逆行交锁髓内钉联合单侧骨皮质钢板固定治疗股骨髁上骨不连

目的探讨逆行交锁髓内钉联合单侧骨皮质钢板固定治疗股骨髁上骨不连的临床疗效和特点。方法对15例股骨髁上骨不连,均采用逆行交锁髓内钉联合单侧骨皮质钢板固定加自体髂骨植骨治疗,其中6例伴有膝关节僵硬者同时行膝关节松解术。结果15例获12～36个月随访,平均15个月。4～7个月内均获骨性愈合,膝关节僵硬获得明显改善。结论应用逆行交锁髓内钉联合单侧骨皮质钢板固定后骨折端可获得坚强内固定及压应力,手术操作简便、安全,可早期进行膝关节和股四头肌功能锻炼,是一种治疗股骨髁上骨不连的有效方法。     

交锁髓内钉在治疗股骨干缺损性骨不连中的应用

目的 分析股骨干缺损性骨不连的原因，探讨交锁髓内钉植骨固定治疗股骨干缺损性骨不连短肢畸形的优缺点。方法 采用交锁髓内钉固定，自体髂骨充填骨缺损区的术式治疗股骨干骨不连短肢畸形12例，病例随访平均20个月。结果 12例全部一期愈合，平均愈合时间22个月。肢体延长平均3．2cm。无主钉、锁钉弯曲、折断等内固定失败。结论 股骨干缺损性骨不连的主要原因是骨折固定不牢固造成骨吸收所致。交锁髓内钉植骨固定合理可靠，是治疗股骨干缺损性骨不连短肢畸形的较理想方法，但骨愈合缓慢。植骨应避免遗留骨缺损，负重时间应向后推迟。     

锁定钢板内固定并植骨治疗交锁髓内钉术后骨不愈合

目的探讨锁定钢板结合植骨治疗交锁髓内钉固定后骨折不愈合的方法与疗效。方法我院自2008年5月至2009年5月对5例交锁髓内钉固定后不愈合患者采用骨折不愈合处小切口,清除骨折端填塞的纤维肉芽组织,保留交锁髓内钉,进行锁定钢板经切口插入固定。骨折远近端至少各用3枚螺钉半皮质固定,固定后骨折端稳定,并取自体髂骨植于骨折端。结果 5例患者均获随访,随访时间12～24个月,平均19个月。骨折全部愈合,愈合时间7～12个月,平均9个月。3例分别于术后14、18、20个月取出交锁髓内钉和锁定钢板。结论锁定钢板内固定结合植骨治疗交锁髓内钉固定后骨折不愈合,具有手术操作创伤小、局部血运破坏少、骨折固定稳定及骨折愈合快的优点,是一种简单有效的治疗方法。     

36例长骨骨不连骨缺损的综合治疗

目的：探讨四肢长管状骨骨不连、骨缺损的治疗方法。方法：36例骨不连、骨缺损病人采用交锁髓内钉内固定，取自体髂骨植骨及术后经皮注射金葡液等综合治疗。结果：36例术后X线片显示，1个月骨折端周围出现骨痂，3个月有连续骨痂形成，6个月骨折愈合。无内固定物断裂、弯曲和松动，关节活动基本正常。结论：交锁髓内钉内固定、自体髂骨植骨及术后经皮注射金葡液综合治疗骨不连骨缺损，能提供坚强内固定，促进成骨活动，加快骨折愈合，是治疗长骨骨不连骨缺损的较好方法。     

胫骨骨折术后骨不连治疗方法的疗效比较

[目的]探讨带锁髓内钉固定后胫骨骨折骨不连治疗方法的选择和疗效。[方法]348例带锁髓内钉固定胫骨骨折中发生骨不连36例。采用冲击波治疗lO例；髓内钉动力化8例；髓内钉动力化加自体植骨6例；单纯自体植骨5例；改钢板固定加自体植骨3例；肥大型骨不连更换髓内钉4例。[结果]所有病例平均随访28个月。6个月内再手术者较6个月后再手术者愈合时间明显缩短（P〈0.05）。冲击波治疗10例中1例不愈合，经2次冲击波治疗后愈合。髓内钉动力化8例中2例不愈合，经冲击波治疗后愈合，其中2例发生骨缩短；髓内钉动力化加自体植骨6例均愈合；单纯自体植骨5例中2例8个月未愈合，更换髓内钉加自体植骨后愈合；改钢板固定加自体植骨3例均愈合；肥大型骨不连更换髓内钉4例均愈合。【结论】早期治疗带锁髓内钉固定后胫骨骨折骨不连效果肯定。髓内钉动力化可促进骨愈合，但有引起骨缩短的可能；更换髓内钉或钢板加自体植骨治疗骨不连效果满意；冲击波有促进骨不连愈合的作用。     

扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨萎缩性骨不连

[目的] 探讨胫骨萎缩性骨不连的原因及扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨萎缩性骨不连的效果。[方法] 对26例胫骨萎缩性骨不连的病例采用扩大髓腔的交锁髓内钉内固定。[结果] 经6个月～2年的随访，骨折全部愈合，关节功能明显改善。[结论] 扩大 髓腔的交锁髓内钉内固定是治疗胫骨萎缩性骨不连的理想方法。     

锁定加压钢板单骨皮质固定治疗长骨骨折髓内钉术后骨不连

目的 探讨应用锁定加压钢板(LCP)单骨皮质固定治疗长骨骨折交锁髓内钉同定术后骨不连的方法及疗效.方法 2004年7月至2007年3月,对8例股骨或胫骨骨折交锁髓内钉固定术后确诊为骨不连的患者,不取髓内钉,应用LCP穿透一侧骨皮质同定、断端切新并取自体骼骨植骨治疗,病程12.28个月,平均19.8个月.术后7 d开始部分负重,6个月后完全负重.结果 8例患者术后获8～20个月(平均14个月)随访.骨折断端术后6个月出现明显骨痂,8～16个月牢同连接,平均愈合时间12.6个月,无置入物松动等并发症发生.结论 对于交锁髓内钉固定后骨不连时间较长的患者,采用LCP穿单侧骨皮质固定、断端切新并取自体髂骨植骨治疗,具有方法简便、损伤小、花费少、疗效确实等优点.     

交锁髓内钉结合侧方锁定接骨板治疗股骨干非感染性骨不连

[目的]分析交锁髓内钉结合侧方锁定接骨板治疗股骨干非感染性骨不连的临床效果。[方法]回顾性分析2011年1月～2018年3月,采用交锁髓内钉结合侧方锁定接骨板治疗的29例股骨干非感染性骨不连患者。术后1、3、6、12个月及以后每年复查,通过影像学检查结果分析骨折愈合情况,并指导患肢功能康复锻炼。[结果]术后随访12～48个月,平均(28.23±7.32)个月,29例患者术后4～12个月均骨性愈合,X线片示骨痴连续性生长过骨折线或骨折线消失。伤口未出现感染,末次随访,膝关节活动良好,优良率达100.00%。[结论]交锁髓内钉结合侧方锁定接骨板治疗股骨非感染性骨不连具有固定可靠、稳定性好的优点,有利于肢体、关节的早期功能锻炼,可获良好的临床效果。     

微创植骨结合髓内钉动力化治疗骨延迟愈合、骨不连

[目的]探讨微创取骨、精准植骨结合髓内钉动力化治疗交锁髓内钉固定后骨延迟愈合、骨不连的临床疗效。[方法] 2009年1月～2017年10月,采用微创自体髂骨取骨、精准植骨结合髓内钉动力化治疗交锁髓内钉固定后股骨干骨折骨延迟愈合、不愈合患者21例,观察切口长度、切口愈合情况、术后并发症及随访观察骨折愈合及膝关节功能情况。[结果]切口长1～2 cm,术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。20例获得随访,随访时间12～24个月,平均(16.83±4.24)个月。其中18例最终获得影像学上的骨性愈合,愈合率为90.00%(18例/20例),无明显并发症发生。所有患者均获得良好的膝关节功能(屈曲均100°,伸直0°)。[结论]微创自体髂骨取骨、精准植骨结合髓内钉动力化是治疗骨延迟愈合、骨不连的有效方法,具有创伤小、并发症少,经济实用等优点。     

带锁髓内钉内固定加经皮注射红骨髓治疗肱骨骨不连

目的 探讨采用Ｒｕｓｓｅｌｌ－Ｔａｙｌｏｒ扩髓型带锁髓内钉顺得内固定与植骨、术后注射红骨髓治疗肱骨骨不连。方法 肱骨骨不连患者２５例,以往平均手术次数２次,骨折后时间１０个月～４年,平均１年１０个月。用带锁髓内钉顺行静力型固定骨折端,取自体髂骨植骨缺损。术后１０ｄ于骨折区注射自体红骨髓。术后早期功能锻炼。平均随访时间１６个月。结果 所有病例均达到骨性愈合,平均愈合时间４．５个月,关节功能恢复很好。     

跖骨感染骨外露的显微外科治疗

[目的]回顾总结跖骨骨感染骨外露的显微外科治疗方法。[方法]自1995年～2005年采用显微外科技术治疗214例跖骨骨外露骨感染患者。[结果]全部病例获得随访1～10年，平均随访3年，14例游离植皮术后皮肤成活良好，199例术后皮瓣全部成活，1例腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣移位修复术出现远端部分皮肤坏死，后经换药处理后，伤口自然愈合。皮瓣移植术后质地良好，无溃疡复发。患足均可负重走路。[结论]应用显微外科技术治疗跖骨骨感染骨外露可获得较好的疗效。     

Assessment of bone density and bone loss

Osteoporosis International - Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry has become the standard for the evaluation of osteoporosis. It is useful both for identifying those people who are going to be at risk...     

骨胶原与骨质疏松骨密度及骨生物力学的相关性研究

目的探讨骨胶原含量在绝经后骨质疏松症的发生、发展及在骨质疏松性骨折中的作用。方法取7个月龄未交配雌性SD大鼠60只，随机分为四组，A组：对照组（sham组）；B组：切除卵巢组；C组：切除卵巢＋雌激素治疗组；D组：切除卵巢＋降钙素治疗组。除A组外，其他三组通过切除双侧卵巢法12周后制成骨质疏松模型，24周后分别行k的力学特性、右侧股骨三点弯曲试验、羟脯氨酸含量、k骨密度（BMD）测定，Masson三色染色法显示骨胶原形态。结果A、C、D组与B组在k羟脯氨酸含量、BMD、k压缩力学参数值、右侧股骨生物力学参数值、骨胶原染色含量及形态方面差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），而A、C、D组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。统计学分析显示羟脯氨酸含量与BMD及骨生物力学参数值呈直线相关性。结论骨质疏松的发生与骨胶原含量下降有关。骨胶原含量的下降与BMD降低及骨生物力学改变呈相关性。应用雌激素和降钙素治疗去势后骨质疏松大鼠，不仅可以提高其BMD含量和骨生物力学性能，而且还可以提高骨胶原的含量。     

Repair of long bone defects with demineralized bone matrix and autogenous bone composite

Background:

Repair of diaphyseal bone defects is a challenging problem for orthopedic surgeons. In large bone defects the quantity of harvested autogenous bone may not be sufficient to fill the gap and then the use of synthetic or allogenic grafts along with autogenous bone becomes mandatory to achieve compact filling. Finding the optimal graft mixture for treatment of large diaphyseal defects is an important goal in contemporary orthopedics and this was the main focus of this study. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and autogenous cancellous bone (ACB) graft composite in a rabbit bilateral ulna segmental defect model.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-seven adult female rabbits were divided into five groups. A two-centimeter piece of long bone on the midshaft of the ulna was osteotomized and removed from the rabbits’ forearms. In group 1 (n=7) the defects were treated with ACB, in group 2 (n=7) with DBM, and in group 3 (n=7) with ACB and DBM in the ratio of 1:1. Groups 4 and 5, with three rabbits in each group, were the negative and positive controls, respectively. Twelve weeks after implantation the rabbits were sacrificed and union was evaluated with radiograph (Faxitron), dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and histological methods (decalcified sectioning).

Results:

Union rates and the volume of new bone in the different groups were as follows: group 1 - 92.8% union and 78.6% new bone; group 2 - 72.2% union and 63.6% new bone; and group 3 - 100% union and 100% new bone. DEXA results (bone mineral density [BMD]) were as follows: group 1 - 0.164 g/cm², group 2 - 0.138 g/cm², and group 3 - 0.194 g/cm².

Conclusions:

DBM serves as a graft extender or enhancer for autogenous graft and decreases the need of autogenous bone graft in the treatment of bone defects. In this study, the DBM and ACB composite facilitated the healing process. The union rate was better with the combination than with the use of any one of these grafts alone.     

Treatment of aneurysmal bone cysts by introduction of demineralized bone and autogenous bone marrow

BACKGROUND: On the assumption that an aneurysmal bone cyst has an intrinsic potential to heal by ossification, a new, minimally invasive protocol was developed. Demineralized bone powder mixed with bone-marrow aspirate was introduced into the cyst to halt the expansion phase and to allow the cyst to ossify. We hypothesized that, in order to induce bone-healing, cells from the cyst are needed to respond to the inductive material but that curettage or extensive surgery is not necessary. The goals of the present study were to assess cyst-healing and to determine the prevalence of recurrence associated with this new procedure. METHODS: Thirteen biopsy-proven primary aneurysmal bone cysts were entered through a small incision, and a paste of demineralized bone and autologous bone marrow was introduced with an applicator. The study group included three male and ten female patients with a mean age of 16.6 years. The cyst was located in a long bone in six patients, the pelvis in five patients, and the scapular glenoid and the calcaneus in one patient each. Five patients had not received treatment previously, whereas one had had a preoperative embolization and seven had recurrent lesions that had been treated previously. RESULTS: After a mean duration of follow-up of 3.9 years, healing was achieved in eleven patients. CONCLUSIONS: This minimally invasive method is able to promote the self-healing of a primary aneurysmal bone cyst. As no curettage is required, the proposed treatment avoids extensive surgery and blood loss and is convenient for the treatment of poorly accessible lesions such as those occurring in the pelvis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV.     

Spinal fusions: bone and bone substitutes

Vertebral arthrodesis is one of the most commonly performed, yet incompletely understood, procedures in spinal surgery. Despite major progress in internal fixation techniques, the high rate of non-unions indicates that physiologic, biologic and molecular events that are crucial to this process are not well known. This article will analyze the general biology of bone regeneration, and particularly discuss the properties and use of various bone graft materials and graft substitutes. Received: 9 August 2000/Accepted: 11 August 2000     

Aneurysmal bone cyst and solitary cyst of bone]

Results of treatment of 7 cases of aneurysmal bone cysts and 12 cases of solitary bone cysts in 19 patients treated in our Department between 1991 and 1996 are presented. Changes were found in the humerus, femur, tibia and fibula. Curettage or excision was the mode of treatment. Recurrence of the condition has been noted in 4 cases. Excision of the change and filling of the defect with autologous or homologous bone graft is more efficient than curettage alone.     

小鼠骨组织形态学特征及泼尼松对骨量及骨钙的影响

目的探讨小鼠骨组织形态学和小鼠骨钙含量的研究方法,并观察不同剂量的泼尼松对小鼠骨形态学及骨钙含量的影响.方法 24只昆明种♀小鼠,随机分为4组正常对照组,泼尼松低、中、高剂量组,对照组给予生理盐水,其余3组分别按泼尼松0.75、1.5、6.3 mg.kg-1@d-1灌胃给药,实验21 d后,眼眶放血,取右胫骨进行硬组织包埋切片,作骨组织形态计量学检测,取右股骨测骨钙含量.结果小鼠骨形态学与大鼠相似,但松质骨骨量个体差异大.形态学中骨量与骨钙含量有正相关(P＜0.05).对不同剂量泼尼松作用的检测表明低、高两剂量泼尼松对骨钙含量无明显影响,中剂量可增加骨钙含量(P＜0.05);骨形态计量学观察可见低、中剂量的泼尼松有增加骨量的趋势,中剂量差异有显著性(P＜0.05),高剂量泼尼松有减少骨量的趋势.中剂量增加松质骨表面双荧光强度(P＜0.05).结论小鼠骨形态学特征和骨钙含量有低的相关关系,泼尼松低的剂量可增加小鼠的骨钙含量、骨量和骨小梁表面荧光,当剂量增加时却有减少骨量和骨表面荧光的作用.提示测定药物对骨钙含量影响在一定程度上反映形态学中骨量的变化,提示若用高剂量泼尼松可致小鼠骨量减少模型.