腘动脉陷迫综合征23例

目的:分析23例腘动脉陷迫综合征(PAES)的临床资料,总结PAES影像学诊断与手术治疗的经验。方法:23例(26条下肢)PAES患者,男19例,女4例,年龄5～64岁,平均(31.2±14.4)岁。患者术前施行了超声多普勒,CTA或MR检查,并对25条患肢施行了相应的手术治疗,监测手术前后患肢踝肱指数(ABI)变化。20条患肢施行了腘动脉周围异常组织松解术,其中9条因动脉闭塞同时施行了大隐静脉旁路移植术,7条患肢因动脉内膜增厚实行腘动脉内膜切除加动脉成形术;5条肢体行自体大隐静脉移植术。结果:22例患者随访6月～6年,平均(30.09±17.92)个月,25条手术肢体间歇性跛行症状治愈,踝肱指数由术前的0.44±0.09上升至术后的0.92±0.10(P<0.01)。1例患者因肺动脉栓塞术后1 d死亡。结论:PAES是慢性下肢动脉缺血的一个病因,影像学诊断是确诊本病的重要手段,早期积极外科干预预后较好。     

CTA诊断腘动脉陷迫综合征的价值(附五例报告)

腘动脉陷迫综合征(popliteal arteryentraom entsyndrome,PAES)是一种少见的血管外科疾病。收集5例手术病理确诊PAES,其CT血管成像术(CT an-giography,CTA)表现及其诊断结果,报道如下。     

腘动脉陷迫综合征的影像学诊断与手术治疗

目的 总结腘动脉陷迫综合征(popliteal artery entrapment syndrome,PAES)的影像学诊断与手术治疗经验.方法 本组11例(13条下肢)PAES患者,经CTA和MR(A)等检查确诊.其中男8例,女3例,平均年龄(28±19)岁;2例累计双下肢.间歇性跛行是最主要的症状.12条肢体术前踝肱指数(ankle brachial index,ABI)平均为0.47±0.27.结果 影像学结果 证实:6条患肢为Ⅰ型,3条患肢为Ⅱ型,3条患肢为Ⅲ型,另外1条患肢为Ⅳ型.11例患者中12条患肢接受了腘动脉探查或周围组织松解术,其中7条因动脉闭塞或动脉瘤同时施行了大隐静脉旁路移植术.本组随访11例(12条患肢),随访时间0个月至6年,平均(19 ±20)个月.术后平均ABI为0.81±0.30,较术前显著提高(P＜0.05),其中1例患者术后第1天死于肺栓塞,1例患者(1条患肢)术后腘动脉血栓形成,其他手术肢体间歇性跛行症状治愈.结论 腘动脉陷迫综合征的早期确切的影像学诊断和及时的外科治疗是至关重要的.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the experience on imaging diagnosis and surgical treatment for popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES). Methods From 2004 to 2010, 11 patients (12 limbs) diagnosed as PAES by CTA and MR ( A) underwent surgery. There were 11 patients with a mean age of (28 ±19) years, eight patients were male, three patients were female. Two patients were found to have bilateral involvement. Intermittent claudication was the most frequent presenting symptom. Six limbs were type Ⅰ , three limbs were type Ⅱ , three limbs were type Ⅲ , one limb was type Ⅳ. The preoperative mean ABI was 0.47 ± 0. 27. Results Popliteal artery exploration surgery or peripopliteal artery lysis was performed in 12 limbs, and this procedure was combined with a great saphenous vein bypass graft in seven limb because of arterial occlusion or aneurysm. After a median follow-up of ( 19 ± 20) months (0 month to 6 years) , the mean ABI improved to 0. 81 ±0. 30, which was significantly higher than that of preoperation( P ＜ 0.05),one patient died of pulmonary embolism one day after operation, one patient (one limb) had popliteal artery thrombosis after operation. Intermittent claudication symptoms disappeared in all other patients. Conclusions Timely imaging diagnosis and surgical intervention is very important for patients of PAES.     

腘动脉陷迫综合征的诊断与治疗

胭动脉陷迫综合征（popliteal artery entrapment syndrome,PAES）是指胴动脉与其周围肌肉或肌腱、纤维组织束的位置先天性关系异常所导致胭动脉受压而引起的下肢缺血症状群。临床虽为少见,但在青少年．特别是男性青少年下肢缺血的鉴别诊断中不容忽视。本文总结PAES的诊断与治疗要点,以求提高对该征的认识,避免延误诊治。     

腘动脉陷迫综合征一例

患者男 ,14岁 ,既往体健 ,无外伤史。因每跑步约 10 0m即出现左小腿疼痛致使运动被迫停止 4 0d ,于 2 0 0 0年 5月10日入院。体检 :左膝关节周围皮温高 ,呈热膝 ,左足背、胫后动脉搏动明显减弱。数字减影血管造影 (DSA) :左腘动脉内偏并中段闭塞 ,近段端呈杯口状 (图 1) ,由膝上内、上外动脉、膝中动脉等与远段腘动脉沟通 (交通支形成 ) ,胫前、胫后动脉等分支正常 ,但流速较慢 (图 2 )。择期在持硬膜外麻醉下行左腘窝探查 ,术中见腘动脉内偏 ,被腓肠肌内侧头紧压于股骨内侧髁上 ,已僵硬 ,成条索状 ,管壁增厚 ,内膜增生 ,下段狭窄 ,上段血…     

手法诱发试验对早期腘动脉陷迫综合征的诊断价值

目的探讨手法诱发试验对早期腘动脉陷迫综合征（popliteal artery entrapment syndrome,PAES）的诊断价值。方法应用手法诱发试验Ⅰ踝被动背伸、手法诱发试验Ⅱ踝主动跖屈、手法诱发试验Ⅲ踝主动抗阻跖屈、手法诱发试验Ⅳ全力收缩全小腿肌肉4种诱发试验检查8例确诊PAES及50例无症状对照者,并通过彩超、造影、手术进一步验证手法诱发试验的可靠性。结果手术确诊PAES患肢13条中,9条患肢4种手法诱发试验、彩超、造影检查均阳性;4条患肢足背动脉无搏动,无法手法诱发。PAES患者对侧3条正常肢体,4种手法诱发试验、彩超、造影检查均阴性。对照组100条肢体,无3种及以上手法诱发试验同时阳性情况;手法诱发试验Ⅰ～Ⅳ出现阳性肢体分别为2、49、0、1条。结论联合应用手法诱发试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ能鉴别健康肢体与足背动脉尚有搏动的早期PAES患肢。     

腘动脉陷迫综合征诊治的研究进展

腘动脉陷迫综合征(PAES)是腘动脉受周围肌肉、肌腱或纤维束反复挤压,引起的下肢缺血性疾病.PAES是相对少见的下肢血管病变,好发于下肢肌肉发达患者,尤其以青少年常见,早期缺乏典型症状,容易出现误诊及漏诊,PAES作为进展性疾病,晚期可发生严重不可逆的血管并发症.本文从PAES病理分型、辅助检查、治疗及预后等方面综合国...     

腘动脉陷迫综合征外科治疗疗效分析

目的探讨外科治疗腘动脉陷迫综合征(popliteal artery entrapment syndrome,PAES)的疗效。方法回顾分析2006年4月-2014年4月收治的14例PAES患者临床资料,其中男13例,女1例;年龄20~54岁,平均35.5岁。左侧4例,右侧9例,双侧1例。10条患肢足背动脉搏动消失,5条患肢足背动脉搏动减弱;踝肱指数0.51±0.07。病程2周~12个月,平均5.2个月。根据PAES不同诊断及分型对9例患者行腘动脉周围异常组织松解术及腔内治疗术,余5例腘动脉功能性陷迫行保守治疗。结果 1例行肌切除、闭塞动脉取栓动脉成形术者,术后5 d腘动脉再次闭塞,行插管溶栓术后再通。其余患者经手术治疗及保守治疗后踝肱指数上升至0.93±0.22,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=5.634,P=0.000),跛行症状均缓解。14例均获随访,随访时间5~81个月,平均29.7个月。8例行腘动脉松解术后下肢活动正常,腘动脉血流通畅;1例介入下行球囊扩张术后11个月腘动脉再狭窄,给予抗血小板、抗凝保守治疗后症状未见反复。5例保守治疗患者治疗后下肢活动正常,腘动脉血流通畅。结论 PAES患者早期确诊并及时外科干预能获较好近、中期临床疗效。     

青少年腘动脉陷迫综合征17例诊疗分析

目的 总结青少年腘动脉陷迫综合征（popliteal artery entrapment syndrome,PAES）的影像学诊断与手术治疗经验.方法 对17 例（18 条下肢）青少年PAES 患者术前施行了超声多普勒,CTA或MR检查,并对17条患肢施行了相应的手术治疗,监测手术前后患肢踝肱指数（ankle brachial index,ABI）变化.13 条患肢施行了腘动脉周围异常组织松解术,其中5条因动脉闭塞同时施行了大隐静脉旁路移植术,4条患肢因动脉内膜增厚实行腘动脉内膜切除＋动脉成形术;4条肢体行自体大隐静脉移植术.结果 16例患者随访 6个月～6年,平均（30.88±19.88）个月,所有手术肢体间歇性跛行症状治愈,踝肱指数由术前的（0.47±0.09）上升至术后的（0.96±0.07）,较术前显著提高（P＜0.01）.1例患者因肺动脉栓塞术后1d死亡.结论 PAES是青少年下肢动脉缺血的一个重要病因.影像学诊断是确诊本病的重要手段,早期积极外科干预预后较好.     

功能性腘动脉陷迫综合征的CTA解剖特点初探

目的运用CTA标线法探讨功能性腘动脉陷迫综合征(functional popliteal artery entrapment syndromef,PAES)是否存在"解剖畸形"。方法 2007～2011年手术确诊的14条fPAES患肢与180条对照肢体的CTA进行比较,并用CTA标线法分析腘窝轴位上两组的解剖位置差异。结果 fPAES组所有患肢腓肠肌内侧头向外移位且13条(93%)向外超过了腘动脉,所有腘动脉均向深方移位;对照组腓肠肌内侧头完全起自"股骨内侧髁后上方"(解剖学所描述的标准位置)的仅占12%(21/180);对照组21%(38/180)腓肠肌内侧头与腘动脉相对位置关系及38%(68/180)的腘动脉深浅位置关系不符合标准解剖。结论腓肠肌内侧头的外移普遍存在,解剖"移位"可能从量变到质变f,PAES可能是严重移位导致的结果。内侧头外移超越腘动脉及腘动脉向深方移位是fPAES两个有意义的观察指标。     

Diagnosis and surgical management of popliteal artery entrapment syndrome

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to report the authors' experience of surgically treating eight limbs in six patients for popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES), over a 10-year period. METHODS: From 1995 to 2004, six patients (eight limbs) underwent surgery for PAES at a single institution. The patients' data were collected retrospectively from the case records and operative notes. RESULTS: There were six patients with a mean age of 34 years (range, 27-38 years) at diagnosis and five of them were male. Two patients were found to have bilateral involvement. Both patients had symptoms involving both limbs and underwent bilateral surgery. Intermittent claudication was the most frequent presenting symptom (seven of eight limbs). All the patients had Delaney's type III PAES. Popliteal artery release was performed in all eight limbs and this was combined with a vein patch or a reversed long saphenous vein bypass graft in four limbs because the arteries in these four limbs were diseased or occluded. At a median follow up of 15 months (range, 40 days-9 years), five (seven limbs) of the six patients (eight limbs) were cured of their symptoms. One patient who presented late with rest pain and dusky toes underwent popliteal artery release, endarterectomy and a vein patch repair for an occluded popliteal artery. However, her limb could not be salvaged and her affected limb had to be amputated. CONCLUSION: Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is a rare but important cause of peripheral vascular insufficiency especially in young patients. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention is imperative for good operative outcome and to prevent limb loss.     

Bilateral popliteal artery entrapment syndrome —Report of a case—

A 15-year old female presented with bilateral popliteal artery entrapment syndrome. The left popliteal artery was completely occluded and thromboendarterectomy was performed. Angiography on passive dorsiflexion revealed compression of the right popliteal artery, although it was free of symptoms and of normal caliber. End-to-end anastomosis in the normal anatomical position without division of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle was performed on both sides.     

腘动脉陷迫综合征的诊治

目的 总结腘动脉陷迫综合征(popliteal artery entrapment syndrome,PAES)的诊断和手术治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析2002-2009年收治的10例(13条患肢)腘动脉陷迫综合征的临床资料,病程20 d至2年,平均(5±7)个月.9例以不同程度的间歇性跛行为始发症状,经数字减影造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)、计算机断层扫描血管成像(computed tomographic angiogram,CTA)、磁共振血管成像(magnetic resonance angiogram,MRA)检查或者术中确诊,10例患者均经手术治疗.结果 患者发病年龄17～41岁,平均(25±7)岁.间歇性跛行是主要临床症状(9例,12条肢体),手术方式:肌切除、腘动脉松解术1例,股动脉切开取栓、腘动脉病变段球囊扩张术1例,肌切除、腘动脉切开取栓、内膜剥脱、大隐静脉补片成型术2例,取自体大隐静脉间置或旁路移植术6例,人工血管间置或旁路移植术3例.所有患者均得到随访,随访时间(35±27)个月(2个月至7年),患者无术中和术后长期并发症,临床症状无复发.结论 PAES是一种少见疾病,腘动脉松解、血管旁路或者血管重建等手术治疗是较好的选择.     

闭合性腘动脉损伤的诊治

目的探讨闭合性胭动脉损伤的诊治方法和效果。方法13例闭合性胭动脉损伤患者,10例采取动-静脉吻合和桥接术治疗,2例因肌肉缺血坏死行一期截肢术,1例行保守治疗。结果动-静脉吻合和桥接术10例中血管再通肢体成活9例。血循环重建时间3．5～35h,其中8h以内重建血循环8例,肢体功能恢复良好,1例遗留不同程度的缺血性挛缩,另1例术后26h再次栓塞,保守治疗无效而行二期截肢。保守溶栓治疗成功1例。13例中3例截肢。病残病废共5例,其中1例腓总神经损伤肢体功能部分恢复。结论闭合性胭动脉损伤应尽早明确诊断,在8h内修复者效果好,超过这一时限病残率及截肢率均明显上升。     

Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome of the monozygotic twin —A case report and pathogenetic hypothesis—

A 22 year old Japanese man with popliteal artery entrapment syndrome in which both popliteal arteries were segmentally occluded and deviated medially, underwent surgical treatment by grafting and patching with autologous veins. His identical co-twin was also found to have a less severe form of popliteal artery entrapment syndrome. This is the first report of popliteal artery entrapment syndrome presenting in a pair of monozygotic twins and the concordance of the syndrome suggests that genetic factors may play a part in the development of this rare syndrome.     

胭动脉陷迫综合征的诊断与治疗

腘动脉陷迫综合征(Popliteal artery entrapment svndrome,PAES)是指胭动脉与其周围肌肉或肌腱、纤维组织束的位置先天性关系异常所导致胭动脉受压而引起的下肢缺血症状群.临床虽为少见,但在青少年,特别是男性青少年下肢缺血的鉴别诊断中不容忽视.本文总结PAES的诊断与治疗要点,以求提高对该征的认识,避免延误诊治.     

Surgical treatment for acute ischemia caused by bilateral popliteal artery entrapment syndrome in an elderly patient: report of a case

We report the unusual case of a 73-year-old man who underwent surgery for bilateral popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES). A medial approach was used to operate on the left leg, and the vein bypass was made from the superficial femoral artery to the crural artery through a subfascial route. A posterior approach was used to operate on the right leg and it was found that the mid-popliteal artery passed medial to and beneath the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle and was severely compressed by an accessory slip of muscle. The vein bypass from the above-knee to below-knee popliteal artery was established through the original route after resection of the accessory slip of muscle. A postoperative arteriogram showed good bypass flow to the bilateral crural arteries. To our knowledge, this case represents the oldest patient with this disorder to be treated by surgery. Received: January 7, 2002 / Accepted: May 7, 2002 Reprint requests to: T. Sugimoto     

Optimizing the diagnostic approach of functional popliteal artery entrapment syndrome

ObjectiveFunctional popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (fPAES) is an underdiagnosed and undertreated etiology of atypical claudication. Symptoms of fPAES include deep posterior muscle cramping and pain with exercise and, unlike anatomic PAES, there are seldom vascular complications. Common noninvasive diagnostic modalities include ankle-brachial index, arterial duplex Doppler ultrasound (DUS) examination, and cross-sectional imaging such as magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Entrapment can be difficult to reproduce during diagnostic testing, requiring provocative maneuvers. Because we believed different provocative maneuvers provide different diagnostic efficacy, we sought to optimize our diagnostic approach to fPAES.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of patients before and after optimizing our noninvasive imaging protocol comparing patients with fPAES versus other atypical claudicants with chronic compartment syndrome.ResultsArterial DUS examination and exercise ankle-brachial index were important components of our protocol with a significant decrease in systolic posterior tibial blood pressure of –14 mm Hg after exercise, whereas nonentrapment release patients had an overall increase of 8 mm Hg (P = .006). Arterial DUS examination of the distal PA with forced plantarflexion demonstrated a trend toward an increase in the measured velocity ratio, especially in the middle and distal PA. MRA with stressed plantar flexion findings were positive in 6 of 11 patients with fPAES, with false negatives likely owing to patients’ inability to maintain a provocative position for the duration of the MRA.ConclusionsDiagnosing fPAES is challenging owing to a lack of standardized diagnostic testing and provocative maneuvers. Different maneuvers demonstrated varying diagnostic yields for fPAES. Exercise ABIs were the most reliable vascular laboratory test to detect changes attributable to fPAES and to distinguish it from chronic compartment syndrome. Segmental PA DUS examination seems to be promising as a means of detecting PA impingement. Stress positional MRA effectively demonstrates anatomic PAES, but has a false-negative rate for fPAES.     

Surgical treatment for popliteal artery entrapment syndrome

PURPOSE: This study was a retrospective review of 11 limbs of 10 patients with popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) treated surgically in a 20-yr period. METHODS: The patients were aged 34.7 +/- 17.4 SEM yr. Arteriographic findings varied, showing medial deviation in two limbs, poststenotic dilatation in four limbs and occlusion of the popliteal artery in five limbs. In addition, computed tomographic (CT) scanning showed positive findings of PAES in all the limbs. RESULTS: The surgical procedures consisted of musculotendonous section (MTS) with autogenous saphenous vein (ASV) graft in seven limbs, MTS and ASV patch angioplasty with or without thromboendarterectomy in three limbs, and MTS alone in one limb. All the ASV grafts were found to be patent during the postoperative follow-up period (10.9 +/- 4.0 yr). CONCLUSION: CT scanning was demonstrated to be the most sensitive diagnostic modality for PAES, and MTS with or without ASV grafting method was considered to be the best surgical procedure for PAES.