孕早中期C反应蛋白水平及其与妊娠期糖尿病的关系

目的观察孕早中期C反应蛋白（CRP）水平及其与妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）的关系。方法31例GDM患者、33例糖耐量减低（IGT）患者与44例无糖耐量减低正常妊娠妇女,分别于孕10～14周和孕24～28周行CRP检测,比较三组的CRP水平。结果三组孕妇的孕早、中期血清CRP水平差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,GDM组高于IGT组,IGT组高于NGT组。各组孕中期的CRP水平高于孕早期,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论GDM的发展过程中伴随有慢性炎症反应,且这种炎症反应随着妊娠进展和糖耐量异常的加重更为明显。孕早期血清CRP监测有利于GDM的早期发现和预防。     

C-反应蛋白与妊娠期糖尿病相关性的临床研究

目的：探讨C-反应蛋（CRP）与妊娠期糖尿病（GDU）之间的关系。方法随机选取在自治区人民医院及新疆生产建设兵团医院就诊的孕妇共392名为研究对象,将研究对象分为妊娠期糖尿病组（GDM）、妊娠期糖耐量异常组（IGT）、葡萄糖耐量正常组（NGT）、对照组,比较各组在妊娠不同阶段的血清CRP水平,采用方差分析进行数据统计处理。结果GDM纽的CRP水平显著高于NGT组、IGT纽和对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论CRP与GDM的发生有相关性,对GDM有一定的预测价值。     

妊娠期糖尿病患者胰高血糖素样肽1与肿瘤坏死因子α的相关性分析

目的 探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者血清胰高血糖素样肽1 (GLP-1)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)的变化.方法 观察正常葡萄糖耐量妊娠组(NGT)、葡萄糖耐量受损组( IGT)及GDM组血清TNF-α、GLP-1以及口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)结果. 结果 与NGT、IGT组比较,GDM组妊娠中期血清TNF-α明显升高而GLP-1值明显降低,差异有显著性(P<0.01). 结论 TNF-α、GLP-1等炎症因子是妊娠期糖尿病发生、发展的重要影响因素.     

C反应蛋白值对妊娠期糖尿病预测价值的探讨分析

目的通过追踪监测238例妊娠期妇女血清CPR水平,对不同妊娠阶段孕妇血清C-反应蛋白（CRP）的变化规律进行比较,从而了解CRP对预测妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）的临床意义及价值。方法根据血糖水平将研究对象分为妊娠期糖尿病组（GDM）,妊娠期糖耐量受损组（GIGR）,葡萄糖耐量正常组（NGT）,比较各组在不同妊娠阶段的血清cRP水平,采用方差分析进行数据统计处理。结果所有的研究对象中NGT组183例（1．86mg／L）和IGR组29例（3．61rag／L）、GDM组26例（4．37mg／L）的血清CRP均值比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;组内对照,各组在妊娠不同阶段的CPR的均值比较差异无统计学意义。结论CRP与GDM的发生有相关性,CRP对GDM有一定的预测价值。     

肥胖与非肥胖糖耐量受损患者血清C反应蛋白表达水平的研究

目的：探讨肥胖和非肥胖糖耐量受损（IGT）患者血清CRP表达的差异和临床意义。方法：117例IGT患者和68例正常糖耐量（NGT）对照组按BMI≥25kg／m^2和BMI〈23kg／m^2分为肥胖组与非肥胖组,以免疫散射比浊法测定CRP并加以比较。结果：CRP水平IGT组和NGT组各自组内比较,肥胖者均较非肥胖者高（P〈0．05）;组间比较,IGT组较NGT组CRP水平在肥胖者和非肥胖者均增高,差异显著（P〈0．01）。结论：IGT患者较NGT患者,肥胖较非肥胖者的炎症因子表达更显著。     

以真胰岛素水平测定平估2型糖尿病胰岛β细胞功能

目的探讨真胰岛素(TI)水平的测定在分析2型糖尿病(DM)β细胞功能及胰岛素抵抗中的意义.方法将99例研究对象分为3个组新诊断DM组39例,IGT组30例,正常糖耐量组(NGT组)30例,行口服75g葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)及TI、胰岛素(Ⅰ)、C肽(CP)试验.对稳态模式(Homa model)胰岛素抵抗指数(IR)、β细胞功能指数(HBCI)及胰岛素敏感性指数(IAI)和葡萄糖负荷后净增胰岛素/净增葡萄糖(即△I 60/△G60)等指标进行比较.结果DM组空腹TI值及负荷后的TI和Ⅰ值均低于IGT组和NGT组,仅空腹Ⅰ值高于IGT组和NGT组,负荷后的TI和Ⅰ各时点值IGT组高于DM及NGT组,DM者与IR呈正相关,与IAI、HBCI、△I 60/△G60呈负相关.用TI值计算△I 60/△G60为IGT组＞NGT组＞DM组;而用Ⅰ计算则为NGT组＞IGT组＞DM组.结论2型糖尿病同时表现显著的胰岛素抵抗及β细胞分泌功能衰退.IGT病人高胰岛素血症更显著,其胰岛素抵抗增强.TI能更准确地反映糖尿病患者胰岛素β细胞分泌功能的变化.     

妊娠期糖尿病患者血清白介素-6，肿瘤坏死因子-a和高敏-C反应蛋白的意义

目的观察妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）患者血清白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-a（TNF-Ot）和高敏一C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）的意义。方法选择2010年1月～2012年6月在上海市奉贤区中心医院妇产科产检的单胎孕妇436例,根据葡萄糖筛选试验和葡萄糖耐量试验,分为GDM组,糖耐量受损（IGT）组和正常对照组（NGT组）,并观察IL-6、TNF-d、hs-CRP和糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）的变化。结果与IGM组和NGT组比较,GDM组的IL-6、TNF-a、hs-CRP和HbA。水平出现明显升高,差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）。根据患者HbA。的水平,分为〈6．5％组为33例,6．5％～8．5％组为41例和〉8．5％组为81例。孕妇血清IL-6、TNF-a和hs-CRP水平随着HbA。的升高,而逐渐升高．差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论GDM孕妇的血清IL-6、TNF-a和hs-CRP水平出现明显升高,IL-6、TNF-a和hs-CRP可能参与了GDM的发病过程。     

不同糖耐量人群血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与胰岛素抵抗及胰岛β细胞功能的关系

目的：观察不同糖耐量阶段血浆同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine,Hcy）水平,探讨Hcy与胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞功能的关系。方法：选择在我院健康查体的83名符合入选标准的个体,行标准口服75g葡萄糖耐量试验,留取空腹血标本测定血脂、肝肾功能、Hcy等指标,留取空腹、服糖后2h血标本测定血糖和胰岛素水平、尿微量白蛋白/肌酐水平。Hcy采用免疫荧光偏振法测定。结果：经糖耐量试验将入选者分为糖耐量正常组（NGT）32例,糖耐量减低组（IGT）24例和新诊断糖尿病组（DM）27例。IGT组和DM组空腹Hcy水平明显高于NGT组（P〈0.01）。IGT组和DM组HOMA-IR显著高于NGT组（P〈0.01）,IGT组和DM组ISI显著低于NGT组（P〈0.01）,NGT组和IGT组HBCI显著高于DM组（P〈0.01,P〈0.01）,经HOMA-IR校正之后,NGT组HBCI/IR显著高于IGT组（P〈0.01）。IGT组FBCI显著高于NGT组和DM组（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,经HOMA-IR校正之后,NGT组FBCI/IR显著高于IGT组和DM组（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,IGT组FBCI显著高于DM组（P〈0.01）。相关分析显示Hcy与ISI（r=-0.335,P=0.030）呈显著负相关,经HOMA-IR校正后,Hcy与HBCI/IR和FBCI/IR呈显著负相关性。多元逐步回归分析显示,腰围、尿Alb/Cr、FINS、HOMA-IR、FBCI和FBCI/IR对Hcy有显著影响。结论：糖耐量受损者其血浆Hcy水平高于糖耐量正常者,胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞功能受损与糖耐量异常者血浆Hcy水平明显相关。     

糖耐量低减患者血清炎症因子的相关性研究

目的观察糖耐量低减（IGT）患者炎症因子的变化及其意义. 方法检测30 例IGT 患者和30 例正常糖代谢人群（NGT）血清中C-反应蛋白（CRP）和纤维蛋白原（Fg）水平,并测量其身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压,测定血脂（TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C）,计算体重指数（BMI）和腰臀比值（WHR）. 所有受试者均经口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）. 结果 IGT 组CRP与Fg明显高于NGT组,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;线性相关分析显示,在IGT 患者中,CRP 、Fg与BMI、WHR、舒张压、收缩压、TG 和LDL-C 呈正相关,与HDL-C 呈负相关;IGT 组BMI、脂代谢异常发生率、高血压发生率显著高于NGT 组. 结论糖耐量低减患者血清炎症因子CRP和Fg水平已经升高.     

不同糖代谢人群炎症因子水平变化及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的:了解不同糖代谢情况下血清中炎症因子白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)及高敏c-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的浓度变化,探讨炎症因子与胰岛素抵抗的关系.方法:检测正常对照组(NGT)、糖耐量减低组(IGT)和新发2型糖尿病组(DM)共90例观察对象的空腹血清hs-CRP、IL-6、IL-1β和胰岛素(FINS)、血糖(FBS)浓度及血脂全套;计算各组胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR).结果:hs-CRP浓度DM组显著高于IGT组和NGT组,IGT组亦明显高于NGT组(P<0.05);IL-6、IL-1β浓度DM组显著高于IGT组和NGT组(P<0.05),IGT组亦较NGT组高,但两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).并且炎症因子与HOMA-IR明显相关,其中hs-CRP与HOMA-IR的相关性最强.结论:炎症因子可能是预测2型糖尿病的危险因素,hs-CRP可作为胰岛素抵抗的可信赖标记物.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.