不同应激方式引发的抑郁大鼠行为特征比较

目的 了解经历不同类型的应激后大鼠抑郁样行为的差异.方法 将新生的SD大鼠随机分为母爱剥夺应激组(27只)、慢性温和应激组(29只)、双重应激组(31只)和正常对照组(30只).母爱剥夺组大鼠于出生后即接受母爱剥夺应激,慢性温和应激组大鼠在成年后接受慢性温和应激,双重应激组大鼠先接受母爱剥夺应激,成年后再接受慢性温和应激,对照组不接受任何实验处理.采用强迫游泳实验和糖水偏爱实验作为评估大鼠抑郁样行为的指标.结果 在强迫游泳实验中,母爱剥夺组[( 119.30±65.56)s]、慢性温和应激组[(145.00±80.24)s]及双重应激组[(170.03±61.75)s]大鼠静止漂浮时间长于对照组[(81.14±52.40)s,F=11.53,P＜0.01],其中双重应激组长于母爱剥夺应激组(P＜0.01),慢性应激组和双重应激组、母爱剥夺组大鼠差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.01);在糖水偏爱实验中,慢性温和应激组[(0.43±0.28)]、双重应激组[(0.50±0.26)]和对照组[ (0.54±0.28)]大鼠的糖水偏爱率差异有统计学意义(F=4.33,P＞0.01),母爱剥夺组[(0.32±0.22)]的糖水偏爱率低于对照组和双重应激组(均P＜0.05);雌、雄大鼠的静止漂浮时间和糖水偏爱率在不同应激方式下的差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).结论 3种应激方式均可导致大鼠表现出某种抑郁样行为.不同应激方式所致的抑郁样行为在不同性别的大鼠间无差异.     

母爱剥夺与神经行为发育

母爱剥夺（maternal deprivation,MD）是一种早期的生命应激事件,会引起新生鼠成年后认知障碍、重症抑郁症和焦虑症等。人群流行病学研究资料显示,生命早期环境可影响成年后学习记忆、性格特征、情绪能力以及应激事件的处理能力。     

早期母爱剥夺对青春期大鼠抑郁样行为及海马区颗粒层神经发生的影响

目的:探讨早期母爱剥夺对青春期(6~7周龄)大鼠抑郁样行为及海马区颗粒层神经发生的影响。方法:采用随机数字表法将新生大鼠根据窝别随机分为母爱剥夺组和对照组,每组3窝。母爱剥夺组幼鼠出生后第1~14天给予母爱剥夺应激,对照组幼鼠与母鼠同笼,正常饲养。记录大鼠5~6周龄时的体质量增量,6周龄后进行糖水偏爱实验,随后处死大鼠...     

母爱剥夺诱导的抑郁大鼠海马miR-16的表达

目的:研究母爱剥夺是否诱发成年大鼠抑郁样行为表现,miR-16是否参与母爱剥夺诱发抑郁的病理过程。方法:在SD大鼠出生后第1天按窝随机分为母爱剥夺组(n=17)和正常对照组(n=17)。母爱剥夺组大鼠在出生后第1至14天每天接受6 h的母爱剥夺应激,正常对照组大鼠不接受任何实验处理。在大鼠13周龄时采用强迫游泳和糖水偏爱实验评定大鼠的抑郁水平;采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测大鼠海马miR-16的表达水平。结果:在强迫游泳实验中,母爱剥夺组大鼠的被动漂浮时间显著长于对照组大鼠,糖水偏爱率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组比较,母爱剥夺组大鼠海马内miR-16的表达水平显著增加(P<0.05),miR-16表达水平与抑郁样行为水平显著相关(P<0.05)。结论:母爱剥夺能使大鼠成年后表现出抑郁样行为,海马内miR-16表达水平升高,miR-16可能参与母爱剥夺诱发大鼠抑郁样行为的病理过程。     

两种不同慢性应激对大鼠体质量与自发活动的影响

目的：观察慢性束缚性应激与不可预测应激对大鼠体质量与自发活动的影响。方法：大鼠随机分成对照组、慢性束缚性应激组（接受21d束缚应激）和慢性不可预测应激组（接受21d不可预测应激）。用电子动物秤称大鼠体质量,开场实验测定大鼠自发活动。结果：①第7d,对照组与慢性不可预测应激组体质量增长无统计学意义,慢性束缚性应激组体质量增长明显低于对照组和慢性不可预测应激组（P〈0.01）。第14、21d,两个应激组体质量增长明显低于对照组（P〈0.01）。②经21d应激,慢性不可预测应激组的中央路程和中央活动时间均明显少于对照组和慢性束缚性应激组（P〈0.05）,活动总路程大幅减少（P〈0.01）;慢性束缚性应激组与对照组比,总路程、中央路程与中央活动时间均无统计学意义。结论：慢性束缚性应激与不可预测应激均导致大鼠体质量增长减少,而慢性不可预测应激引起大鼠自发活动减少,行为受抑制。     

慢性氟中毒大鼠所生仔鼠大脑DNA、RNA含量的研究

为了解慢性氟中毒大鼠所生仔鼠大脑核酸含量的变化,选择慢性氟中毒母鼠所生仔鼠56只,与正常母鼠所生仔鼠36只对照,两组仔鼠于新生和生后28天分两批处死后进行检查。结果表明:实验组新生及28天龄仔鼠大脑组织氟含量增多,重量减轻,大脑内 DNA 及 RNA 含量均降低。     

慢性应激对大鼠行为及血清IL-2含量的影响

目的 探讨慢性应激对大鼠体质量、行为和血清IL-2含量的影响.方法 取健康雄性SD 大鼠随机分为对照组(n=10)和应激组(n=10).采用束缚、食物剥夺、昼夜颠倒、鼠笼倾斜和变换合笼饲养对象的复合应激方式建立慢性应激模型,通过旷场试验观察大鼠的行为变化,用电子秤监测大鼠的体质量变化;采用ELISA法测定大鼠血清IL-2的含量.结果 第3周应激后应激组大鼠的体质量增长明显低于对照组(P<0.05);应激组大鼠水平运动得分和垂直运动得分均低于对照组(P<0.05);应激组大鼠血清IL-2含量低于对照组(P<0.05).结论 慢性应激可引起大鼠行为异常,抑制大鼠的体质量增长和机体免疫功能.     

生命早期应激对成年大鼠自发活动和外周血皮质酮水平的影响

目的 观察生命早期应激对大鼠成年后自发活动和外周血皮质酮水平的影响.方法 以母子分离和孤养为早期应激手段,建立生命早期应激模型;成年后大鼠接受14天慢性应激:足底电击(电流1mA,6次/min,1s/次,10min,随机频率),用开场试验检测大鼠自发活动情况,用ELISA法测定外周血皮质酮浓度.结果 早期应激大鼠成年后自发活动总活动时间[为(296.96±6.63)s],高于对照组大鼠[为(291.06±8.40)s], 差异具有显著性(P＜0.01),早期应激大鼠外周血皮质酮浓度[为(15.51±2.41)nmol/L],高于对照组大鼠[为(11.27±2.49)nmol/L], 差异具有显著性(P＜0.05);再接受14d慢性应激后,大鼠自发活动总活动路程和总活动时间[分别为(23231.29±2030.35)mm和(296.39±3.48)s],高于对照组大鼠[分别为(14042.81.06±2875.34)mm和(259.18±4.71)s], 差异具有显著性(分别为P＜0.05和P＜0.01),外周血皮质酮浓度 [(20.60±1.83)nmol/L],高于对照组大鼠[(14.49±1.37)nmol/L], 差异具有显著性(P＜0.01).结论 早期应激可使大鼠成年后自发活动增加,外周血皮质酮浓度升高,下丘脑-垂体-促肾上腺皮质轴对应激的反应性增强.     

生命早期应激对成年期子代雄鼠抑郁样性行为的影响

目的：观察生命早期应激对成年期子代雄性大鼠抑郁相关行为的影响。方法：采用母爱剥夺法建立生命早期应激大鼠模型,于子代雄性大鼠成年期进行开场、蔗糖水偏嗜和Morris水迷宫实验,评价其抑郁相关行为表现。结果：母爱剥夺组中央活动路程较对照组明显减少（p〈0．05）,蔗糖水偏嗜百分比较对照组有下降趋势,Morris水迷宫实验中平台穿越次数和目标象限活动路程较对照组明显减少（P〈0．05）。结论：生命早期应激导致子代雄性大鼠成年期出现部分抑郁相关性行为,可为成年期抑郁症的神经生物学研究提供较为实用的动物模型。     

母爱剥夺缺氧缺血性脑损伤大鼠海马UCHL-1的表达

目的 探讨泛素羧基末端水解酶-1(ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L-1,UCHL-1)在母爱剥夺缺氧缺血性脑损伤大鼠海马中的定位及蛋白表达变化.方法 选取7日龄SD大鼠作为母爱剥夺缺氧缺血性脑损伤实验模型,随机分为3组:假手术组(Sham组)、缺氧缺血性脑损伤(HIBD)组、母爱剥夺(maternal deprivation,MD)组.实验第35天留取大脑海马组织,通过免疫组织化学法观察UCHL-1的定位表达变化,采用Western Blot (WB)观察UCHL-1的蛋白表达变化.结果 免疫组织化学结果显示,与Sham组比较,HIBD组和MD组UCHL-1的阳性细胞数量均显著减少(P＜0.001);与HIBD组相比,MD组UCHL-1的阳性细胞数显著减少(P=0.002).WB结果显示,与Sham组比较,HIBD组和MD组UCHL-1蛋白表达含量均显著下降(P＜0.001);与HIBD组相比,MD组UCHL-1蛋白表达含量显著下降(P=0.002).结论 UCHL-1在母爱剥夺脑缺氧缺血大鼠海马中表达显著下降,UCHL-1可能对母爱剥夺缺氧缺血性脑损伤海马神经细胞修复发挥重要作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.