156例2型糖尿病患者用药分析

目的了解2型糖尿病患者用药情况。方法对156份已确诊为2 型糖尿病患者的资料进行回顾性分析，统计患者的一般资料、用药情况及用药期间不良反应等。结果总共应用9种口服降糖药；2型糖尿病多采用联合用药方法治疗；糖尿病慢性并发症发病率较高(55.8%)。结论α型糖尿病应采取综合措施积极治疗，合理应用降糖药。     

糖尿病住院患者用药调查分析

近年来，糖尿病发病率逐年增加，糖尿病的治疗日益受到重视。为配合临床合理用药，我们对1999年10月～2000年5月出院的糖尿病患者进行了用药调查，报告如下。     

糖尿病患者合理用药护理体会

目的：观察合理用药护理对糖尿病患者的治疗效果。方法随机选取医院收治的糖尿病患者96例，将其均分为对照组与观察组各48例，对照组的患者实施常规用药护理，对观察组患者实施合理用药护理，观察2组患者的护理干预效果。结果观察组患者的糖尿病用药知识知晓率明显优于对照组，并且患者的血糖控制效果明显优于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（ P﹤0.05）。结论对糖尿病患者实施合理用药护理，能够有效提升患者的糖尿病用药知识的知晓率，以及患者的血糖控制效果，值得在临床应用中推广。     

糖尿病用药市场:西药占绝对优势

改革开放刚刚开始的1978年我国居民糖尿病患病率仅为0．6％左右，之后10年时间，患病率一直处于缓慢增长阶段，至1990年己达到1．2％，即每百人中有1名糖尿病患者，全国糖尿病患者总量已达1440万人；自20世纪90年代以来，我国经济发展进入快速增长时期，居民糖尿病患病率也处于急剧上升阶段，1995年达到1．5％，     

2型糖尿病患者的药学服务

目的探讨对2型糖尿病患者提供药学服务的方法和效果，指导患者用药。方法利用药学知识并结合药学服务实践，介绍药学服务的干预措施及内容。结果与结论药师为2型糖尿病患者提供药学服务，对于改善患者的用药依从性和控制血糖都有很大的帮助。     

糖尿病患者不同人群用药依从性调查分析

目的：了解糖尿病患者不同人群的用药依从性现状及用药中存在的问题。方法：采取问卷调查法对108名糖尿病患者的用药、遵医嘱等进行调查。结果：多数糖尿病患者每日用药3次，每日用药不超过2种。患者普遍认为，加强对疾病的认识、降低药费，是提高用药依从性的有效方法。结论：对不同的糖尿病患者应侧重提供不同的用药咨询指导，进行疾病及所服药品知识的宣传，以提高用药依从性和治疗效果。     

浅谈口服降糖药物的合理使用

随着我国经济的发展及人民生活水平的提高，糖尿病的发病率逐年增高，且已成为对人类健康危害最严重的非传染性慢性病之一。近几年来，新的口服降血糖药不断上市．这为临床用药提供了较宽的选择余地，但也给合理用药带来一定的难度。糖尿病患者多数是中、老年人，体质较差，同时又需要妊期服用药物。如何合理选用药物，提高疗效，减少不良反应的发生．确保患者用药安全、有效和经济，显得非常重要。     

口服降糖药的合理应用

近年来，由于人们生活水平的提高、饮食结构的调整以及生活方式的改变，我国糖尿病患者不断增加，成为继印度之后的第二糖尿病大国。糖尿病是一种慢性病，需长期服药，科学治疗。合理，正确的服用降糖药，对提高糖尿病患者的生活质量具有重要的意义。笔者通过查找文献资料和临床经验，并对糖尿病患者的相应临床指导，取得较好的效果，现介绍如下。     

门诊降糖药物的应用分析

糖尿病是一种糖、蛋白质和脂肪代谢障碍性疾病。其原因众多，但主要的失调是胰岛素分泌或生成异常。据估计。我国糖尿病患者已超过2000万人。为了解降糖药物的应用情况，我们抽取本院门诊处方进行分析。     

浅谈2型糖尿病患者的临床用药

目的 总结2型糖尿病临床常规用药以指导该病患者合理用药。方法 总结2型糖尿病临床常规药物的分类、服用方式、药效、应用情况及其安全性等资料，以总结该病患者的临床用药经验。结果 2型糖尿病患者临床用药分类、品种繁多，各有其适用患者人群及病情；临床用药方式不一，其中联合用药应用较为广泛。结论 合理选择药物种类、用药方式可有效改善2型糖尿病患者的预后、降低并发症，减少患者经济负担。     

Role of the liver in the disposition of intravenous nitroglycerin in the rat

Previous studies have indicated that the liver is the main site of nitroglycerin (NTG) elimination when the drug is systematically infused. To examine this hypothesis, we measured the apparent systemic clearance (Cls) of nitroglycerin in anesthesized rats receiving a constant intravenous infusion at a dose of 100 micrograms per kg per min. Animals were divided into shunt and sham groups; the former had undergone a portal vein ligation 10 days prior to the study, while the latter was subjected to a sham operation. On the study day, half of the animals of each group also received probenecid at 200 mg/kg, i.v., a drug previously reported to inhibit organic nitrate ester reductase (ONER) activity in rat liver. Arterial NTG samples were obtained at 41, 43 and 45 min of infusion in all four experimental groups; Cls was 439 +/- 32 ml per kg per min (mean +/- S.E.) in sham, 460 +/- 44 in sham and probenecid, 477 +/- 39 in shunt, and 461 +/- 34 in shunt and probenecid animals. During NTG infusion, hepatic blood flow (measured with a constant infusion of indocyanine green) was decreased markedly in shunted rats as was liver/body weight, indicating hepatic atrophy. The specific activity of hepatic ONER was similar in all four groups. In spite of marked differences in hepatic blood flow and hepatic mass, the Cls was similar in all four groups. The liver does not appear to be a major site for the elimination of systemic nitroglycerin as hitherto assumed.     

半导体激光治疗老年人压疮疗效观察

目的探讨半导体激光局部照射治疗老年人压疮疗效.方法:收集2012年1月-2015年6月48例压疮患者,分为半导体组和常规组各24例.常规组采用常规治疗,半导体组采用半导体激光加常规治疗,10 d为1个疗程,不超过3个疗程.疗程结束后比较两组疗效.结果:半导体组压疮愈显率为83.33％,创面愈合时间为(12.75±5.51)d,常规组分别为54.17％和(19.63±8.65)d,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),两组均未见不良反应.结论:半导体激光加常规治疗压疮效果肯定,无明显不良反应,且操作简便.     

Nifedipine in the treatment of hypertension in the elderly

The effect of nifedipine monotherapy, retard tablets, 20 mg bid, was evaluated in 23 hypertensive patients, mean age, 79 +/- 2 years. Twenty-one patients completed an eight-week study. Blood pressure (BP) decreased to 160/90 mm Hg in 15 patients; in four additional patients diastolic BP dropped by 15% to 28%. In a subset of five patients with isolated systolic hypertension, a significant reduction in systolic BP was noted. Side effects were relatively mild and only two patients discontinued the study. The results suggest that nifedipine monotherapy offers an alternative, logic, therapeutic approach to hypertension in the elderly.     

Problems in the evaluation of hypnosis in the treatment of alcoholism

Although hypnotherapy has been applied to alcoholism for over a century and is accepted by the AMA as a medically valid technique, the effectiveness of hypnosis in treating alcoholics remains controversial. Systematic evaluation has been hampered by the unique role of hypnosis as a cultural artifact, by problems in defining and verifying hypnotic intervention, by individual and situational variation in hypnotizability, and by difficulty in separating hypnosis from the therapies to which it is applied. Clinicians using hypnosis are likely to continue to base their claims for its effectiveness on intuition, especially since no study has demonstrated that hypnotherapy is contraindicated for patients requesting its use.     

HACCP在学校集体食堂卫生管理中的应用研究

目的 通过HACCP在学校集体食堂管理中的应用,提高食品卫生水平,保障学生的身体健康。方法 HACCP原则。结果 食品卫生达到较高水平,极大地减少了食物中毒的发生。结论 提示HACCP原则可在学校集体食堂的卫生管理中发挥有效作用。     

The role of the gut flora in the reduction of sulphinpyrazone in the rat

Sulphinpyrazone underwent both reduction to a sulphide and oxidation to a sulphone after parenteral administration to normal Wistar rats. Oral administration was associated with a bioavailability of about 75% and with a 3-fold greater formation of the sulphide. However, no sulphide was detected in the plasma after oral administration of sulphinpyrazone to germ-free (BD/X) rats or normal rats treated with oral antibiotics. In vitro studies showed that the major site of reduction of sulphinpyrazone was the contents of the hind gut with little activity detected in the liver or other tissues. The sulphide was oxidised in vivo to sulphinpyrazone and small amounts of sulphone, while the latter underwent only slight reduction to sulphinpyrazone, but did not give detectable levels of the sulphide. These data suggest that the gut microflora are the main site of reduction of sulphinpyrazone in the rat in vivo.