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1.
Lídia Audrey Rocha Valadas Mariana Fernandes Gurgel Joelma Martins Mororó Said Gonçalves da Cruz Fonseca Cristiane Sá Roriz Fonteles Cibele Barreto Mano de Carvalho Francisco Vagnaldo Fechine Edilson Martins Rodrigues Neto Marta Maria de França Fonteles Francineudo Oliveira Chagas Patrícia Leal Dantas Lobo Mary Anne Medeiros Bandeira 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2019,27(3):363-367
Introduction
Dental caries is the most prevalent disease in humans and its incidence is particularly high during childhood. The use of medicinal plants is a common practice in Brazil.Objective
To evaluate the optimal antimicrobial concentration of Copaifera langsdorffii (copaiba) oil-resin, in the form of dental varnish, against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in children.Methods
Twenty-four children, caries-free, aged until 6?years old, were selected to participate in this study. The varnish was applied to the occlusal surfaces of all deciduous molars. The antimicrobial activity was analyzed in saliva, whose collection was conducted in two phases: before applying the copaiba varnish and after use to verify the instantaneous effectiveness of Copaifera langsdorffii dental varnish in the reduction of S. mutans. The microbiological analysis was repeated twice, establishing dilutions of 1:10?mL and 1:100?mL.Results
Comparisons between different times within the same dilution were carried out by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) associated with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Comparisons of conditions prior to and after treatment were performed using the t test for paired samples and it indicated that the 1% formulation promoted a more significant decrease in the number of S. mutans colonies (p?=?0,0026).Conclusion
Copaiba oil-resin, in the form of dental varnish, has antimicrobial activity against S. mutans in all the concentrations studied. Further studies to identify the long-term activity and anticaries effect of this varnish are required to establish its use in caries prevention. 相似文献2.
Ezgi Öztaş Tugba Ekiz Yılmaz Elif Güzel Zehra Sezer Alper Okyar Gül Özhan 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2019,27(3):422-431
Objectives
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is one of the most serious challenges of the 21th century with life-threatening complications and excessive health care costs. In diabetic patients, the main goal in T2DM treatment is the regulation of both blood glucose and lipid levels. For that, Gliclazide (GLZ), an oral antidiabetic, and Atorvastatin (ATV), a lipid lowering agent, are widely used drugs as combination. Diabetes has been reported severe impacts on male reproductive system; however, data obtained about ATV and GLZ treatment alone or in combination are conflicted or insufficient. Herein the effects of ATV and GLZ on male reproductive system in type 2 diabetic male rats have been investigated in the present study.Methods
T2DM was induced by high-fat diet and single injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (35?mg/kg) in young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The diabetic rats were given ATV (10?mg/kg), GLZ (10?mg/kg) and ATV/GLZ (1:1, 10?mg/kg) combination by oral gavage for 28?days. The hormone levels were determined in the cardiac blood samples; and the histopathological and ultrastructural analyses were conducted in the testicular tissues and epididymal sperms.Results
It was observed that diabetes had severe effects on testicular tissue and spermatogenesis. ATV treatment did not affect sperm count and testes structure (p?>?0.05), however ameliorated sperm morphology (p?<?0.05). GLZ treatment increased sperm count, and improved sperm morphology, testes structure and spermatogenesis (p?<?0.05). ATV/GLZ combination treatment enhanced sperm morphology and improved testicular structure (p?<?0.05) while did not affect sperm count (p?>?0.05).Conclusion
GLZ treatment regenerated testicular damage and sperm parameters whether alone or in combination with ATV in diabetic rats without affecting hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. 相似文献3.
Mohammad H. Shariare Mohammad A. Altamimi Akbar L. Marzan Rahnuma Tabassum Basarat Jahan Hasan M. Reza Mahbubur Rahman G.U. Ahsan Mohsin Kazi 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2019,27(1):96-105
Background
Nanotechnology can offer the advantages of increasing solubility and bioavailability of delivering drugs like Furosemide. The aim of the current study is to investigate the in vitro and in vivo performance of furosemide nanosuspensions.Methods
Furosemide nanosuspensions were prepared by antisolvent precipitation method using full factorial experimental design. Four factors were employed namely; Stirring time, Injection rate, antisolvent: solvent ratio & stabilizer: drug ratio (at two levels?=?high & low). The in vitro dissolution experiments were conducted to compare the representative formulation with raw drug powder. The bioavailability of nanosuspension was, also, evaluated in mice as an animal model.Results
Solid state characterization (PXRD, DSC and FESEM) did show physical changes during preparation and optimization of the furosemide nanosuspensions. Individual material attributes showed more significant impact on the average particle size of the nanocrystals compared to process parameters. Two-way interactions between material attributes and process parameters significantly affected nanosuspension particle size distribution. Dissolution rate of furosemide nanosuspemsion was significantly higher than that observed for raw furosemide powder. The in vivo pharmacokinetics parameters of nanosuspension in comparison to pure drug showed significant increase in Cmax and AUC(0-t), about 233% and 266%, respectively. The oral bioavailability of furosemide from nanosuspension was about 2.3 fold higher as compared with the bioavailability from pure drug.Conclusions
Furosemide nanosuspensions prepared using antisolvent precipitation method enhanced the dissolution rate and oral bioavailability compared to raw furosemide powder. 相似文献4.
Mohammed Al Essa Abdulmajeed Alshehri Mohammed Alzahrani Rami Bustami Shazia Adnan Atheer Alkeraidees Amjad Mudshil Jawaher Gramish 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2019,27(2):235-239
Background
Self-medication is a common practice among health sciences students in Saudi Arabia. It is known that inappropriate selfmedication may harm individuals due to increasing the risk of drug misuse or delaying a hospital visit by masking some symptoms. Thus, the aim of our study is to investigate and assess practices, awareness and attitudes toward analgesics self-medication among health science students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Methods
This is a cross-sectional study in a form of electronic survey that was conducted among health sciences students from different universities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in 2016. Two hundred and seventy-two students responded to the questionnaire. The electronic questionnaire survey covered demographics, self-medication practice and the analgesics consumption, attitude and awareness about the safety of self-medication practice of analgesics.Results
Factors associated with high prevalence of self-medication were not significant except for age (P?=?0.04). Health sciences students had adequate knowledge about the safety of analgesics consumption itself and simultaneous use of analgesics with other drugs, significantly different by college; 80% for Pharmacy, 71% for Medicine, 61% for Nursing and Dentistry, and 25% for Applied Medical Sciences and pre-professional students (p?=?0.037).Conclusion
The occurrence of self-medication practices is distressingly high among health sciences students. It is necessary to educate the students about the side effects and drawbacks of irresponsible selfmedication. 相似文献5.
Objectives
To examine the knowledge and attitude towards dentist-industry relationship including accepting gifts, influence on decisions, and accuracy of given information among dentists working in Saudi Arabia. In addition, to examine the association of such knowledge and attitude of dentists' behavior with industry, including sorts of interaction and accepting industrial gifts.Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among dental practitioners working in the private and governmental hospitals located in the various regions of Saudi Arabia. A self-administrated questionnaire was developed and distributed to all participants. Fourteen questions assessed the socio-demographic, economic, and occupational characteristics of the participants including age, gender, nationality, monthly revenue, income satisfaction, hospital setting, job rank, specialty, and patients' socio- economic status. Seventeen questions assessed the interaction with DSRs, acceptance and characteristics of gifts and opinion of dentists regarding gift acceptance in dental practice. One-Way ANOVA and t-test was used to examine differences in transformed scores by socio-demographic, occupations and outcome characteristics. All P-values were two-tailed. P-value?<?0.05 was considered as significant.Results
Total of 672 participants responded to general questions related to the knowledge and attitude. The mean of the overall knowledge and attitude score was 64.3?±?7.2, general questions score was 63.1?±?8.6 and interaction questions score was 66.9?±?8.0. Approximately, 40% of participants disagreed that accepting industrial gifts can affect their own decisions but slightly lower proportion (25%) disagreed that accepting industrial gifts can affect decisions of other dentists. Only 25% of participants thought it is ethical to accept industrial gifts and even fewer proportions (20%) believed that dental supply representatives (DSRs) always provide accurate information about their new materials. Almost two-thirds of participants trusted information from other sources than from DSRs. On the other hand, 40% of the participants were against banning industrial gifts to dentists and approximately 50% were against informing the patients about the industrial gifts given to their dentist by dental companies.Conclusions
There was insufficient knowledge and an overall positive attitude towards the dental industry among the sample of dentists in Saudi Arabia. Well-designed ethical education programs should be implemented to enhance knowledge and attitudes about the interactions with dental industry. 相似文献6.
Rhea Farhat Jennifer Assaf Hicham Jabbour Hady Licha Aline Hajj Souheil Hallit Lydia Rabbaa Khabbaz 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2019,27(1):126-132
Objective
To evaluate treatment adherence to oral glucose lowering drugs (OGLD) and health related quality of life in Lebanese diabetics. Secondary objectives were to examine associations between treatment adherence, quality of life (QOL), treatment satisfaction and illness perception.Methods
This cross-sectional study, conducted in all districts of Lebanon between August 2016 and April 2017, enrolled 207 adult patients, taking any OGLD.Results
The effectiveness score (Beta?=?0.55), female gender (Beta?=?7.04), and the quality of life score (Beta?=?0.28) would significantly increase the adherence score respectively. On another hand, the body mass index (Beta?=??1.216) would significantly decrease the adherence score. Adherence was negatively and significantly associated to IPQ score (r?=??0.181), effectiveness score (r?=??0.504), side effects (r?=??0.583), convenience (r?=??0.317), global satisfaction (r?=??0.428), physical health (r?=??0.477), psychological health (r?=??0.521), social relationships (r?=??0.405) and environment (r?=??0.429).Conclusion
Perceived effectiveness and patient’s quality of life seem to be important parameters enhancing adherence. Based on this study, planning interventions to enhance treatment adherence and improve the quality of life is crucial for all diabetic patients. Additional efforts are suggested to be made by concerned authorities to set up awareness campaigns to increase alertness on the importance of adherence to medications in diabetics. 相似文献7.
Purpose
Development of a new dosage-form of antiepileptic-drugs appropriated for children.Methods
Clonazepam (Cl) was formulated as cubosomal-gel (cub-gel) to be used as a patch reservoir through transdermal-route. Cubosomes prepared using glycerol-mono-oleate(GMO)/Pluronic-F127(PF127) mixture. An actual-statistical design was used to investigate the effect of different stabilizing agents (Ethanol and PVA) and surfactant concentration on cubosomes’ particle size and entrapping-efficiency. The selected formulae were evaluated by testing particle-morphology, in vitro drug release and stability. Cub-gel was prepared using selected cubosome formulae. The optimal cub-gel subjected to in vitro dissolution, ex-vivo permeation and skin deposition studies followed by studying its pharmacological effect.Results
Using PVA or Et as stabilizers with PF127 significantly decreases the average cubosomes’PS (352?±? 2.8 and 264?±?2.16?nm) and increases EE (58.97?±?4.57% and 54.21?±?3.89%). Cubosomes increase the initial release rate of Cl to ensure rapid therapeutic effect (37.39% and 46.04% in the first hour) followed by a prolonged release till 4?h. Cub-gel containing PVA showed significantly higher Cl-transdermal permeation when compared to Cl-suspension. Moreover, increases the retention-time (89.57% at 48?h) and skin-deposition up to 6-times. It also reduces the epileptic seizures and alters the behavioral parameters induced by pilocarpine.Conclusions
Cubosomal-gel could be considered an innovative dosage-form for Cl through the transdermal route. 相似文献8.
9.
Mohammed Al Essa Abdulrahman Alissa Abdalrhman Alanizi Rami Bustami Feras Almogbel Omar Alzuwayed Meshari Abo Moti Nouf Alsadoun Wasmiyah Alshammari Abdulkareem Albekairy Shmeylan Al Harbi Mohammed Alhokail Jawaher Gramish 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2019,27(1):138-144
Background
Herbal medicine has been widely utilized by pregnant women despite the limited available evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of that practice. The current available studies, from different countries, estimated that the use of herbal medicine during pregnancy range from 7% up to 96%. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, attitude, source of information, and reasoning behind the use of herbal medicine among pregnant women in Saudia Arabia.Methods
A cross-sectional study conducted using a convenience sample including pregnant women who visited the obstetric clinics at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A survey was administered in order to evaluate the prevalence and perception toward herbal medicine use among pregnant women in Saudi Arabia.Results
A total of 297 pregnant women completed the survey. The results showed that 56% of the respondents have used some type of herbal medicine during their pregnancy. Olive oil was utilized in 26% of the respondents followed by cumin 20% and garlic 15%. In addition, 37% of the respondents used herbal medicine by their own initiative, while 33% and 12% used herbal medicine based on recommendations from their families and friends, respectively. Furthermore, 19% of the respondents reported a positive attitude toward herbal medicine use during pregnancy. In addition, the percentage of women with positive attitude was marginally higher among respondents with lower educational level.Conclusion
The prevalence of using herbal medicine is considerably high among pregnant women in Saudi Arabia. Unfortunately, the majority of the users relied on informal sources to use herbal medicine during pregnancy. 相似文献10.
Objective
Adverse events which result from medication errors are considered to be one of the most frequently encountered patient safety issues in clinical settings. We undertook a qualitative investigation to identify and explore factors relating to medication error in an adult oncology department in Saudi Arabia from the perspective of healthcare professionals.Methods
This was a qualitative study conducted in an adult oncology department in Saudi Arabia. After obtaining required ethical approvals and written consents from the participants, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were carried out for data collection. A stratified purposive sampling strategy was used to recruit medical doctors, pharmacists, and nurses. NVivo Pro version 11 was used for data analyses. Inductive thematic analysis was adopted in the primary coding of data while secondary coding of data was carried out deductively applying the Hospital Survey of Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) framework.Result
The total number of participants were 38. Majority of the participants were nurses (n?=?24), females (n?=?30), and not of Saudi nationality (n?=?31) with an average age of 36?years old. Causes of medication errors were categorized into 6 themes. These causes were related teamwork across units, staffing, handover of medication related information, accepted behavioural norms, frequency of events reported, and non-punitive response to error.Conclusion
There were numerous causes for medication errors in the adult oncology department. This means substantive improvement in medication safety is likely to require multiple, inter-relating, complex interventions. More research should be conducted to examine context-specific interventions that may have the potential to improve medication safety in this and similar departments. 相似文献11.
Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) has made the problem of solving antibiotic resistance one of its priorities. The present study was designed to determine knowledge and attitude towards antibiotic use in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.Materials and methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia in the period of July 2017 to October 2017. A self-administered questionnaire included question on demographic characteristics, antibiotic usage, knowledge and attitude towards antibiotics use. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package For the Social Science (SPSS).Results
A total of 405 questionnaires were randomly distributed to the general public in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia. However, only 387 of the participants completed the questionnaire making the response rate 95.5%. The majority of the participants (64.3%) know antibiotics effective against bacterial infections while (46.8%) of participants believed that antibiotics can be used to treat viral infections. A significant positive correlation was noted between the respondents’ antibiotic knowledge score and their attitude score (r?=?0.523, p?=?0.000). Significantly higher mean knowledge score of antibiotics was observed among study participants who were married, employed, participants working in health sector, high educational and high monthly income groups. Mean attitude score was found to be significantly high for females, participants working in health sector, high educational and high monthly income groups.Conclusion
The participants who have good knowledge towards antibiotics use showed positive attitude towards antibiotics use. Some specific groups should to be targeted for educational intervention in terms of appropriate antibiotic use, such as those who have received a low level of education and are in receipt of a low monthly income. 相似文献12.
Mumtaz Hussain Shariza Sahudin Nor Hayati Abu Samah Nor Khaizan Anuar 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2019,27(2):274-282
Objective
To investigate students perception of an industry based approach problem based learning (PBL) and their performance in drug delivery courses in pharmaceutics.Methods
PBL was implemented within two drug delivery courses in 2015, in anticipation that the use of formulation or industrial instead of clinical or pharmacy practice based triggers, would open up student interest and understanding towards learning pharmaceutics in relation to industrial pharmacy. Two cohorts were monitored through final year examination results and PBL feedback to evaluate student perception and acceptance of the use of PBL. Previous cohorts were only exposed to conventional tutorials.Results
Both cohorts showed better performance in their final examination results (2015 & 2016) compared to the previous year (2014) when students were only exposed to tutorials. The maximum and average marks obtained were also higher. There was significant difference between the maximum marks for Drug Delivery Systems 2 and the average marks for Drug Delivery Systems 1 with P?<?0.05. It was also noted that although the cGPA of student intake for Cohort 2014 is higher than Cohorts 2015 and 2016, the performance of students were better seen in the two latter cohorts. In addition, student feedback showed positive acquiescence towards using PBL as part of the course.Conclusions
Introduction of PBL in the drug delivery courses has shown to improve student academic performance either directly or indirectly by increasing student’s interest and understanding of the subjects taught. It also enhanced student soft skills and confidence. Students were happy with the implementation of PBL which improved their understanding of the subject, enhancing their abilities to think critically and improved their time management abilities. 相似文献13.
Background
Pterostilbene has a proven chemopreventive effect for colon carcinogenesis but suffers low bioavailability limitations and therefore unable to reach the colonic tissue.Objective and methodology
To overcome the issue of low bioavailability, pterostilbene was formulated into an oral colon targeted beads by ionic gelation method using pectin and zinc acetate. Optimization was carried out by 23 factorial design whereby the effect of pectin concentration (X1), zinc acetate concentration (X2) and pterostilbene:pectin ratio (X3) were studied on entrapment efficiency (Y1) and in vitro drug release till 24?h (Y2). The optimized beads were characterized for shape and size, swelling and surface morphology. The optimized beads were uniformly coated with Eudragit S-100 using fluidized bed coater. Optimized coated beads were characterized for in vitro drug release till 24?h and surface morphology. Pharmacokinetic and organ distribution study were performed in rats to ascertain the release of pterostilbene in colon.Results
The optimized formulation comprised of 2% w/v of pectin concentration (X1), 2% w/v of zinc acetate concentration (X2) and 1:4 of pterostilbene:pectin ratio (X3), which showed a satisfactory entrapment efficiency (64.80%) and in vitro release (37.88%) till 24?h. The zinc pectinate beads exhibited sphericity, uniform size distribution, adequate swelling and rough surface. The optimized coated beads achieved 15% weight gain, displayed smooth surface and optimum drug release. Pterostilbene from optimized coated beads appeared in the plasma at 14?h and reached the Cmax at 22?h (Tmax), whereas plain pterostilbene exhibited Tmax of 3?h.Discussion and conclusion
Thus, larger distribution of pterostilbene was obtained in the colonic tissue compared to stomach and small intestinal tissues. Thus, delayed Tmax and larger distribution of pterostilbene in colonic tissue confirmed the targeting of beads to colon. 相似文献14.
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Renato R. Martins Lunara T. Silva Gabriela G. Bessa Flavio M. Lopes 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(8):1155-1161
Objective
This study aimed to compare the use of trigger tools and non-targeted chart review as methods for the detection of adverse drug events in an intensive care unit considering the health system of a developing country.Methods
Patients were divided in groups that were submitted to different methods (trigger tool and non-targeted chart review) for adverse drug event detection. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed, and adverse drug events detected during the data collection were analyzed by a multidisciplinary team and classified according to their causality, predictability, severity and damage level.Results
The search for adverse events performed by trigger tools and non-targeted chart review allowed the identification of similar numbers of events (61.09 and 64.04 ADE/1000 patient-days, respectively), types of event and related drugs. In both groups, the most frequently detected adverse events were related to metabolic, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and hematological systems. These organic systems matched the drugs most associated with adverse event occurrence: anti-infectives, antithrombotics and insulins. Events identified by non-targeted chart review presented higher causality relationships and were considered less severe than those observed by trigger tool use (p?<?0.05).Conclusion
The similar performance between these methods supports trigger tool applicability in the ICU routine, as this methodology requires less time to retrieve information from the medical records. 相似文献18.
Dalia Almaghaslah Mohammed Ghazwani Abdurahman Alsayari Arwa Khaled 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(5):617-621
Objectives
The aim of the study was to evaluate previous exposure to online learning and preference for learning through pre-recorded online lectures with or without live active learning among pharmacy students in their fifth year.Methods
An anonymous online survey was self-administered to fifth-year students enrolled on the Graduation Research Project Course.Results
The response rate was 100%. Ninety-seven percent of students had previous experience with at least one online course during their pharmacy undergraduate curriculum; 76% of the courses were science courses. The majority of respondents preferred face-to-face, in-class lectures to online lectures, but 17% expressed no preference.Conclusion
Pharmacy students expressed some interest in online learning methods within the pharmacy curriculum. 相似文献19.
Balkhi Balkhi Mabrouk Al-Rasheedi Abuabker Ibrahim Elbur Ahmad Alghamadi 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(1):145-149
Background
High satisfaction with, and adherence to, warfarin therapy are linked to better international normalized ratio (INR) control and good therapeutic outcomes.Objective
This study was conducted to identify the association between satisfaction with, and adherence to, warfarin therapy and the control of the INR within the target therapeutic range.Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 1 to August 31, 2016, at the Anticoagulation Clinic in the Cardiology Center at King Fahad Hospital, Qassim, Saudi Arabia. All adult patients included in the study were 18-years-old or older and were on warfarin therapy for 6?months or more. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire.Results
A total of 298 patients were included. Of them, 194 patients (65.1%) were males and 152 (51.0%) were classified as satisfied with their warfarin therapy. Secondary educational level and above (P?=?.001) and being non-Saudi (P?=?.026) were identified as determinants of a high level of satisfaction. Ninety-five (31.8%) participants were classified as adherent to the therapy, and satisfaction with treatment was the only predictor of adherence (P?=?.009). One hundred thirty-six patients (45.6%) achieved their target INR range. Satisfaction (P?=?.038) and adherence (P?=?.023) were significantly associated with better INR control.Conclusion
Substantial efforts are needed to improve patient satisfaction and adherence to treatment through different strategies in order to achieve the target therapeutic goal for warfarin treatment. 相似文献20.