深部脑刺激电极埋置术治疗帕金森病的护理

帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)是发生于中老年人的以震颤、僵直和运动迟缓为主要症状的中枢神经系统疾病。深部脑刺激电极埋置术(deep brain stimulation,DBS)是继射频热凝毁损术之后,治疗PD的一种新的微创手术,是在脑深部特定的神经核团置入电极,通过释放高频电刺激,抑制神经元异常电活动,而发挥治疗作用,能明显改善PD症状,提高患生活质量。1999年10月至2003年5月,我科采用立体定向技术行DBS12例,效果满意,现将本组患的护理介绍如下：     

脑深部电刺激术治疗帕金森病患者围术期的护理

目的探讨脑深部电刺激手术治疗帕金森病的围术期护理。方法回顾分析了我院采用脑深部电刺激手术治疗的帕金森病患者13例，其中男8例，女5例，对其围术期护理进行分析总结。结果均以STN为刺激靶点，全部手术患者肌僵直、运动徐缓、震颤等症状即明显改善，2例患者停药，11例患者可明显减少左旋多巴等药物用量。结论笔者认为脑深部电刺激手术治疗帕金森病疗效可靠，并发症少，围术期加强心理护理及康复护理对获得满意疗效极为重要。     

丘脑底核脑深部电刺激术在改善帕金森病核心症状中的应用

目的探讨丘脑底核脑深部电刺激术在改善帕金森病(PD)核心症状中的疗效。方法选取行双侧丘脑底核脑深部电刺激术PD患者20例,采用自身前后对照法在基线和随访结束时(术后12个月)对患者运动症状、认知功能进行评估,观察患者术后不良反应,比较术前、术后日左旋多巴等效计量。结果术前及术后12个月时,服药状态下帕金森病评定量表第3部分(UPDRSⅢ)评分及各亚相评分均明显低于未服药状态(P0.05);术后12个月时,未服药及服药状态下的UPDRSⅢ评分及各亚相评分均明显低于术前(P0.05),服药后各个评分项目的改善率均明显高于术前(P0.05),VFT评分明显低于术前(P0.05),CDT评分明显高于术前(P0.05);术后1年日左旋多巴等效计量均较术前明显减少(P0.01);术后未见颅内出血、电极位置不当、脑脊液漏等并发症。结论双侧丘脑底核脑深部电刺激术能显著改善PD患者运动及认知功能,有效减少药物用量,手术安全性高,治疗效果显著。     

双侧脑深部电刺激术治疗帕金森病病人的心理护理

[目的]观察帕金森病病人在使用脑深部电刺激术治疗前后的心理变化,以进行针对性的护理,提高手术成功率及康复效果。[方法]通过对20例病人进行心理状态分析,分别在手术治疗前、中、后进行有目的心理护理。[结果]手术前消除了病人的心理顾虑,取得了病人的配合;术中使病人放松紧张情绪;术后使病人树立自信心,提高生活质量。[结论]针对性的心理护理,使病人能以平和的心态接受手术治疗,促进早日康复。     

脑深部电刺激术治疗帕金森病的进展与展望

脑深部电刺激术(deep brain stimulation,DBS)目前已成为国内外认可的帕金森病重要治疗方案。随着脑科学、手术方法、磁共振成像技术的不断发展,以及大量临床循证医学证据的逐渐完善,DBS治疗帕金森病在手术时机、靶点选择、症状控制、治疗机制、设备改进等方面均取得了较大的进展。但是,其在中轴运动症状和非运动症状的控制方面尚存在一些不足,设备、程控设置等方面也有待改进。     

脑深部电刺激治疗帕金森病的护理

目的 探讨脑深部电刺激(Deep brain stimulation,DBS)治疗帕金森病围手术期配合和护理要点.方法 分析我院2006年8月～2010年9月脑深部电刺激治疗的21例原发性帕金森病患者的临床护理资料,在护理过程中,重点关注病人术前心理护理和宣教、术后做好病情观察、并发症的观察和护理、注意事项的宣教等.结...     

围术期预见性护理对脑深部电刺激术治疗帕金森病患者的影响

目的:探讨围术期预见性护理对脑深部电刺激术(DBS)治疗帕金森病患者的影响。方法:随机选择2016年8月1日～2020年12月31日收治的帕金森病患者80例为研究对象,根据住院尾号奇偶不同,分为对照组和观察组各40例;对照组采用常规护理干预,观察组采用围术期预见性护理干预措施;比较两组认知功能[采用蒙特利尔认知评估表(MoCA)和简明精神状态检查表(MMSE)],负性情绪[采用汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)],护理不良事件总发生率。结果:护理后,观察组MoCA评分、MMSE评分均高于对照组(P0.01);HAMA评分、HAMD评分均低于对照组(P0.01);护理不良事件总发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:DBS治疗帕金森病患者配合有效围术期预见性护理,可有效增强患者认知功能,缓解负性情绪,减少并发症的发生。     

脑慢性深部电刺激治疗难治性帕金森病及特发性震颤

目的 应用脑慢性深部电刺激（ＤＢＳ）治疗难治性帕金森病（ＰＤ）及特发性震颤（ＥＴ）,并对其疗效作出评价。方法 对６例ＰＤ患及２例ＥＴ患采用磁共振导向立体定向及术中电生理验证方法。将刺激电极分别植入丘脑腹中间核及丘脑底核,并同期植入刺激发生器。结果 ６例患术中获得了显的疗效,震颤完全消失,肌张力恢复正常,步态、姿势明显改善,未出现任何并发症。结论 ＤＢＳ作为目前最理想的手术方法治疗药物难治性ＰＤ、ＥＴ,具有极少副作用、可逆转性的优点,能完全控制震颤,明显改善肌张力障碍、步态、姿势等运动障碍。     

术中磁共振导航下脑深部刺激术治疗帕金森病的围手术期护理

总结了自2009年1月到2011年12月行术中磁共振导航下脑深部刺激术治疗帕金森病的92例患者的围手术期护理经验.包括充分评估术前、术中、术后可能出现的各种问题,结合患者病情制定详细完整的护理计划,实施整体护理,并总结评价护理效果.认为对行术中磁共振导航下脑深部刺激术治疗帕金森病的患者实施科学系统的围手术期护理,对提高手术的有效性和安全性,改善患者的生活、工作质量有重要的作用.     

脑深部刺激治疗帕金森病的手术配合

目的探讨脑深部刺激(deep brain stimulation,DBS)治疗帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)的手术配合与护理措施。方法回顾性分析174例DBS手术,总结DBS的手术配合和围术期的护理方法。结果手术均获成功,术后随访3~104个月,平均(29.4±10.6)个月,帕金森统一评分改善率为46.2%。手术护士术前应做好患者、环境和物品准备,术中应根据手术不同阶段的特点熟练配合,术后对仪器进行正确和严格的保养。结论 DBS治疗PD是一种创伤小、临床效果好、运动功能恢复较为理想的治疗方法,严格执行无菌操作、熟悉手术步骤、准确熟练地进行手术配合,是手术成功的关键。     

Deep Brain Stimulation: Overview And Update

Objective: To summarize the techniques for physiological localization that contribute to increased accuracy in the surgical treatment of movement disorders. Methods: Initial targeting through imaging referenced to stereotactic atlas are confirmed through physiological localization. Spontaneous recording, elicited recording, evoked potentials and stimulation provided physiological localization for target confirmation in the placement of lesions or DBS. Results: Imaging and stereotactic techniques produce inaccuracy that may be address by physiological localization. Microelectrode recording from basal ganglia and thalamic sites provides signature neuronal patterns to confirm and guide the trajectory. Spontaneous and elicited neuronal response are recorded from microelectrodes. Conclusions: Accuracy of movement disorders surgery is enhance through use of physiological localization. A multimodality approach provides techniques that allow localization in a variety of patient and environmental conditions.     

脑慢性深部电刺激治疗难治性帕金森病及特发性震颤

目的 应用脑慢性深部电刺激 (DBS)治疗难治性帕金森病 (PD)及特发性震颤 (ET),并对其疗效作出评价。方法 对 6例 PD患者及 2例 ET患者采用磁共振导向立体定向及术中电生理验证方法。将刺激电极分别植入丘脑腹中间核及丘脑底核,并同期植入刺激发生器。结果 6例患者术后获得了显著的疗效,震颤完全消失,肌张力恢复正常,步态、姿势明显改善,未出现任何并发症。结论 DBS作为目前最理想的手术方法治疗药物难治性 PD、 ET,具有极少副作用、可逆转性的优点,能完全控制震颤,明显改善肌张力障碍、步态、姿势等运动障碍。     

脑深部电刺激术手术护理配合流程构建

总结80例帕金森病(PD)患者实施脑深部电刺激(DBS)手术的护理配合要点。目的:探讨手术配合要点,制定围手术期护理方案,优化传统手术护理配合方法,减少手术并发症,缩短手术时间,并对部分护理方法进行改进,旨在建立一套统一的标准化围手术期护理配合流程,提高临床疗效。方法:2015年1月至2017年7月行DBS手术的80例帕金森病患者进行细致、缜密的手术护理配合。采取术前评估制定帕金森患者术前评估表,术中密切配合并注意患者的安全管理,时刻关注患者肢体变化,及时做出反应,术后及时的回访。结果:80例患者共植入155侧电极,5例单侧,75例双侧,其中1例患者术后出现颅内血肿,经对症治疗后血肿消失,其余患者无颅内血肿、永久神经系统以及与手术相关并发症出现。结论:本组80例患者,术后早期均有不同程度的临床症状改善,专科护士配合,流程的优化提高了手术配合的熟练度,手术时间较前有所缩短,术者满意度提高。标准化围手术期护理配合流程对DBS治疗PD的疗效提高具有重要作用。     

Pathways of Translation: Deep Brain Stimulation

Electrical stimulation of the brain has a 2000 year history. Deep brain stimulation (DBS), one form of neurostimulation, is a functional neurosurgical approach in which a high‐frequency electrical current stimulates targeted brain structures for therapeutic benefit. It is an effective treatment for certain neuropathologic movement disorders and an emerging therapy for psychiatric conditions and epilepsy. Its translational journey did not follow the typical bench‐to‐bedside path, but rather reversed the process. The shift from ancient and medieval folkloric remedy to accepted medical practice began with independent discoveries about electricity during the 19th century and was fostered by technological advances of the 20th. In this paper, we review that journey and discuss how the quest to expand its applications and improve outcomes is taking DBS from the bedside back to the bench.     

脑卒中后抑郁的疗效与诸因素的关系

目的了解影响中风后抑郁疗效的因素,尽可能及早消除可干预因素.方法观察74例中风后抑郁的疗效与年龄、性别、病因、病程、病情、病前性格、文化程度、心理社会因素、病灶部位的关系.结果中风后抑郁的疗效与患者以上诸因素及病灶部位有关,与病因及性别无关.结论积极有效的治疗可减轻患者的病情,尽早作心理治疗并动员患者亲人及社会对患者适当关怀和照顾,可提高中风后抑郁的疗效.     

磁共振成像技术在帕金森病震颤诊断及脑刺激治疗中的研究进展

帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)是以黑质纹状体多巴胺变性为特征的神经退行性疾病,临床表现有震颤、运动迟缓、僵硬等运动症状和焦虑、抑郁、认知功能障碍等非运动症状。震颤作为PD最常见的症状,其脑机制尚未完全明确,大约有四分之三的患者在疾病进展过程中出现震颤,且以震颤为主的PD被认为是疾病的早期阶段。脑刺激治疗如深部脑刺激(deep brain stimulation,DBS)、经颅磁刺激(transcranial magnetic stimulation,TMS)常用于PD的治疗与研究。近年来磁共振成像技术广泛用于PD诊疗方面的研究,能够从结构、功能等方面为早期诊断和疗效评估提供重要信息。本文对磁共振成像技术在以震颤为主PD的诊断及脑部刺激治疗效果评估方面的研究进展进行综述。     

From miracle to reconciliation: A hermeneutic phenomenological study exploring the experience of living with Parkinson's disease following Deep Brain Stimulation

Background

Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's disease is a promising treatment for patients who can no longer be treated satisfactorily with l-dopa. Deep Brain Stimulation is known to relieve motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease and improve quality of life. Focusing on how patients experience life when treated with Deep Brain Stimulation can provide essential information on the process patients go through when receiving a treatment that alters the body and changes the illness trajectory.

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore and describe the experience of living with Parkinson's disease when treated with Deep Brain Stimulation.

Design

The study was designed as a longitudinal study and data were gathered through qualitative in-depth interviews three times during the first year of treatment.

Participants and setting

Nine patients participated in the study. They were included when they had accepted treatment with Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's disease.

Methodology

Data collection and data analysis were inspired by the hermeneutic phenomenological methodology of Van Manen.

Results

The treatment had a major impact on the body. Participants experienced great bodily changes and went through a process of adjustment in three phases during the first year of treatment with Deep Brain Stimulation. These stages were; being liberated: a kind of miracle, changes as a challenge: decline or opportunity and reconciliation: re-defining life with Parkinson's disease. The course of the process was unique for each participant, but dominant was that difficulties during the adjustment of stimulation and medication did affect the re-defining process.

Conclusion

Patients go through a dramatic process of change following Deep Brain Stimulation. A changing body affects their entire lifeworld. Some adjust smoothly to changes while others are affected by loss of control, uncertainty and loss of everyday life as they knew it. These experiences affect the process of adjusting to life with Deep Brain Stimulation and re-define life with Parkinson's disease. It is of significant importance that health care professionals are aware of these dramatic changes in the patients’ life and offer support during the adjustment process following Deep Brain Stimulation.