胸部小切口心脏不停跳心内直视手术在先天性心脏病中的应用

目的 探讨胸部小切口心脏不停疏心内直视手术在治疗先天性心脏病中的应用价值.方法 经胸部小切口心脏不停跳行先天性心脏病手术383例.经右胸前外侧小切口299例,右腋下小切口48例,胸骨正中下段小切口36例.选择同期正中切口心脏停跳手术治疗的先天性心脏病患者100例为对照组进行比较.结果 两组患者均无手术死亡.小切口不停跳组手术切口长度、CPB时间、手术时间、术后呼吸机辅助时间、术后引流量、术后输血量、术后纵隔感染及胸骨畸形等并发症均少于对照组(均P<0.05).术后住院时间和对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 胸部小切口心脏不停跳适用于简单的先天性心脏病手术,具有切口隐蔽美观、术后渗血少、切口感染发生率低、无胸骨畸形、心肌保护效果好、显著缩短体外循环时间等优点.     

浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳下心内直视手术的临床应用

目的：通过测定心脏不停跳与心脏停跳手术两组患者的血浆肌钙蛋白（cTn—Ⅰ）值以及心肌活检．评价心脏不停跳手术对心肌保护的效果。方法：选择40例心脏病患者于浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳下心内直视手术作为实验组，同期选择40例于低温心脏停跳下心内直视手术作为对照组，测定两组患者术前、术中、术后各时相的cTn—Ⅰ值，以及心肌活检病理进行比较研究。结果：两组术前cTn—Ⅰ值和心肌活栓病理显示心肌超微结构差异无显著性（P〉0．05）；转机后两组cTn—Ⅰ值均升高，对照组比实验组增高明显，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）：而心脏活检病理显示心肌超微结构上实验组优于对照组，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳手术可明显减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤．对心肌起到良好的保护作用     

浅低温体外循环不停跳心内直视术的心肌保护

目的:探讨浅低温体外循环不停跳心内直视术的心肌保护。方法:30例心内直视术患者被随机平均分为心脏停跳和不停跳两组。停跳组降温至食管温度25±1.35℃,并从升主动脉根部灌注冷高钾停跳液,灌注量15ml.kg-1,同时在心脏表面及心腔内置0.9%氯化钠溶液浸泡,使心脏停跳,阻断升主动脉。不停跳组降温至食管温度33±0.8℃,只阻断上、下腔静脉,不阻断主动脉,控制心率在40～70次.min-1。结果:两组病例术中血流动力学均较稳定,无明显差异。但两组CK-MB、CK、LDH、α-HBDH均较术前增高,尤以停跳组明显,两组比较有显著差异。结论:心内直视术麻醉采用浅低温心脏不停跳体外循环技术对心肌具有较好的保护作用,但仍然存在需要进一步解决的问题。     

浅低温心脏不停跳心内直视手术215例临床分析

目的：总结215例浅低温体外循环下不停跳心内直视手术的临床应用经验。方法：215例行心脏不停跳心内直视手术病例,并行循环者阻断上下腔静脉而不阻断升主动脉,不使用心脏停跳液;逆行灌注者,阻断升主动脉后经冠状静脉窦逆行持续灌注机器氧合血,鼻咽温度在（33±1）℃,均在心脏空跳下完成心内直视手术。结果：心脏手术完毕后顺利停机,术后血液动力学平稳,低心输出量综合征发生率低,无1例发生神经系统并发症及空气栓塞,早期死亡率0．93％（2／215）。结论：浅低温体外循环下不停跳心内直视手术技术安全可行,是一种接近生理状态的心肌保护方法,可应用于绝大部份心内直视手术。     

老年患者浅低温心脏不停跳瓣膜置换中的心肌保护

背景:体外循环心内直视手术引起的心肌损害是术后并发症发生的重要原因,浅低温心脏不停跳技术有明显的心肌保护作用,对某些高危患者尤为有益.目的:观察浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳瓣膜置换对老年患者的心肌保护作用.方法:选择年龄≥60岁择期行二尖瓣人工瓣膜置换的风湿性心脏病患者30例,根据治疗方式分为2组,停跳组在中度低温心脏停跳下完成心脏瓣膜置换,不停跳组在浅低温心脏跳动中完成心脏瓣膜置换.结果与结论:在转机30 min、术中关闭右心房前,两组患者肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素6,8、心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ浓度较转机前时升高(P < 0.05),其中以停跳组明显(P < 0.05).关闭右心房时两组核转录因子κB的表达增加,以不停跳组增加幅度较小(P < 0.05).提示浅低温心脏不停跳技术可以减轻老年患者体外循环心内直视手术过程中的心肌损害,该作用可能与减轻心肌的局部炎症反应有关.     

常温心脏不停跳心内直视手术中的处理

不停跳心内直视手术过程简单,避免心肌灌注损伤,术后恢复快,尤其适用于单纯房间隔缺损或单纯室间隔缺损病人。本研究共作不停跳 心内直视手术３２例,获得较好疗效。对空气栓塞、术中心脏停跳、手术方法的改变、回血增加以及术中进行血液流变学指标观察等问题的处理作了探讨。     

心脏不停跳心内直视术护理研究

心脏跳动中心内直视手术是近年来发展的一种手术方式。本文对心脏停跳与不停跳心内直视术后患者的几项临床护理指标进行分析 ,比较两种方法的护理差异 ,以提高护理质量。1　临床资料与方法1.1　观察对象随机抽取 2 0 0例患者 ,分为心脏不停跳组 (10 0例 ) ,心脏停跳组 (10 0例 )。两组患者的年龄、性别、体重、病种构成比、心功能、心胸比例等差异无显著性意义 ,具有可比性 (表 1)。表 1　两组病人的一般资料项目不停跳组停跳组性别 (例 )男 5 860女 42 40年龄 (岁 ) 3 3 5± 2 9 73 9 3± 3 1 6体重 (ｋｇ) 42 3± 3 0 5 48 7± 2 7 1心…     

海拔3700米先天性心脏病体外循环外科手术12例

目的：探讨西藏地区先天性心脏病体外循坏心脏不停跳与心脏停跳下心内直视手术的方法和治疗效果。方法：12例先天性心脏病人中8例采用浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳下心内直视手术,4例心脏停跳下心内直视手术。结果：12例病人均治愈,结论：海拔3700米地区绝非心脏外科手术禁忌,加强心肌保护,做好围手术期的综合治疗,广泛开展高原心脏外科手术是完全可能的。     

心血管手术对患者脑电图的影响

目的　比较接受体外循环 (CPB)心内直视手术患者和接受动脉导管未闭结扎术的患者手术前后脑电图 (EEG)的变化 ,探讨心内直视手术对脑功能的影响。方法　选择接受心内直视手术患者 5 1例 ,分为 2组 ,A组 (n =2 6 )为先天性室间隔缺损的患者 ,B组 (n =2 5 )为风湿性心脏病二尖瓣病变的患者。A、B两组患者均在浅低温CPB心脏不停跳下施行心内直视手术 ;同时选择接受先天性动脉导管结扎术的患者 8例为C组 (n =8)。全部患者术前和术后 7d进行EEG检查。结果　接受心内直视手术的患者术后 7dEEG较术前明显变差 (P <0 0 1) ,与接受动脉导管未闭结扎术的患者相比也明显变差 (P <0 0 1) ,但A、B两组间差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　CPB下心内直视手术会造成患者EEG的明显异常。     

心脏不停跳心内直视手术对心肌保护作用的临床研究

浅低温心脏不停跳心内直视手术能够缩短心肌缺血时间,我们将此方法与低温心脏停跳心内直视手术进行了对比研究,旨在探讨不停跳心内直视手术对心肌的保护作用,为临床应用提供理论依据。1对象和方法1．1研究对象实验组（心脏不停跳心内直视手术组）10例,男3例,女7例;年龄20±15．5岁;其中房间隔缺损3例,空间隔缺损3例,二尖瓣置换3例,部分性心内膜垫缺损1例。同期选择16例病人作为对照组（低温心脏停跳心内直视手术组）,男6例,女10例;年龄18±12.6岁;其中房间隔缺损3例,室缺9例,二尖瓣置换3例,主动脉窦瘤1例。1．2研究方法1．…     

围术期应用胺碘酮预防心脏不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术后房颤的研究

目的探讨围手术期应用胺碘酮在预防非体外循环下心脏不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术后房颤中的作用。方法采用随机对照的研究方法,将2009年1月至2011年1月在我科进行非体外循环下心脏不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术的患者随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各100例。A组为试验组,术前口服胺碘酮,600mg/d(200mgtid),连续7d,之后改为200mg/d至术前,术后当天开始静脉滴注胺碘酮,负荷量为5mg/kg,之后给予维持量0.5mg.kg-1.h-1,能进食后改为200mg/d口服。B组为对照组,不给予胺碘酮治疗而仅用常规药物。观察两组患者术后房颤发生率及心率变化,同时检测试验组患者术前及术后第2天的胺碘酮血药浓度。结果两组患者的术前一般特征及手术情况相近。试验组100例患者中术后有10例(10.0%)发生房颤,对照组100例患者中有36例(36.0%)发生房颤(P=0.015)。试验组房颤时最大心室率为(126.0±20.8)次/min,房颤持续时间为1.0d,对照组房颤时最大心室率为(150.0±25.6)次/min,房颤持续时间为(3.0±1.5)d(P<0.05)。试验组术后心率慢于对照组,两组Q-T间期、术后并发症的发生及死亡率无统计学差异。试验组的住院时间为(10.6±2.8)d,对照组住院时间为(15.4±3.2)d(P<0.05)。胺碘酮血药浓度平均值术前为(797±136)ng/ml,术后第2天为(763±94)ng/ml(P>0.05)。结论胺碘酮在预防非体外循环下心脏不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术后房颤中的作用显著,能安全有效地降低术后房颤的发生率,缩短房颤持续时间,且无明显不良反应。     

通脉降脂片对老年冠心病的疗效观察及机制探讨

目的:观察通脉降脂片治疗老年冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效,初步探索其作用机制。方法:将80例老年冠心病心绞痛患者随机分为通脉降脂片组(40例,常规西药加通脉降脂片)与单纯西药治疗组(40例,单用西药治疗),观察治疗前后血浆内皮素(ET)与降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)含量,临床症状和心电图的变化,并选择30例门诊健康体检者为正常组进行对比。结果:治疗前与治疗后两组患者ET明显高于健康人(P<0.01),CGRP明显低于健康人(P<0.01),通脉降脂片组临床疗效总有效率及心电图疗效总有效率明显优于西药对照组(P<0.01);两组患者ET均明显降低,CGRP明显升高,但是通脉降脂组优于西药对照组(P<0.01)。结论:通脉降脂片可抑制血浆ET过量释放,同时提高血浆CGRP浓度,具有良好的抗心肌缺血作用,对老年冠心病心绞痛有较好的疗效。     

Course of Symptoms and Spontaneous ECG in Pacemaker Patients: A 5-Year Follow-up Study

We investigated the course of symptoms and the spontaneous ECG retrospectively in 308 patients who had received a pacemaker because of atrioventricular (AV) block (n = 115), sick sinus syndrome (SSS, n = 107), bradyarrhythmic atrial fibrillation (bradyarrhythmia, n = 51), carotid sinus syndrome (CSS, n = 16), complete bifascicular block associated with 1st degree AV block (n = 13) and with other indications (n = 6). The mean implantation time was 63 months. The clinical state of 93% of all patients improved after pacemaker implantation; their symptoms decreased markedly. Persisting syncopy in some patients with SSS, however, supports a restricted implantation policy. We rarely saw improved AV conduction in patients with AV block (11%). Furthermore, in patients with SSS, atrial fibrillation occurred significantly more often (35%) than in those with AV block (17%; P less than 0.01). Only 3% of patients with SSS developed 2nd and 3rd degree AV block within the observation period. In all patients with initial bifascicular block and additional 1st degree AV block, pacing prevented further syncopal attacks; four of them showed 3rd degree AV block at control, indicating that pacemaker implantation is mandatory in symptomatic patients with bifascicular disease and 1st degree AV block.     

浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳瓣膜置换的肺保护

背景:浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳治疗可能减轻心内直视手术后肺损伤,但进一步的作用机制尚未明确。目的:探讨浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳下二尖瓣置换术肺保护效果。方法:纳入二尖瓣置换患者40例,随机数字表法均分为实验组与对照组,实验组采用浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳治疗,对照组采用中低温心脏停跳体外循环治疗。分别于置换开始和体外循环后30min两个时点收集支气管肺泡灌洗液,检测肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素8、髓过氧化物酶水平;体外循环前及体外循环后30min分别取左右心房血测定中性粒细胞并计算跨肺差值;体外循环前、停机时、停机后1,8h查动脉血气分析,计算呼吸指数。结果与结论:①两组支气管肺泡灌洗液中肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素8、髓过氧化物酶水平及中性粒细胞跨肺差值在体外循环后30min明显升高(P<0.01),但实验组明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。②两组呼吸指数在体外循环停机时、停机后1,8h各时点升高(P<0.05),但实验组升高明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。提示浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳能减轻二尖瓣置后的肺损伤,有较好的肺保护效果。     

Evaluating patients with acute ischemic stroke with special reference to newly developed atrial fibrillation in cerebral embolism

BACKGROUND: Cardioembolic strokes are extensive and have a poor prognosis. To identify the cardiovascular risk factors of cardioembolic stroke, we evaluated the cardiovascular status with special reference to persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) combined with the type of acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: We divided 315 consecutive patients admitted to our Department of Neurosurgery with an acute ischemic stroke into four types of brain infarction using clinical history, onset pattern of stroke, and brain imaging: cardioembolic (group E, n = 105), lacunar (group L, n = 92), atherothrombotic (group T, n = 111), and unclassified (n = 7). All patients underwent standard electrocardiography (ECG), a 24-hour ECG recording (Holter ECG) and transthoracic echocardiography (UCG). RESULTS: Persistent AF or PAF was detected in 97 patients (31.5%) using Holter ECG: more frequently in group E (67.6%) than in groups L (15.2%) or T (9.2%). Persistent AF or PAF was first diagnosed on admission using a standard ECG in 16 patients (5.2%) with no previous history and 14 of these patients belonged to group E (13.3%). PAF was newly detected on Holter ECG in another 26 patients (8.4%) and 13 of these patients (12.4%) belonged to group E. Concerning UCG, left atrial enlargement and mitral regurgitation were more frequent in group E than in group L or T. CONCLUSION: Holter ECG in addition to ECG on admission is important for detecting persistent AF or PAF in patients with ischemic stroke, especially with cardioembolism as diagnosed by neuroimaging.     

Conduction properties of the crista terminalis in patients with atrial flutter due to amiodarone therapy for atrial fibrillation

Some patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) treated by antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) can develop typical atrial flutter, but the mechanism is not clear. This study included 21 patients with AF. Group I (n = 7) had typical atrial flutter due to amiodarone therapy. Group II (n = 7) did not develop atrial flutter after amiodarone treatment. Group III (n = 7) did not receive AAD treatment. A 7 Fr, 20-pole electrode catheter was placed along the CT identified by fluoroscopy and intracardiac echocardiography. After restoration of the sinus rhythm, decremental pacing near the CT was performed until 2 to 1 atrial capture. Complete transverse conduction block was defined as the appearance of double potentials with opposite activation sequence along the CT. Focal transverse conduction delay was defined as the appearance of double potentials at > or = 2 recording sites. Focal transverse conduction delay was observed during pacing at the cycle length of 693 +/- 110 ms in group I, 360 +/- 97 ms in group II and 343 +/- 109 ms in group III (P = 0.001). Complete transverse conduction block was observed during pacing at the cycle length of 391 +/- 118 ms in group I and 231 +/- 23 ms in group II (P = 0.001), but not in group III. In conclusion, focal transverse conduction delay in the CT was common in patients with AF. A predisposition to the line of the conduction block in the CT might contribute to the conversion of AF to typical atrial flutter due to amiodarone therapy.     

Atrial fibrillation with high degree atrioventricular block masquerading as ventricular fibrillation masquerading as asystole during cardiac arrest

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) can masquerade as asystole. We report a 54-yr-old male in cardiac arrest who, on surface ECG, appeared to be in VF or asystole. A bedside intracardiac recording using a transmyocardial pacing wire showed the true rhythm to be atrial fibrillation (AF) with high grade atrioventricular block. AF with a high degree block can masquerade as VF, which simultaneously masquerades as asystole, and can be correctly diagnosed by bedside intracardiac monitoring. Patients who have a flat line rhythm which may represent asystole, fine ventricular fibrillation, or atrial fibrillation with a high degree atrioventricular block may warrant a trial of electrical countershock, high-dose atropine, or transthoracic pacing.     

Impact of Long-Term ECG Recording on the Detection of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Patients After an Acute Ischemic Stroke

An ECG recording time of 24 hours has a low yield to detect atrial arrhythmias in patients after an acute ischemic stroke. The present study investigated whether a recording time of 72 instead of 24 hours detects paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in more patients. The study prospectively included 82 consecutive patients 2-3 weeks after an acute ischemic stroke. All patients had sinus rhythm in the resting ECGs and no history of atrial fibrillation or flutter. The frequency of atrial fibrillation was assessed after 24, 48, and 72 hours of ambulatory ECG monitoring. An ECG monitoring time of 72 hours documented paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in five (6%) patients. The episode of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation occurred in only one patient within 24 hours. The other patients had their first episode of atrial fibrillation between 24 and 48 hours (n = 2) and between 48 and 72 hours (n = 2). These five patients were older (age = 70 +/- 5 years), whereas the mean age of the remaining patients was 59 +/- 13 years. All five patients had cardiovascular disease in comparison to 36 of 77 patients and reported palpitations in comparison to 6 of 77 of the remaining patients. In conclusion, ambulatory ECG monitoring over 72 hours detected after the first recording day four of five patients in whom paroxysmal atrial fibrillation could be documented for the first time. The 72-hour recording time improved, compared to the 24-hour period, the detection of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients after an ischemic stroke. It seems to be more efficient to perform prolonged ECG recording mainly in older patients with a cardiovascular disease and/or a history of palpitations.     

Heart rhythm disturbances in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in aggregate with coronary heart disease

The purpose of the research was to study kinds, frequencies and features of heart rhythm disturbances (HRD) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) subject to degree of severity, including presence of coronary heart disease (CHD). 1189 of patients with registered HRD were examined. 315 of them had COPD (group 1), 531--combination of COPD and CHD (group 2), 343 were CHD patients (group 3). The extent of examinations included electrocardiogram (ECG), Halter monitoring (HM), bicycle ergometry (BEM), external respiration function estimation. Supraventricular HRD were registered statistically more frequently in group 1: according to ECG data in rest - in 37.2% patients, by BEM results--in 18.8%, by HM--in 50%. Combined (supraventricular and ventricular) HRD were registered most frequently in group 2: 41.2 24.4, and 45.5% respectively. Ventricular HRD dominated in group 3: 47.6, 29.3 and 48.6% respectively. The results of the study indicate that supraventricular HRDprevaile in patients with COPD, combined HRD - in patients with COPD and CHD. Ventricular HRD, which most informatively reflect changes in intracardiac geometry and left ventricle hemodynamics, dominate in CHD patients. The optimization of therapy correction consists in early diagnostics of HRD subject to features of cardiorespiratory system functional state.     

浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳瓣膜置换的肺保护

背景：浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳治疗可能减轻心内直视手术后肺损伤,但进一步的作用机制尚未明确。目的：探讨浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳下二尖瓣置换术肺保护效果。方法：纳入二尖瓣置换患者40例,随机数字表法均分为实验组与对照组,实验组采用浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳治疗,对照组采用中低温心脏停跳体外循环治疗。分别于置换开始和体外循环后30min两个时点收集支气管肺泡灌洗液,检测肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素8、髓过氧化物酶水平;体外循环前及体外循环后30min分别取左右心房血测定中性粒细胞并计算跨肺差值;体外循环前、停机时、停机后1,8h查动脉血气分析,计算呼吸指数。结果与结论：①两组支气管肺泡灌洗液中肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素8、髓过氧化物酶水平及中性粒细胞跨肺差值在体外循环后30min明显升高（P〈0.01）,但实验组明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）。②两组呼吸指数在体外循环停机时、停机后1,8h各时点升高（P〈0.05）,但实验组升高明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）。提示浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳能减轻二尖瓣置后的肺损伤,有较好的肺保护效果。