焦点。目的：就目前PET／MRI研制存在的问题和进展情况做一综述,并展望其潜在的临床和科研价值。方法：由第一作者应用计算机检索CNKI数据库、Springerlink数据库、Pubmed数据库相关文献。检索时间范围：2000年1月至2012年6月。英文检索词：“PET／MRI”和“multimodality imaging or imag efusion”,中文检索词：“分子影像学”和“图像融合”。选择内容与PET／MRI多模式成像相关的文章,同一领域文献则选择近期发表或发表在权威杂志文章,共纳入53篇文献。结果与结论：已有的研究成果表明,PET／MRI较传统显像手段和其他成功的多模式成像技术,如PET／CT和SPECT／CT有更多、更新的应用优势,并已积累临床前和初步临床应用的经验,PET／MRI具有广阔的发展空间,有望将分子影像技术的发展带入一个新的时代,为临床诊断掀开新的篇章。     

18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Following Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy in Large B-cell Lymphoma

Molecular Imaging and Biology - 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) is a well-established imaging modality to assess responses in patients with...     

68Ga-DOTA-NOC PET/CT Imaging of Neuroendocrine Tumors: Comparison with 111In-DTPA-Octreotide (OctreoScan®)

Molecular Imaging and Biology - Recent data have indicated that 68Ga-DOTA-NOC positron emission tomography/X-ray computed tomography (PET/CT) may yield improved images in a shorter acquisition...     

PET/CT-Based Response Evaluation in Cancer—a Systematic Review of Design Issues

Molecular Imaging and Biology - Positron emission tomography/x-ray computed tomography (PET/CT) has long been discussed as a promising modality for response evaluation in cancer. When designing...     

Diagnostic accuracy of F-18 FDG PET/CT for characterization of colorectal focal FDG uptake: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abdominal Radiology - We aimed to explore the role of the diagnostic accuracy of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for characterization of incidental...     

Sequential FDG-PET/CT after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy is a Predictor of Histopathologic Response in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Molecular Imaging and Biology - To evaluate whether 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) more accurately predicts the histopathologic...     

Training on Reporting and Data System (RADS) for Somatostatin-Receptor Targeted Molecular Imaging Can Reduce the Test Anxiety of Inexperienced Readers

Molecular Imaging and Biology - For somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), a standardized framework termed SSTR-reporting and data system (RADS) has...     

Proceedings of the World Molecular Imaging Congress 2019, Montreal Quebec,Canada September 4-7, 2019: General Abstracts

Molecular Imaging and Biology - The applications of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography/X-ray computed tomography (PET/CT) in the management of patients with breast cancer...     

18F-FET PET/CT in Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: an Intra-individual Comparison with 18F-FDG PET/CT

Molecular Imaging and Biology - To assess the diagnostic value of O-2-fluoro-18(F)-ethyl-l-tyrosine (18F-FET) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for patients with advanced...     

Impact of Tumor Burden on Normal Organ Distribution in Patients Imaged with CXCR4-Targeted [68Ga]Ga-PentixaFor PET/CT

Molecular Imaging and Biology - CXCR4-directed positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has been used as a diagnostic tool in patients with solid tumors. We aimed to determine a...     

Management of local recurrence of colorectal cancer: the role of PET/CT

Aim  

The aim was to examine the clinical applicability of positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for diagnosing local recurrence of colorectal cancer.     

Usefulness of position emission tomography/computed tomography in a case of sarcoidosis with multiorgan involvement

Sarcoidosis, a systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, can affect any site in the body. A bone lesion was unexpectedly detected by fluorodeoxyglucose position emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) in a patient with multiorgan sarcoidosis. FDG PET/CT should be considered for the detection of clinically silent lesions of sarcoidosis.     

Experimental investigation of the acoustic nonlinearity parameter tomography for excised pathological biological tissues.

The acoustic nonlinearity parameter B/A tomography is proposed as a novel imaging method in this paper. By using this method, the B/A tomography for various kinds of normal and pathological porcine tissues in vitro, including eight kinds of diseased livers, four kinds of diseased kidney and one kind of diseased spleen, are studied. Results indicate that all diseased tissues with changes in tissue composition and structural features exhibit higher grey-scale (higher B/A values) than corresponding normal tissues. In addition, the acoustic nonlinearity parameter is more sensitive to pathological states than acoustic linear parameters. To make a comparison with the acoustic nonlinearity parameter tomography, the acoustic linear parameter images, including two B-scan images for two kinds of diseased specimens, are also presented. Results of this paper show that the acoustic nonlinearity parameter tomography may be a novel method for tissue characterization in ultrasonic medical diagnosis.     

Clinical Utility of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Purpose  

The clinical utility of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in comparison to standard workup in patients with known or suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unknown.     

Metastasis of breast cancer to liver through direct lymphatic drainage: a case report

Breast cancer liver metastasis (BCLM) is considered to occur by hematogenous spread of primary breast cancer cells. We herein present a case of lymphatic BCLM that was confirmed by preoperative imaging for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). A woman in her early 70s was diagnosed with clinical stage T2N0M0 invasive lobular cancer of the left breast. She underwent mastectomy with SLNB. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy showed intense accumulation of isotope in the upper abdomen, corresponding to segment IV of the liver on single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT). However, no abnormalities were detected on magnetic resonance imaging. At 2.5 years postoperatively, the patient’s serum CA15-3 concentration was elevated, and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) showed a solitary liver metastasis. The PET/CT findings were similar to the SPECT/CT findings obtained 2.5 years earlier, indicating that the BCLM had developed lymphatically. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of lymphatic BCLM proven by imaging examination.     

Initial Results with 11C-Acetate Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) in the Staging of Urinary Bladder Cancer

Purpose  

To investigate the utility of ¹¹C-acetate positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for staging of bladder cancer and response assessment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.     

低剂量计算机断层摄影血管造影术与数字减影血管造影对冠状动脉中重度狭窄诊断的对比

  目的  探讨低剂量计算机断层摄影血管造影术与数字减影血管造影在冠状动脉中重度狭窄的诊断价值比较。  方法  选取88例确诊冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)的患者作为研究对象,应用血管分析软件进行图像重组,分析计算机断层摄影血管造影术检出冠状动脉斑块的性质,评估其狭窄情况,将其结果与对应节段数字减影血管造影检出的病变狭窄度进行对比。  结果  以数字减影血管造影作为金标准,计算机断层摄影血管造影术检出冠状动脉病变斑块所致中重度狭窄855节段,其中软斑块396节段、硬斑块459节段。通过两种检验方法对硬斑块导致中度狭窄、硬斑块导致重度狭窄、软斑块导致中度狭窄和软斑块导致重度狭窄进行检验,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。  结论  低剂量计算机断层摄影血管造影术与数字减影血管造影检查对冠心病诊断都具有较高准确率,而低剂量计算机断层摄影血管造影术检查经济、方便、实用,可作为临床筛查冠心病的首选方法。      

Early Treatment Response Evaluation in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma—A Pilot Study Comparing Volumetric MRI and PET/CT

Purpose  

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the time course of early chemotherapy response in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT).     

Computed tomography of the head by the accident and emergency department--why 24 hour access is vital.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the use made of 24 hour access to computed tomography from an accident and emergency (A&E) department and to assess whether clear benefits for patients could be identified by having such a service. METHODS: Retrospective review of 176 cases where computed tomography was ordered by A&E staff of a large teaching hospital over a one year period. RESULTS: 53% of scans were done "out of hours"; 97% of scans performed (171/176) were studies of the brain. Three examinations were of the cervical spine and two were of the chest. 54% of head scans (93/171) were performed for either confirmed or suspected trauma with 46% (78/171) done for medical indications. Only 16% (11/71) of patients who had a head scan for acute trauma required transfer to the regional neurosurgical unit after consultation. Computed tomography was 100% sensitive in the diagnosis of sub-arachnoid haemorrhage. In cases where computed tomography was performed for coma of undetermined origin the pathology causing coma was identified on computed tomography in 50% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Computed tomography facilities allow comprehensive initial evaluation of the head injured patient and minimise hazardous and expensive transfer of these seriously ill patients. Experience shows that it is a vital tool in the initial differential diagnosis of the comatose patient and therefore must be available for use by senior and middle grade A&E staff on a 24 hour basis.     

Monitoring the Effect of Targeted Therapies in a Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Xenograft Using a Clinical PET/CT

Purpose  

The purpose of this study is to assess treatment responses induced by the two tyrosine kinase inhibitors, Imatinib and Sunitinib, in a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) xenograft using a clinical positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanner.