不同应激方式引发的抑郁大鼠行为特征比较

目的 了解经历不同类型的应激后大鼠抑郁样行为的差异.方法 将新生的SD大鼠随机分为母爱剥夺应激组(27只)、慢性温和应激组(29只)、双重应激组(31只)和正常对照组(30只).母爱剥夺组大鼠于出生后即接受母爱剥夺应激,慢性温和应激组大鼠在成年后接受慢性温和应激,双重应激组大鼠先接受母爱剥夺应激,成年后再接受慢性温和应激,对照组不接受任何实验处理.采用强迫游泳实验和糖水偏爱实验作为评估大鼠抑郁样行为的指标.结果 在强迫游泳实验中,母爱剥夺组[( 119.30±65.56)s]、慢性温和应激组[(145.00±80.24)s]及双重应激组[(170.03±61.75)s]大鼠静止漂浮时间长于对照组[(81.14±52.40)s,F=11.53,P＜0.01],其中双重应激组长于母爱剥夺应激组(P＜0.01),慢性应激组和双重应激组、母爱剥夺组大鼠差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.01);在糖水偏爱实验中,慢性温和应激组[(0.43±0.28)]、双重应激组[(0.50±0.26)]和对照组[ (0.54±0.28)]大鼠的糖水偏爱率差异有统计学意义(F=4.33,P＞0.01),母爱剥夺组[(0.32±0.22)]的糖水偏爱率低于对照组和双重应激组(均P＜0.05);雌、雄大鼠的静止漂浮时间和糖水偏爱率在不同应激方式下的差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).结论 3种应激方式均可导致大鼠表现出某种抑郁样行为.不同应激方式所致的抑郁样行为在不同性别的大鼠间无差异.     

母爱剥夺与神经行为发育

母爱剥夺（maternal deprivation,MD）是一种早期的生命应激事件,会引起新生鼠成年后认知障碍、重症抑郁症和焦虑症等。人群流行病学研究资料显示,生命早期环境可影响成年后学习记忆、性格特征、情绪能力以及应激事件的处理能力。     

早期母爱剥夺对青春期大鼠抑郁样行为及海马区颗粒层神经发生的影响

目的:探讨早期母爱剥夺对青春期(6~7周龄)大鼠抑郁样行为及海马区颗粒层神经发生的影响。方法:采用随机数字表法将新生大鼠根据窝别随机分为母爱剥夺组和对照组,每组3窝。母爱剥夺组幼鼠出生后第1~14天给予母爱剥夺应激,对照组幼鼠与母鼠同笼,正常饲养。记录大鼠5~6周龄时的体质量增量,6周龄后进行糖水偏爱实验,随后处死大鼠...     

母爱剥夺诱导的抑郁大鼠海马miR-16的表达

目的:研究母爱剥夺是否诱发成年大鼠抑郁样行为表现,miR-16是否参与母爱剥夺诱发抑郁的病理过程。方法:在SD大鼠出生后第1天按窝随机分为母爱剥夺组(n=17)和正常对照组(n=17)。母爱剥夺组大鼠在出生后第1至14天每天接受6 h的母爱剥夺应激,正常对照组大鼠不接受任何实验处理。在大鼠13周龄时采用强迫游泳和糖水偏爱实验评定大鼠的抑郁水平;采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测大鼠海马miR-16的表达水平。结果:在强迫游泳实验中,母爱剥夺组大鼠的被动漂浮时间显著长于对照组大鼠,糖水偏爱率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组比较,母爱剥夺组大鼠海马内miR-16的表达水平显著增加(P<0.05),miR-16表达水平与抑郁样行为水平显著相关(P<0.05)。结论:母爱剥夺能使大鼠成年后表现出抑郁样行为,海马内miR-16表达水平升高,miR-16可能参与母爱剥夺诱发大鼠抑郁样行为的病理过程。     

两种不同慢性应激对大鼠体质量与自发活动的影响

目的：观察慢性束缚性应激与不可预测应激对大鼠体质量与自发活动的影响。方法：大鼠随机分成对照组、慢性束缚性应激组（接受21d束缚应激）和慢性不可预测应激组（接受21d不可预测应激）。用电子动物秤称大鼠体质量,开场实验测定大鼠自发活动。结果：①第7d,对照组与慢性不可预测应激组体质量增长无统计学意义,慢性束缚性应激组体质量增长明显低于对照组和慢性不可预测应激组（P〈0.01）。第14、21d,两个应激组体质量增长明显低于对照组（P〈0.01）。②经21d应激,慢性不可预测应激组的中央路程和中央活动时间均明显少于对照组和慢性束缚性应激组（P〈0.05）,活动总路程大幅减少（P〈0.01）;慢性束缚性应激组与对照组比,总路程、中央路程与中央活动时间均无统计学意义。结论：慢性束缚性应激与不可预测应激均导致大鼠体质量增长减少,而慢性不可预测应激引起大鼠自发活动减少,行为受抑制。     

慢性氟中毒大鼠所生仔鼠大脑DNA、RNA含量的研究

为了解慢性氟中毒大鼠所生仔鼠大脑核酸含量的变化,选择慢性氟中毒母鼠所生仔鼠56只,与正常母鼠所生仔鼠36只对照,两组仔鼠于新生和生后28天分两批处死后进行检查。结果表明:实验组新生及28天龄仔鼠大脑组织氟含量增多,重量减轻,大脑内 DNA 及 RNA 含量均降低。     

慢性应激对大鼠行为及血清IL-2含量的影响

目的 探讨慢性应激对大鼠体质量、行为和血清IL-2含量的影响.方法 取健康雄性SD 大鼠随机分为对照组(n=10)和应激组(n=10).采用束缚、食物剥夺、昼夜颠倒、鼠笼倾斜和变换合笼饲养对象的复合应激方式建立慢性应激模型,通过旷场试验观察大鼠的行为变化,用电子秤监测大鼠的体质量变化;采用ELISA法测定大鼠血清IL-2的含量.结果 第3周应激后应激组大鼠的体质量增长明显低于对照组(P<0.05);应激组大鼠水平运动得分和垂直运动得分均低于对照组(P<0.05);应激组大鼠血清IL-2含量低于对照组(P<0.05).结论 慢性应激可引起大鼠行为异常,抑制大鼠的体质量增长和机体免疫功能.     

生命早期应激对成年大鼠自发活动和外周血皮质酮水平的影响

目的 观察生命早期应激对大鼠成年后自发活动和外周血皮质酮水平的影响.方法 以母子分离和孤养为早期应激手段,建立生命早期应激模型;成年后大鼠接受14天慢性应激:足底电击(电流1mA,6次/min,1s/次,10min,随机频率),用开场试验检测大鼠自发活动情况,用ELISA法测定外周血皮质酮浓度.结果 早期应激大鼠成年后自发活动总活动时间[为(296.96±6.63)s],高于对照组大鼠[为(291.06±8.40)s], 差异具有显著性(P＜0.01),早期应激大鼠外周血皮质酮浓度[为(15.51±2.41)nmol/L],高于对照组大鼠[为(11.27±2.49)nmol/L], 差异具有显著性(P＜0.05);再接受14d慢性应激后,大鼠自发活动总活动路程和总活动时间[分别为(23231.29±2030.35)mm和(296.39±3.48)s],高于对照组大鼠[分别为(14042.81.06±2875.34)mm和(259.18±4.71)s], 差异具有显著性(分别为P＜0.05和P＜0.01),外周血皮质酮浓度 [(20.60±1.83)nmol/L],高于对照组大鼠[(14.49±1.37)nmol/L], 差异具有显著性(P＜0.01).结论 早期应激可使大鼠成年后自发活动增加,外周血皮质酮浓度升高,下丘脑-垂体-促肾上腺皮质轴对应激的反应性增强.     

生命早期应激对成年期子代雄鼠抑郁样性行为的影响

目的：观察生命早期应激对成年期子代雄性大鼠抑郁相关行为的影响。方法：采用母爱剥夺法建立生命早期应激大鼠模型,于子代雄性大鼠成年期进行开场、蔗糖水偏嗜和Morris水迷宫实验,评价其抑郁相关行为表现。结果：母爱剥夺组中央活动路程较对照组明显减少（p〈0．05）,蔗糖水偏嗜百分比较对照组有下降趋势,Morris水迷宫实验中平台穿越次数和目标象限活动路程较对照组明显减少（P〈0．05）。结论：生命早期应激导致子代雄性大鼠成年期出现部分抑郁相关性行为,可为成年期抑郁症的神经生物学研究提供较为实用的动物模型。     

母爱剥夺缺氧缺血性脑损伤大鼠海马UCHL-1的表达

目的 探讨泛素羧基末端水解酶-1(ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L-1,UCHL-1)在母爱剥夺缺氧缺血性脑损伤大鼠海马中的定位及蛋白表达变化.方法 选取7日龄SD大鼠作为母爱剥夺缺氧缺血性脑损伤实验模型,随机分为3组:假手术组(Sham组)、缺氧缺血性脑损伤(HIBD)组、母爱剥夺(maternal deprivation,MD)组.实验第35天留取大脑海马组织,通过免疫组织化学法观察UCHL-1的定位表达变化,采用Western Blot (WB)观察UCHL-1的蛋白表达变化.结果 免疫组织化学结果显示,与Sham组比较,HIBD组和MD组UCHL-1的阳性细胞数量均显著减少(P＜0.001);与HIBD组相比,MD组UCHL-1的阳性细胞数显著减少(P=0.002).WB结果显示,与Sham组比较,HIBD组和MD组UCHL-1蛋白表达含量均显著下降(P＜0.001);与HIBD组相比,MD组UCHL-1蛋白表达含量显著下降(P=0.002).结论 UCHL-1在母爱剥夺脑缺氧缺血大鼠海马中表达显著下降,UCHL-1可能对母爱剥夺缺氧缺血性脑损伤海马神经细胞修复发挥重要作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.