胚胎移植12 491个周期的临床效果及影响因素分析

目的 探讨体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)治疗不孕的临床效果及其影响因素.方法 回顾性分析北京大学第三医院2005至2007年间,12 491个胚胎移植周期(其中6832个周期为新鲜胚胎移植周期,5659个周期为冻融胚胎移植周期)的临床资料,对影响妊娠结局的因素进行单因素和多因素分析.结果 新鲜胚胎移植周期临床妊娠率为32.99%(2254/6832),活产率为25.75%(1394/5413),早期流产率为9.36%(211/2254),围产儿出生缺陷率为1.45%(25/1722).年轻(20～24岁)患者新鲜胚胎移植周期临床妊娠率高达42.25%(60/142).单纯男方因素不孕患者的临床妊娠率(40.10%,476/1187)明显高于单纯女性因素不孕患者(31.55%,1168/3702)和双方因素不孕患者(31.39%,610/1943);首次接受IVF-ET治疗者的临床妊娠率(34.63%,1831/5287)高于多次接受IVF-ET治疗者;常用的4种IVF-ET超促排卵(COH)治疗方案中,接受促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)超长方案和长方案治疗者临床妊娠率分别为51.72%(30/58)和36.88%(489/1326),明显高于GnRH-a短方案(32.05%,1703/5313)和促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂(GnRH-ant)方案(22.12%,23/104),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).多因素logistic分析证实,年龄、获卵数和COH治疗周期数对IVF-ET治疗后妊娠结局的影响有统计学意义,而年龄是最主要的影响因素.治疗过程中,中重度卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)的发生率为3.68%(321/8720),异位妊娠率为6.12%(138/2254),早期流产率为9.36%(211/2254).冻融胚胎移植周期临床妊娠率(38.08%,2155/5659),高于新鲜胚胎移植周期(32.99%,2254/6832),两者比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);多胎妊娠率为27.70%(597/2155),早期流产率为8.96%(193/2155),异位妊娠率为2.23%(48/2155).结论 IVF-ET用于不孕症治疗,临床妊娠率和活产率高,是一种安全、有效的助孕治疗方法;年龄、卵巢反应性是影响治疗结局的主要因素;冻融胚胎移植周期临床妊娠率与新鲜胚胎移植周期比较,无明显差异,并可有效提高单次促排卵周期的累计妊娠率.     

行体外受精-胚胎移植的40岁以上妇女妊娠结局分析

目的 探讨行体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)40岁以上妇女的结局及其影响因素.方法 采用回顾性分析方法,收集2001年3月至2006年3月于广东省妇幼保健院行IVF-ET治疗不孕症的40岁以上妇女82例,共93个周期,从中找出不同年龄妇女进行IVF-ET的临床结局及其影响因素.结果 82例患者共行93个超促排卵周期,其中取消周期11个,取消率11.83%;行新鲜胚胎移植74个周期,临床妊娠率25.68%,着床率10.87%,流产率36.4%;40岁、41岁、42岁、43岁及以上组临床妊娠率分别为32.14%、36.36%、25.00%和0;前3组的流产率分别为44.44%、25.00%和50.00%;与短方案组比较,长方案组促性腺激素(Gn)刺激时间、用量明显增多,获胚胎数和移植胚胎数更多(P＜0.05),但两组临床妊娠率、着床率和流产率差异并无显著意义;42岁及以下妇女当获卵数超过4个,妊娠率明显增加.结论 40岁以上妇女行IVF-ET妊娠率和着床率均明显降低,并且流产率升高.对于40岁以上妇女,一定数量的卵子可能提高IVF成功率.     

不同促排卵方案在多囊卵巢综合征患者IVF-ET治疗中的应用分析

目的:探讨GnRH激动剂(GnRH-a)长方案(Ⅰ组,58周期)、GnRH-a短方案(Ⅱ组,52周期)、GnRH拮抗剂(GnRH-A)方案(Ⅲ组,41周期)3组对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者行体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)治疗的临床结局,寻求更适宜PCOS患者的促排卵治疗方案。方法:回顾性分析2008年1月~2010年6月行IVF-ET的PCOS患者151周期,根据所采取的不同促排卵方案分成3组,比较各组患者基本特征、Gn用药天数、Gn量、HCG日LH、P、E2水平、获卵数、受精率、优质胚胎率、妊娠率、周期取消率、OHSS发生率等。结果:3组患者基本特征差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Gn用药天数和Gn量Ⅲ组均显著低于其他两组(P<0.05);3组HCG日LH、P、E2水平、获卵数、受精率、优质胚胎率、流产率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Ⅲ组妊娠率最高(P<0.05);周期取消率Ⅲ、Ⅱ组与Ⅰ组相比显著降低(P<0.05),OHSS发生率Ⅲ组明显低于Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。结论:对于行IVF-ET的PCOS患者使用GnRH-A方案有效减少了Gn的用量和天数,提高了妊娠率,降低了周期取消率和OHSS发生率,减轻了患者的经济和心理负担,是PCOS患者行IVF-ET较为适宜的促排卵方案。     

中重型子宫内膜异位症合并不孕用两种控制性超促排卵方案行体外受精-胚胎移植结局的比较

目的:比较中重型子宫内膜异位症合并不孕患者用两种控制性超促排卵方案行体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)的结局。方法:将2003年1月至2008年1月以超长方案行IVF-ET的中重型子宫内膜异位症不孕患者52例为研究组,按1:2配对选择同期用长方案患者104例为对照组。比较两组患者周期取消率、Gn起始剂量、Gn总量、获卵数、子宫内膜厚度、受精率、妊娠率、种植率、异位妊娠率及流产率。结果:两组周期取消率、获卵数、受精率、子宫内膜厚度、流产率及异位妊娠率均无显著差异(P>0.05);研究组Gn起始剂量及Gn总量均高于对照组,有显著差异(P<0.05);研究组妊娠率及种植率高于对照组,但无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:中重型子宫内膜异位症合并不孕患者行IVF-ET时,用超长方案比用长方案会增加Gn起始剂量及总量,且有提高妊娠率及种植率的趋势。     

来曲唑微刺激方案和短方案对卵巢低反应助孕的临床研究

目的:探讨卵巢低反应助孕患者在进行体外受精/卵细胞浆内单精子注射-胚胎移植(IVF/ICSI-ET)治疗中来曲唑(LE)微刺激方案和短方案的应用.方法:回顾性分析进行IVF/ICSI-ET治疗的卵巢低反应患者共206个周期.按治疗方案分短方案组(97周期)和微刺激组(109周期),分别比较两组患者的一般情况、促排卵情况及妊娠结局等.结果:短方案组的促性腺激素(Gn)用量、Gn刺激天数、HCG注射日雌激素(E2)值、≥16 mm卵泡数等均高于微刺激组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).而两组成熟率、正常受精率、卵裂率、周期取消率、生化妊娠率及临床妊娠率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但微刺激组的优质胚胎率显著高于短方案组(P＜0.01).结论:来曲唑微刺激方案是卵巢反应低下患者较理想的促排卵方案.     

两种超促排卵方案对卵巢低反应患者IVF-ET助孕治疗的疗效比较

目的:比较PPOS方案与拮抗剂方案对卵巢低反应患者行IVF-ET助孕治疗的临床效果,探讨两种超促排卵方案在卵巢低反应(POR)患者中的疗效差异。方法:回顾分析2014年5年至2018年5月在解放军总医院第六医学中心辅助生殖医学中心行IVF-ET助孕治疗的POR患者的临床资料,根据促排卵方案不同分为PPOS组(实验组,48个周期)和拮抗剂组(对照组,67个周期)。比较两组患者的基本情况、助孕效果及妊娠结局。结果:两组患者的基本情况、基础激素水平、HCG日激素水平(FSH、P、E_2)、HCG日≥10mm卵泡数、获卵数、正常受精数、Day3优胚数、可用胚胎数、妊娠率、临床妊娠率、流产率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。PPOS组的HCG日血清LH水平明显低于拮抗剂组,差异有统计学意义[(2.88±2.56)mIU/ml vs (4.51±4.26)mIU/ml,P0.05];PPOS组Gn用药总量、用药天数均多于拮抗剂组,差异有统计学意义[(2210.42±766.88)IU vs (1747.01±764.98)IU;(10.88±3.21)d vs (9.12±3.14)d,P0.05]。PPOS方案组的获卵率、正常受精率、Day3优胚率、妊娠率、临床妊娠率与拮抗剂方案组相比无统计学差异,但总体上,均为PPOS组更理想(81.8%vs 71.1%、61.2%vs 58.2%、74.3%vs 73.2%、29.6%vs 16.3%、18.5%vs 10.5%)。PPOS组的周期取消率(14.58%)低于拮抗剂方案组(34.33%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:PPOS方案能更有效控制早发LH峰,使周期取消率更低,降低了治疗费用,有较好的临床价值。     

自然周期与促排卵周期供精人工授精妊娠结局的比较

目的:探讨供精人工授精(AID)应用自然周期的妊娠结局。方法:回顾性分析1 100个AID周期的临床资料,其中自然周期736个,促排卵周期364个,比较两者的妊娠率和早期流产率及多胎率。结果:①自然周期妊娠率为24.45%(180/736),与促排卵周期妊娠率为23.9%(87/364),两者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);②自然周期早期流产率为9.4%(17/180),而促排卵周期早期流产率为19.54%(17/87),显著高于自然周期,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);③促排卵周期多胎率为13.8%(12/87)。结论:促排卵周期与自然周期供精人工授精的妊娠率相当,但其早期流产率和多胎率较自然周期明显升高。     

3种促排卵方案对子宫内膜异位症患者妊娠结局的影响分析

目的:探讨不同促排卵方案对行体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)的子宫内膜异位症(EMs)患者妊娠结局的影响。方法:回顾分析2013年1月至2014年12月在山东中医药大学第二附属医院生殖医学中心因Ⅲ~Ⅳ期EMs行IVF-ET共126个周期的临床资料。根据超促排卵方案不同分为超长方案组(A组)、长方案组(B组)和短方案组(C组),比较3组患者的一般情况和妊娠结局。结果:3组患者的年龄、不孕年限、距手术时间、体重指数、基础FSH和基础E2相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。短方案组的促性腺激素(Gn)用量、获卵数和MⅡ卵数均低于超长方案组和长方案组(P0.05)。3组的受精率、优胚率、临床妊娠率和流产率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。超长方案组、长方案组和短方案组的妊娠率分别为43.3%、39.7%和28.9%。结论:Ⅲ~Ⅳ期EMs患者行IVF-ET时选择超长方案促排卵能获得较高的妊娠率。     

超短方案在卵巢低反应患者中的应用

目的:探讨体外受精-胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer,IVF-ET)周期中,超短方案在卵巢低反应患者(poor ovarian responders,PORs)中的应用。方法:回顾性分析342例PORs的401个IVF周期,根据促排卵方案不同分为超短方案组(A组,254例,291个周期)和微刺激方案组(B组,88例,110个周期)。比较A、B组的一般资料、妊娠结局以及周期取消率等指标,分析A、B组周期取消原因。结果:临床妊娠率/移植周期、种植率和流产率组间均无统计学差异(P>0.05),但A组累积妊娠率显著高于B组(25.1%vs 14.5%,P<0.05),周期取消率显著低于B组(17.5%vs 44.5%,P<0.05)。周期取消原因分析表明,微刺激组因内膜因素取消移植的比例显著高于超短方案组(22.4%vs 7.8%,P<0.05)。结论:在PORs中,超短方案周期取消率低,患者心理压力小,整个疗程耗时短。因此超短方案也是PORs可以选择的、较理想的促排卵方案。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者体外受精-胚胎移植后的妊娠结局

目的 分析多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)后的妊娠结局,及不同表型PCOS患者妊娠结局的差异.方法 选取2005年1月至2010年2月在山东大学附属省立医院生殖医学中心行IVF-ET治疗的PCOS患者631例(PCOS组),按照年龄与孕前体质指数( BMI)配对选择输卵管性不孕患者1423例作为对照组.对两组患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,比较两组患者IVF-ET治疗后的流产率和单胎妊娠结局.结果 PCOS组和对照组患者IVF-ET后流产率分别为22.7％(143/631)和18.69％(266/1423),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).PCOS组和对照组孕单胎例数分别为339例和794例,两组单胎妊娠结局为:PCOS组和对照组早产率分别为11.2％(38/339)和6.4％( 51/794),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);妊娠期糖尿病发生率分别为1.5％(5/339)和0.6％ (5/794)、妊娠期高血压疾病发生率分别为4.7％( 16/339)和3.0％( 24/794)、妊娠天数分别为(272±13)d和(273±10)d、新生儿畸形率分别为0.6％(2/339)和0.8％ (6/794)、足月新生儿出生体质量均为(3.5±0.5) kg,以上各项两组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).PCOS组中规律排卵患者流产率及单胎早产率分别为18.6％(19/102)和8.2％(4/49),与对照组分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05);稀发排卵患者流产率及单胎早产率分别为23.4％( 124/529)和11.7％ (34/290),与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 PCOS患者行IVF-ET治疗后流产率、早产率增加,但PCOS患者中规律排卵型患者各种并发症发生率未升高.     

Comparison of recombinant and urinary follicle-stimulating hormone preparations in short-term gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist protocol for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficiency and efficacy of two recombinant human FSH (r-FSH) and urinary (u-FSH) preparations in patients undergoing superovulation for IVF-ET using a short-term gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) (Triptorelin) protocol. METHODS: A total of 88 women undergoing IVF-ET were included in this prospective study. They were randomized to receive u-FSH (150 IU/d), follitropin-alpha (100 IU/d), or follitropin-beta (100 IU/d) for 2 days, and dosages were subsequently adjusted according to the ovarian response. RESULTS: The FSH dose required for the overall stimulation was significantly lower in patients treated with r-FSH than in those treated with u-FSH while serum FSH values were higher in the latter group. There were no statistically significant differences in ovarian response and IVF outcome between r-FSH preparations. CONCLUSIONS: Recombinant FSH preparations have a higher efficiency than urinary ones in patients undergoing IVF-ET using a short-term GnRH-a protocol. In this situation, the two recombinant follitropins have comparable effectiveness.     

CLINICAL ASSISTED REPRODUCTION: Comparison of Recombinant and Urinary Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Preparations in Short-Term Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonist Protocol for In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer

Purpose: To compare the efficiency and efficacy of two recombinant human FSH (r-FSH) and urinary (u-FSH) preparations in patients undergoing superovulation for IVF-ET using a short-term gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) (Triptorelin) protocol.Methods: A total of 88 women undergoing IVF-ET were included in this prospective study. They were randomized to receive u-FSH (150 IU/d), follitropin- (100 IU/d), or follitropin- (100 IU/d) for 2 days, and dosages were subsequently adjusted according to the ovarian response.Results: The FSH dose required for the overall stimulation was significantly lower in patients treated with r-FSH than in those treated with u-FSH while serum FSH values were higher in the latter group. There were no statistically significant differences in ovarian response and IVF outcome between r-FSH preparations.Conclusions: Recombinant FSH preparations have a higher efficiency than urinary ones in patients undergoing IVF-ET using a short-term GnRH-a protocol. In this situation, the two recombinant follitropins have comparable effectiveness.     

Comparison of stimulation with clomiphene citrate in combination with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone and recombinant luteinizing hormone to stimulation with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist protocol: a prospective,randomized study

OBJECTIVE: To compare IVF-ET outcome with a new stimulation protocol using clomiphene citrate (CC) with recombinant FSH and LH to stimulation with the standard long GnRH-a protocol. DESIGN: Prospective randomized study. SETTING: Outpatient infertility clinic in Vienna, Austria. PATIENT(S): Two hundred ninety-four infertile women undergoing IVF-ET; 154 IVF cycles stimulated with CC + recombinant FSH + recombinant LH (group A) and 140 cycles with long GnRH-a suppression + recombinant FSH (group B). INTERVENTION(S): Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, egg retrieval, and ET. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Cycle parameters (number of oocytes, fertilization, number of embryos) and outcome (pregnancy rate, cancellation rate, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome [OHSS]). RESULT(S): Pregnancy rate per ET was 42.9% (implantation rate, 21.3%) in group A and 36.6% (17.4%) in group B. Cancellation rates were similar. The OHSS occurred in four cases (3%) in group A and 12 cases (10%) in group B. CONCLUSION(S): Stimulation with CC + recombinant FSH + recombinant LH leads to comparable pregnancy rates vs. the long protocol. With this new stimulation, less gonadotropins are used and there is less need for monitoring (lower cost for patient and clinic). The risk of OHSS is reduced as well. Therefore, this protocol should be regarded as the first-line treatment.     

Cessation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRH-a) upon down-regulation versus conventional long GnRH-a protocol in poor responders undergoing in vitro fertilization.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) regimen that involves GnRH agonist (GnRH-a) discontinuation before administration of gonadotropins would benefit poor responders. DESIGN: A prospective, randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Hospital-based IVF Unit. PATIENT(S): Sixty-three patients with previous poor response to COH and/or high basal FSH level (> or =9 mIU/mL) undergoing 78 IVF-ET cycles. INTERVENTION(S): In both groups, administration of GnRH-a was started in the midluteal phase. Whereas in the study group (40 cycles), it ended before administration of gonadotropins, in controls (38 cycles) GnRH-a treatment was continued throughout the follicular phase. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Ovarian stimulation patterns and IVF outcome. RESULT(S): A significantly higher cancellation rate was noted in the study group than in the controls (22.5% versus 5%, respectively). The new and control regimens resulted in similar stimulation characteristics and clinical pregnancy rates (11% versus 10.3%, respectively). In 13 patients with a basal FSH level that was not persistently high, the new regimen resulted in a significantly higher number of retrieved oocytes compared with the standard protocol (7.6+/-1.03 versus 4.0+/-0.68, respectively). CONCLUSION(S): Whereas for most low responders, the new COH regimen offers no further advantage, future prospective studies may demonstrate whether it can confer a benefit for a subset of patients with a basal FSH level that is not persistently high.     

The routine use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists prior to in vitro fertilization and gamete intrafallopian transfer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH-a) used in ovulation induction for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). DESIGN: Meta-analysis of 10 trials comparing treatment cycle outcomes after GnRH-a (n = 914) with other ovulation induction protocols (n = 722) and 7 trials comparing outcomes after short flare-up (n = 368) with longer suppression (n = 476) GnRH-a protocols. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcome of primary interest was clinical pregnancy rate (PR) per treatment cycle commenced. Data describing the amount of gonadotropin used, cycle cancellation rate, clinical pregnancy per ET, and multiple pregnancy and abortion rates were also analyzed. RESULTS: Clinical PR per cycle commenced was significantly improved after GnRH-a use for IVF (common odds ratio [OR] 1.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33 to 2.44) and GIFT (common OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.24 to 4.51). Clinical PR per embryo transfer was also significantly improved with GnRH-a use (common OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.95). Cycle cancellation was decreased (common OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.44), whereas spontaneous abortion rate was similar with and without GnRH-a use. Cycle cancellation and PRs after short flare-up and longer suppression protocols were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis supports the routine use of GnRH-a for IVF and GIFT. Further research is needed, however, to assess the potential for increased rates of multiple pregnancy and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, which may be associated with this treatment.     

卵巢慢反应患者控制性超促排卵相关因素分析:一项多中心回顾性研究

目的探讨控制性超促排卵(COH)过程中发生卵巢慢反应可能的相关因素。方法回顾性分析2014年1月—2016年1月期间于兰州大学第一医院、新疆佳音医院、青海省人民医院、银川市妇幼保健院、广西玉林市妇幼保健院进行促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)长方案体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)的144例卵巢慢反应患者的临床资料,与132例卵巢正常反应患者(正常对照组)进行对比。结果与正常对照组相比,慢反应组患者体质量指数(BMI)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)较高,降调节及促排卵时间较长,促性腺激素(Gn)使用后7d平均卵泡直径偏小,雌二醇(E_2)、黄体生成素(LH)低,hCG注射日E_2低,IVF双原核(2PN)卵裂率较高,临床妊娠率低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。患者年龄、不孕年限、基础卵泡刺激素(FSH)、LH、催乳素(PRL)、E_2、基础卵泡数、hCG注射日孕酮(P)、获卵率、胚胎质量、胚胎种植率、流产率、宫外孕率、继续妊娠率及取消移植率组间均无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论卵巢慢反应可能与患者BMI过高、甲状腺功能降低及GnRH-a过度抑制相关,较长的Gn天数仍可使慢反应患者获得较好的妊娠结局。     

A prospective randomized comparison of luteal phase versus concurrent follicular phase initiation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist for in vitro fertilization.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) initiation either preceding or concurrent with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). DESIGN: Fifty-five patients were prospectively randomized to receive either GnRH-a on cycle day 21 before COH until ovarian suppression was achieved (group I) or GnRH-a concurrently with COH commencing on cycle day 3 (group II). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum gonadotropin and ovarian steroid hormone levels, as well as fertilization, spontaneous abortion, and live birth rates. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients in group I and 29 patients in group II underwent COH for IVF-ET. Patients in group II had significantly higher serum luteinizing hormone, progesterone, and testosterone levels during stimulation with human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG) before oocyte retrieval (P < 0.05). Despite similar fertilization, biochemical, and clinical pregnancy rates, the spontaneous abortion rate was higher in group II (5/6) compared with group I (1/7) (P < 0.05). Thus, the live birth rate/retrieval for group I was 6 of 24 (25%) as compared with that of group II, which was 1 of 26 (3.8%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The initiation of GnRH-a in the follicular phase concurrently with hMG is associated with evidence of premature luteinization, hyperandrogenemia, and poorer pregnancy outcome compared with luteal phase administration of GnRH-a before hMG for IVF-ET.     

A study of the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation using GnRH agonist and pure FSH in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer and gamete intrafallopian transfer program

The present study was undertaken to examine controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) during an IVF-ET/GIFT program with GnRH agonist (GnRH-a) and pure FSH and with the conventional method. Pituitary desensitization was induced with a subcutaneous injection of GnRH agonist (leuprolide acetate) in 20 patients undergoing COH for oocyte recovery. These 20 patients had previously dropped out of our IVF-ET/GIFT program because of a low estradiol response or premature LH surge. Comparisons were made among the menstrual cycles of 20 drop-out patients, the same patients' cycles after GnRH-a and pure FSH administration (GnRH-a group), and the cycles of 20 non-drop-out patients (control group). After treatment with GnRH-a and pure FSH, Estradiol levels were increased (GnRH-a cycles:previous cycles, 1,520 +/- 416 pg/ml:416 +/- 209.1 pg/ml), while the premature LH surge was decreased (GnRH-a cycles:previous cycles, 2:12). Moreover, the number of follicles at the day of hCG injection was increased (GnRH-a group: control group, 4.6 +/- 1.3:3.4 +/- 1.5). However, the fertilization rates for the GnRH-a group and the control group did not differ markedly, though the pregnancy rate was increased slightly in the former (GnRH-a group:control group, 25%:15%). In conclusion, it was seen that COH using GnRH-a and pure FSH contributed to a better ovarian response and suppression of LH surge in patients who had previously dropped out of the IVF-ET/GIFT program using conventional ovarian stimulation.     

Prospective randomized study of human menotropin versus a follicular and a luteal phase gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog-human menotropin stimulation protocols for in vitro fertilization

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRH-a) initiated either in the luteal phase or in the early follicular phase immediately preceding menotropin will improve the fertilization, implantation, and pregnancy rates (PR) in all IVF patients, when compared with menotropins alone. DESIGN: In a prospective, controlled, randomized study we compared a pure follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) protocol (group A = control) (n = 93 cycles) to two protocols in which GnRH-a pretreatment plus pure FSH and/or hMG was used in in vitro fertilization candidates. In group B (n = 64) GnRH-a was initiated during the luteal phase and in group C (n = 35) during the follicular phase. RESULTS: We found (1) no differences in fertilization and implantation rates between the three protocols; (2) similar pregnancy rates per transfer when similar number of conceptus were transferred (A = 30%, B = 22%, C = 21%); (3) an increase of the number of oocytes obtained; and (4) a reduction in the cancellation rate with both GnRH-a protocols. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that there is no obvious superiority between the two GnRH-a protocols in the dosage schedule used and that the major advantage of GnRH-a over non-GnRH-a protocols is in decreasing the cancellation rate and increasing the number of oocytes and conceptus obtained. The follicular phase GnRH-a protocol required less hMG-pure FSH than the luteal phase GnRH-a protocol.     

改良超长方案中促排卵时不同时期添加高纯度尿促性素对助孕结局的影响

目的 探讨促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)改良超长方案促排卵中高纯度尿促性素(HPhMG)不同添加时机和剂量对助孕结局的影响。方法 回顾性分析本中心首次行体外受精/卵胞质内单精子注射-胚胎移植(IVF/ICSI-ET)中采用改良超长方案并添加使用了HP-hMG的454例患者的临床资料,根据添加HP-hMG的时机分为全程添加组(A组)和后半期添加组(B组)。A组:Gn启动日血清黄体生成素(LH)1.2 IU/L的患者在重组卵泡刺激素(r-FSH)促排卵的第1日同时添加HP-hMG至hCG注射日;B组:Gn启动日血清LH≥1.2 IU/L的患者r-FSH促排卵的第6日开始添加HP-hMG至hCG注射日。对不同年龄阶段患者(≤35岁和36~40岁)进行分析,观察Gn使用总量和使用时间、hCG注射日激素水平、获卵情况、胚胎质量、着床率、临床妊娠率、活产率、流产率和中重度卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)风险等临床结果。结果 ≤35岁的患者中A组相比B组,虽然Gn使用总量有所增加,但hCG注射日孕酮(P)水平降低,IVF受精率明显增高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);着床率分别为58.2%和42.4%,临床妊娠率分别为80.1%和61.7%,活产率分别为68.9%和49.5%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。36~40岁的患者中,A组与B组的临床妊娠率分别为61.9%和26.3%,活产率分别为47.6%和15.8%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。A、B两组在不同年龄段的流产率和中重度OHSS发生率相似。结论 改良超长方案中患者全程添加HP-hMG较后半期添加能降低hCG注射日P水平,显著提高着床率、临床妊娠率和活产率。