变异链球菌对人唾液腺细胞系免疫球蛋白受体影响的初步研究

目的:观察变异链球菌(S.mutans)对人唾液腺细胞系(HSG)中多聚免疫球蛋白受体(Pigr)表达的影响.方法:用免疫荧光染色验证细胞系来源与Pigr在HSG中的表达.将对数生长中期的S.mutans水热灭活后与HSG细胞共培养,CCK-8法观察细胞增殖,qPCR与Western blot检测S.mutans对Pi...     

In vitro adherence of rat lymphocytes to salivary gland epithelia

Glandular mucosal tissues contain lymphocyte populations that contribute to expression of IgA antibodies in external secretions. Interaction of circulating lymphocytes with glandular structures may regulate lymphocyte accumulation. An in vitro assay was used to investigate adhesive interactions between lymphocytes and salivary gland tissues. Thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) bound to the serous acinar epithelia of parotid salivary glands and to the mucous tubulo-acinar epithelium of submandibular salivary glands. Lymph node cells and splenocytes adhered to these tissues in lesser numbers and thymocytes bound in negligible numbers. TDL adherence was an active process, being time- and cell dose-dependent and requiring intact membrane as well as cytoskeletal and metabolic function. Calcium was required in each case and binding was mediated by a trypsinsensitive lymphocyte surface determinant. These findings suggest that the lymphocyte composition of salivary gland tissues is regulated by active lymphocyte interaction with the glandular epithelium.     

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涎腺疾病包括涎腺肿瘤及非肿瘤性涎腺疾病.涎腺主要依靠其分泌液--唾液发挥功能.近些年来,涎腺疾病和唾液的研究方面取得了明显的进展,本文对其中部分进展作一概述.     

The adhesion molecules NCAM, HCAM, PECAM-1 and ICAM-1 in normal salivary gland tissues and salivary gland malignancies

BACKGROUND: Some malignant salivary gland tumors are known for their propensity to exhibit perineural invasion and vascular metastases. It was hypothesized that alterations in the expression of cell adhesion molecules are involved in these processes. METHODS: The expression and distribution of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), HCAM (CD44), platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in normal salivary gland tissues and selected salivary gland malignancies, especially adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCyCa) and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PMLG), were determined immunohistochemically, and their influence on histologically demonstrated perineural invasion, vascular invasion, and tumor recurrence/patient death were investigated. RESULTS: NCAM, HCAM, and ICAM-1 were often found to be expressed by neoplastic cells, but no correlation to perineural invasion, tumor behavior, or patient prognosis was found. PECAM-1 was rarely and only focally expressed in three tumors, all of which were related to tumor metastases and patient death. CONCLUSIONS: Immunohistochemical demonstration of NCAM, HCAM, and ICAM-1 is not related to perineural invasion or tumor behavior. PECAM-1 expression was related to vascular invasion and poor patient prognosis in three cases.     

涎腺肿瘤中的肌上皮细胞标志物

涎腺肿瘤中具有肌上皮分化的占大部分,而肌上皮细胞及其变异型在常规切片中难以辨认,常需要免疫组织化学给予鉴别.因此,肌上皮细胞的免疫组织化学标志物成为研究的热点.本文就近几年来涎腺肿瘤肌上皮细胞的免疫组织化学标志物研究进展作一综述.     

涎腺肿瘤中的肌上皮细胞标志物

涎腺肿瘤中具有肌上皮分化的占大部分,而肌上皮细胞及其变异型在常规切片中难以辨认,常需要免疫组织化学给予鉴别。因此,肌上皮细胞的免疫组织化学标志物成为研究的热点。本文就近几年来涎腺肿瘤肌上皮细胞的免疫组织化学标志物研究进展作一综述。     

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目的    观察糖尿病大鼠腮腺、颌下腺、舌下腺超微结构变化。方法    雄性Wistar大鼠20只,随机分对照组和实验组,各10只。实验组：腹腔注射四氧嘧啶制作糖尿病大鼠模型;对照组：正常饲养。动物模型建成后第8周时称重并测定各组大鼠空腹血糖,然后取材制片,应用透射电镜观察大鼠腮腺、颌下腺、舌下腺超微结构变化。结果    建模后第8周时对照组大鼠体重（282.40±14.00）g,血糖（5.50±0.40）mmol／L;实验组大鼠体重 （148.45±8.45）g,血糖（25.20±4.10）mmol／L,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。实验组大鼠腮腺细胞细胞核轮廓不规则,线粒体肿胀,粗面内质网扩张;颌下腺细胞细胞核固缩,线粒体出现空泡变性、嵴断裂;舌下腺细胞未见明显改变。结论    糖尿病可导致腮腺和颌下腺分泌功能受损而出现口干症状,但未影响舌下腺功能,舌下腺可能起到一定的代偿作用。     

人β-防御素-2在涎腺肿瘤及涎腺炎症中的表达及其意义

目的 研究涎腺良性肿瘤组织、恶性肿瘤组织和涎腺炎症中人β-防御素-2（HBD-2）mRNA和蛋白的表达特征。方法 对不同涎腺组织,采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）、实时聚合酶链反应（Real-Time PCR）和免疫组化检测HBD-2的表达,并分析HBD-2 mRNA和蛋白在涎腺良性肿瘤组织、恶性肿瘤组织、炎症组织和正常涎腺组织中的表达差异。结果 与涎腺正常组织比较,良性肿瘤组HBD-2 mRNA表达量为其6.468倍,显著高于涎腺正常组织组（P<0.05）;恶性肿瘤组为其0.334倍,显著低于涎腺正常组织组（P<0.05）;涎腺炎症组为其10.563倍,显著高于涎腺正常组织组（P<0.05）。HBD-2不仅在这些组织的细胞质中有表达,而且在恶性组织中的细胞核也有表达。结论 HBD-2在涎腺良性肿瘤组织及涎腺炎症组织中高表达,在涎腺恶性肿瘤组织中低表达,其蛋白发生核转移。     

涎腺肿瘤核仁形成区大小和数目的相关关系

采用银染核仁形成区技术，研究了７６例涎腺肿瘤的核仁形成区（ＮＯＲ），用图象分析系统观察ＡｇＮＯＲ的形态，计算其数量和测量其直径及面积。结果表明，ＡｇＮＯＲ计算值、面积和直径基本上与肿瘤的生物学行为平行，其差异在三组肿瘤间有统计学意义（Ｐ〈０．０１）。ＡｇＮＯＲ计算值与其直径或面积间存在负相关关系，而面积与直径间则存在密切的正相关关系。表明结合ＡｇＮＯＲ计数值及其直径或面积，更有助于对涎腺肿瘤作出鉴     

4种涎腺肿瘤及人胚颌下腺免疫组化对比研究

目的：探讨涎腺肿瘤细胞的形态分化、组织发生及其异质性。方法：采用光镜、免疫组化技术对８例腺淋巴瘤、３例嗜酸性腺瘤、１２例多形性腺瘤及２例上皮－肌上皮癌进行研究,同时观察了５６例胚胎颌下腺组织作为对照。结果：多形性腺癌中导管样结构系肿瘤性闰管结构和肿瘤性分泌管结构;腺淋巴瘤和嗜酸性腺瘤中导管结构系肿瘤性分泌管结构;上皮－肌上皮癌中导管结构系肿瘤性闰管结构;涎腺肿瘤组织结构及抗原表达复杂多样,与人胚涎腺发生过程中结构及抗原表达有相似之处。结论：涎腺肿瘤的复杂性系致瘤因素作用于不同干细胞或同一干细胞不同分化阶段所致。     

Epidermal growth factor receptor immunoexpression evaluation in malignant salivary gland tumours

Objective:  The aim of this study was to determine epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in malignant salivary gland tumours and its possible relationships with clinical and morphological findings, disease course and prognosis.
Patients and methods:  The study sample comprised 88 patients diagnosed and treated for primary malignant salivary gland tumours between January 1992 and December 2002. We analysed EGFR expression using immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded surgical specimens of all patients. Statistical analysis was used to investigate possible relationships between EGFR expression and clinical findings, histological findings, disease course and patients survival.
Results:  Of all cases, 32 (36.4%) were EGFR positive. There was a statistically significant correlation between EGFR expression and histological grade. No other variable was correlated with EGFR expression including the overall and disease-free survival. Stage classification was the only parameter in multivariate analysis that was an independent predictor of low overall and disease-free survival.
Conclusion:  EGFR is not a useful indicator of prognosis in malignant salivary gland tumours. However, the EGFR expression in salivary gland cancers like adenocarcinomas, undifferentiated carcinomas, mucoepidermoid carcinomas or salivary duct carcinomas suggests that these tumours may be a candidate for therapy investigation directed at EGFR.     

Lipid droplet accumulation and lipoprotein lipase activity in the rat salivary gland during the perinatal period

The submandibular and sublingual glands of foetal and newborn rats aged 21 days in utero to 7 days after birth were examined morphologically and biochemically. Lipid droplets tended to be localized in secretory cells, especially in their basal cytoplasm. The degree of droplet accumulation varied with the age of the rat. No droplets were observed before and immediately after birth. The number of accumulated droplets peaked 24–48 h after birth, then gradually decreased and reached normal levels by 5 days. In the salivary glands of fasted newborn rats, no lipid droplets were observed throughout the experiment. The amount of triacylglycerol reached its maximum level 1 day after birth; it then decreased gradually until 5 days and after that did not change. The amount of cholesterol did not change during postnatal development. Lipase activity attained its maximum level in the salivary glands immediately after birth and then decreased rapidly. It was higher in the glands of fasted than fed 1-day-old rats. Antiserum) against lipoprotein lipase inhibited the salivary gland lipase activity in a dose-dependent manner, with 5 μl of antiserum producing 60–70% inhibition. Nondashimmune serum had little effect. It was concluded that (1) accumulated lipid in the secretory cell cytoplasm of the salivary glands originates from ingested milk; (2) the principal component of accumulated lipid droplets is triacylglycerol; (3) 60–70% of the total lipase activity represents lipoprotein lipase; (4) an increase of lipoprotein lipase activity is recognizable before the accumulation of triacylglycerol.     

涎腺癌mdr1的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨涎腺癌mdrlmRNA的表达及其耐药机制。方法 采用PCR法对35例涎腺癌进行mdr1mRNA检测。结果 涎腺癌中mdr1mRNA表达率为31.4%,IOD值为0.295。结论 mdr1mRNA在涎腺癌的阳性表达可能与肿瘤的耐药性有关。     

An association between salivary gland disease and serological abnormalities in Sjögren's syndrome

In the labial salivary glands (LSGs) of 16 primary and 18 secondary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients, infiltrating lymphocytes were histologically and immunohistochemically examined: also, the serum levels of rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies, anti-DNA antibodies, anti-SS-A and anti-SS-B antibodies, and immunoglobulins (including IgG, IgM and IgA) were all assayed. An immunohistochemical analysis of the lymphocyte subsets in LSGs revealed that severe lymphocytic infiltration was frequently accompanied by marked B cell accumulation both in primary and secondary SS patients. Furthermore, local B cell accumulation was also closely associated with elevated levels of anti-SS-A and anti-SS-B antibodies and IgG, and this association was statistically significant in the group with primary SS but not in the group with secondary SS. Thus, local lymphocytic infiltration, especially B cell accumulation, in the salivary glands is suggested to be involved in serological abnormalities in primary SS. while complicated autoimmune diseases other than SS may also be involved in serological abnormalities in secondary SS.     

Maspin expression in normal and neoplastic salivary gland

BACKGROUND: Maspin inhibits cell motility, invasion and metastasis. Loss or reduction in maspin expression has been associated with tumoral progression. METHODS: The presence of maspin was studied immunohistochemically in salivary gland tumours presenting cells with myoepithelial differentiation in their composition, and in normal salivary gland. RESULTS: Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) presented high expression of maspin, except in the spindle cells and occasional luminal cells. Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma and tubular adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) showed intense expression in all cells. Cribriform ACC evidenced only few positive cells of the luminal type, while solid subtype showed rare positive cells. Normal salivary gland tissue has shown low levels of maspin positivity. CONCLUSIONS: Maspin has small participation in normal salivary gland, is increased in PA, and decreases as the histological malignancy raises. Hence, in salivary gland, its expression is not exclusive of myoepithelial cells; thus, it should not be used as a marker for this cell. Nevertheless, we believe it is an important marker of biological behaviour in these tumours.     

涎腺疾病导管系统的磁共振水成像研究

目的应用磁共振水成像术(MRH)衍生的磁共振涎管成像术(MRS)对涎腺病变导管系统变化进行观察。方法对33例涎腺病变患者进行MRS,采用4种序列显示腮腺导管系统,然后给患者含服维生素C,分别于3min和10min后再次扫描,比较腮腺导管系统的显示效果。结果IR-FSE序列较FSE腮腺导管显示效果明显提高(P<0.05),服药后腮腺导管显示效果有一定的提高(P>0.05)。结论MRS对腮腺导管系统显像良好,具有简单、无创、安全等优点,能提供全面、立体的腮腺病变信息。     

Crystalloid architecture of a sialolith in a minor salivary gland

A sialolith from a minor salivary gland of the mucosa of the upper lip was studied morphologically and analytically. Under stereoscopic microscopic visualisation, no core or any concentric laminar structure was found in the sialolith and it had a transparent glassy appearance. Scanning electron microscopy revealed differences between the internal structure of the sialolith and its external structure. No microbes were observed but some mineralized inclusion bodies were seen. X-ray diffraction indicated the absence of inorganic crystals in the sialolith, while energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis revealed a high content of S followed by Ca, Si and Na and little and scarce P on the fracture surface, with S, Na, Ca and P being distributed throughout the external coating of the sialolith. The results suggest that the sialolith was young and consisted of a crystalloid body with an incipient coating undergoing calcification.     

Hyaluronan and CD44 expression in minor salivary gland tumors

OBJECTIVES: Hyaluronan (HA) and CD44 are most likely associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. Malignancies with different degrees of aggressiveness may express different levels and patterns of HA and CD44. The aim of this project was to examine the distribution of HA and CD44 in minor salivary gland tumors to determine if staining could be correlated with biologic behavior or tumor type. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biotinylated hyaluronan binding protein as a probe for HA and monoclonal antibodies specific for CD44 were used to stain classic examples of the five most commonly encountered minor salivary gland tumors: monomorphic adenomas, pleomorphic adenomas, polymorphous low grade adenocarcinomas, mucoepidermoid carcinomas, and adenoid cystic carcinomas. RESULTS: Tumor cells of monomorphic adenomas were negative for both HA and CD44, and tumor capsules were intensely HA-positive. Pleomorphic adenomas exhibited HA and CD44 positivity in both mesenchymal and epithelial components, and HA in capsular tissues. All malignant salivary gland tumors expressed similar intense HA in tumor stroma. HA staining was more intense in stroma than in parenchymal cells. Tumor cells of most adenoid cystic carcinomas were HA-positive, while most polymorphous low grade adenocarcinomas were HA-negative. HA was uniformly distributed throughout supporting stroma of high and low grade malignancies, except for two polymorphous low grade adenocarcinomas (PLGAs) in which HA was more intense at the invading edge of the tumors. CD44 expression was seen only in tumor cells (not stroma) of malignancies, and was of similar intensity in both low and high grade tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in the expression of HA and CD44 among different types of salivary gland tumors were noted. These findings, however, could not be correlated with known biologic behaviors of the tumor groups studied. Immunohistochemical staining of salivary gland tumors for HA and CD44 may be useful in separating monomorphic adenoma, polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma, lesions that may be difficult to distinguish with routine light microscopy.