支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血

目的：探讨支气管动脉栓塞术对各种原因所致大咯血的治疗效果。方法：7例患包括结核性支扩2例，肺癌1例，支气管扩张症4张，咯血史3天－2年，全部病例术前经胸部平片、CT诊断。术中，行选择性支气管动脉造影，确认病变部位后经导管送入栓塞材料，其中3例使用金属弹簧圈，4例使用明胶海棉。结果：全部患于栓塞前，咯血量50－1000ml/天，经栓塞后即刻止血。2例偶有痰中带血，随访1－14个月，无大咯血复发及并发症。结论：使用支气管动脉栓塞术是治疗大咯血的有效方法，成功率高，创伤小，临床效果满意。     

非小细胞肺癌栓塞化疗术并发症分析

目的回顾分析非小细胞肺癌栓塞化疗术的并发症及其相关因素。方法非小细胞肺癌135例,行选择性支气管动脉插管造影确认病变血供,分别在支气管动脉主干或超选择性支气管动脉分支行灌注化疗加栓塞术。灌注化疗方案为三联药物:卡铂300mg,丝裂霉素10～20mg或表阿霉素40～60mg,5-FU1000mg。栓塞材料为明胶海绵颗粒或碘油。结果并发症发生率5.9%,包括脊髓缺血1例(0.7%)、肋间动脉缺血5例(3.7%)、肺动脉栓塞2例(1.5%)。经治疗后均于1～4周内缓解。脊髓缺血和肋间动脉缺血均发生在支气管动脉主干栓塞者。脊髓缺血和肺动脉栓塞仅见于碘油组,而肋间动脉缺血在明胶海绵颗粒组也有发生。结论支气管动脉栓塞术宜谨慎施行,超选择性支气管动脉插管及明胶海绵颗粒栓塞相对安全。     

支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血的疗效研究

目的：探讨支气管动脉栓塞术治疗急症大咯血的近远期疗效及术后咯血复发、影响该治疗技术疗效的主要原因。方法：对57例大咯血患者行支气管动脉栓塞术治疗。57例中,支气管扩张症20例,肺结核31例,肺癌6例。术后随访3～18个月,观察疗效。结果：即刻止血48例（84．2％）,术后咯血完全停止;7例咯血明显减少,经内科保守治疗2—5天后咯血停止;2例咯血减少不明显,经二次栓塞治疗后咯血停止。2例肺结核患者及1例肺癌患者术后因病情进展,分别于6个月、9个月后再次咯血,经再次栓塞治疗后咯血停止。结论：支气管动脉栓塞术治疗急症大咯血创伤小,止血迅速安全,近远期疗效确切,有效控制原发病可降低咯血复发率。     

肺癌支气管动脉化疗栓塞术的疗效分析

目的 评价支管动脉化疗栓塞术的治疗效果。方法 对38例支气管肺癌患采用Seldinger技术，一般行右股动脉穿刺插管，运用5F Cobra导管行支气管动脉造影。并用牧羊钩导管及3．0F SP导管同轴超选择插管，行支气管动咏灌注化疗栓塞。结果 化疗栓塞术后一个月复查胸片及CT，肿瘤阴影缩小90％以上2例。肿瘤阴影缩小50％以上11例，肿瘤阴影缩小低于50％19例。病灶稳定6例，病灶进展0例。结论 支气管肺癌行支气管动脉化疗栓塞术是一种难度较大但效果较好的介入治疗方法之一，只要选择导管得当，操作上耐心细致，大多数是可以成功的。     

支气管动脉栓塞治疗急性大咯血

急性大咯血是一种严重的急症，如抢救不及时，可危及患者的生命，传统内科止血疗法效果不十分理想且容易复发。我们采用支气管动脉栓塞方法，成功抢救了３例大咯血患者，取得满意效果，现报道如下。材料与方法男１例，女２例，年龄２８～５２岁。２例确诊为支气管扩张，患...     

支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血的远期疗效分析

目的 探讨支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血的远期疗效及影响疗效的因素.方法 对89例肺结核、5例肺癌、2例支气管扩张症所致大咯血共96例患者行支气管动脉栓塞术治疗,术后进行为期1～6年的追踪观察,对咯血有无复发、复发的时间、复发的原因、相应的治疗及效果进行了统计,采用生存分析的寿命表法对咯血控制率进行分析.结果 94例(97.9%)成功施行了支气管动脉栓塞术,术后即刻停止咯血.术后30 d、90 d、1年及2年的咯血控制率分别为93.6%(88/94)、86.2%(81/94)、81.9(77/94)及78.7%(74/94).术后30 d内咯血复发9例,复发的主要原因是漏栓和血管再通.30 d后咯血复发5例,90 d后复发2例,复发的主要原因与非支气管动脉体循环侧支循环形成、肺内病灶进展以及继发感染有关.结论 支气管动脉栓塞术在治疗肺结核咯血时疗效确切.防止漏栓、加主干双重栓塞、注重治疗病因、预防感染有助于提高支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血的远期疗效.     

支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血

目的：探讨支气管动脉栓塞(BAE)治疗大咯血的临床应用价值。方法：57例大咯血患者支气管动脉插管造影明确病变血管后，经导管缓慢注入明胶海绵颗粒栓塞出血血管，18例患者使用微导管超选择性BAE治疗。结果：出血完全停止44例，出血量减少9例，无效4例，有效率92．9％。结论：支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血是一种安全、有效、操作简便、损伤小的治疗方法。     

支气管动脉栓塞术治疗肺咯血疗效分析

目的分析支气管动脉栓塞术治疗肺咯血的临床价值。方法对87例咯血患者(支气管扩张46例、肺结核18例、肺癌15例、支气管动静脉畸形2例、原因不明咯血6例)行选择性支气管动脉或肋间动脉栓塞治疗。其中支气管动脉栓塞78例,肋间动脉栓塞6例,支气管动脉与肋间动脉一同栓塞3例。2例使用同轴微导管行超选择栓塞,使用明胶海绵微粒栓塞85例,使用明胶海绵微粒与聚乙烯醇颗粒联合栓塞2例。全部病例随访12～18个月。结果栓塞后即刻止血58例,咯血量明显减少19例。于栓塞后1周、2周、1个月分别有5例、3例、2例复发。10例复发患者再次行栓塞治疗后未再出现咯血。有效率为89%(77/87)。全部病例无并发症发生。结论支气管动脉栓塞术是治疗肺咯血的一种安全、有效、微创的有效方法。     

支气管动脉栓塞治疗肺大咯血

目的　探讨支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血的方法及疗效。方法　对 36例大咯血或长期反复咯血的病人用明胶海绵颗粒栓塞支气管动脉。 36例病人中 ,单侧 31例 ,双侧 5例。肺癌 1 7例 ,支气管扩张 8例 ,肺结核 1 1例。先行支气管动脉造影 ,确定出血血管后 ,用明胶海绵颗粒栓塞 ,直到支气管动脉闭塞为止。结果　即刻止血 31例 ,出血完全控制。 5例咯血明显减少 ,内科治疗后咯血完全停止。随访 3月～ 5年 ,再出血 2例。结论　支气管动脉栓塞是治疗大咯血的有效方法 ,效果确切 ,止血迅速     

2种材料支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血的临床分析

目的　探讨 2种栓塞材料聚乙烯醇(PVA)颗粒和明胶海绵颗粒支气管动脉内栓塞治疗急性大咯血的临床疗效。方法　62例(男 40例,女 22例)临床表现为急性大咯血患者,先行选择性支气管动脉插管造影,再做超选择支气管动脉插管,A组 (32例 )注入PVA颗粒栓塞末梢支气管动脉,再用明胶海绵颗粒栓塞近端支气管动脉。B组 (30例 )单纯用明胶海绵栓塞。结果　A组即刻止血 28例(87. 5% ), 72h内咯血停止 4例 (12. 5% ),有效率 100%;B组即刻止血 25例 ( 83. 3% ), 72h内咯血停止 5例(16. 7% )。2组近期疗效无差别(P>0. 05)。随访 1年,A组复发 2例(6% ),B组复发 9例(30% ),复发率差异显著(P<0. 01)。2组均未见严重不良反应。结论　PVA及明胶颗粒支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血安全、有效,前者不易复发,值得临床推广应用。     

The Value of 320-Row Multidetector CT Bronchial Arteriography in Recurrent Hemoptysis after Failed Transcatheter Arterial Embolization

Purpose

To retrospectively assess the value of computed tomographic (CT) bronchial arteriography (BA) with 320-row multidetector CT in the management of patients with recurrent hemoptysis immediately after bronchial artery embolization (BAE).

Bronchial Artery Embolization for Hemoptysis in Primary Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Review of 84 Patients

Purpose

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) in patients with primary lung cancer-related hemoptysis and to identify factors associated with hemoptysis-free survival.

支气管动脉栓塞术治疗非肿瘤性大咯血

目的探讨支气管动脉栓塞术对非肿瘤性大咯血的治疗效果。方法46例患者术前均经影像检查明确诊断,术中先行胸主动脉造影,再选择支气管动脉或肋间动脉造影确认出血动脉,经导管送入真丝线段及明胶海绵(GS)栓塞。结果45例支气管动脉栓塞成功,1例栓塞失败。术中肺咯血即刻停止39例,6例肺咯血量明显减少,有5例术后复发。即刻止血率84.8%,有效率97.8%,复发率10.9%。结论支气管动脉栓塞术是治疗非肿瘤性大咯血的有效手段。     

非肿瘤性肾动静脉畸形或瘘节段性肾动脉栓塞治疗

目的　分析非肿瘤性肾动静脉畸形或瘘引起肾出血节段性肾动脉栓塞治疗的方法及疗效 ,探讨栓塞后肾脏再出血的原因及处理措施。方法　 4例肾出血患者 ,其中 2例先天性肾动静脉畸形 (AVM) ,2例肾穿刺后并发肾动静脉瘘 (AVF)。经股动脉插管行肾动脉及其分支造影 ,用明胶海绵、钢丝圈或无水酒精超选择性栓塞病变血管。结果　 4例畸形血管均闭塞 ,出血停止 ,全部病例在栓塞后无严重并发症发生 ;1例先天性AVM病人用钢丝圈及明胶海绵栓塞 8个月后再出血 ,经无水酒精再次栓塞后出血停止 ,随访 9个月无再出血。结论　肾动脉造影是诊断肾脏AVM和AVF的可靠方法 ;节段性肾动脉栓塞术是治疗肾脏AVM和AVF有效、安全的微创性手术 ;少数病例再发出血 ,可能与栓塞剂类型的选择和病变的特点有关 ,需应用永久性栓塞剂或多种栓塞剂联合治疗 ,甚至外科手术处理。     

Renal and Splenic Micro-Infarctions Following Bronchial Artery Embolization with Tris-Acryl Microspheres

A bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is an important therapeutic method used to control acute and chronic hemoptysis. We report a case of multiple micro-infarcts involving both the kidneys and spleen, following a BAE with 500-700 µm crossed-linked tris-acryl microspheres (Embospheres) in a patient with bronchial artery pulmonary vein shunts. The superior penetration characteristics of the microspheres may have resulted in the greater tendency to cross the bronchial artery pulmonary vein shunts, which subsequently caused the systemic infarcts in our patient. We propose the use of larger sized microspheres (700-900 µm), which may aid in avoiding this complication.     

Bronchial Artery Aneurysm Embolization with NBCA

We present a case of asymptomatic bronchial artery aneurysm that formed a fistula with part of the pulmonary artery (there was no definite fistula with the pulmonary vein). We were able to catheterize the feeding vessel but could not reach the aneurysm. We therefore injected a mixture of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA; Histoacryl, B. Braun, Melsungen, Germany) and iodized oil (Lipiodol; Guerbet, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France) from the feeding vessel. The fistula, aneurysm, and feeding vessel were almost totally occluded. After embolization, the patient coughed a little; there were no other definite side effects or complications. One and 3 months later, on chest CT, the aneurysm was almost completely occupied with hyperattenuating NBCA-Lipiodol embolization. NBCA is a liquid embolization material whose time to coagulation after injection can be controlled by diluting it with Lipiodol. It is therefore possible to embolize an aneurysm, feeding vessels, and efferent vessels (in our case, it was a fistula) by using an NBCA-Lipiodol mixture of an appropriate concentration, regardless of whether the catheter can reach the aneurysm or not.     

Causes of Arterial Bleeding After Living Donor Liver Transplantation and the Results of Transcatheter Arterial Embolization

Objective

To analyze the causes of arterial bleeding after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and to evaluate the efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE).

Materials and Methods

Forty-two sessions of conventional arteriography were performed in 32 of the 195 patients who underwent LDLT during the past 2 years. This was done in search of bleeding foci of arterial origin. TAE was performed with microcoils or gelatin sponge particles. The causes of arterial bleeding, the technical and clinical success rates of TAE and the complications were retrospectively evaluated.

Results

Forty-two bleeding foci of arterial origin were identified on 30 sessions of arteriography in 21 patients. The most common cause of bleeding was percutaneous procedures in 40% of the patients (17 of the 42 bleeding foci) followed by surgical procedures in 36% (15/42). The overall technical and clinical success rates of TAE were 21 (70%) and 20 (67%) of the 30 sessions, respectively. The overall technical success rate of TAE for the treatment of bleeding from the hepatic resection margin, hepatic artery anastomotic site and hepaticojejunostomy was only 18% (2/11), whereas for the treatment of bleeding in the other locations the technical and clinical success rates of TAE were 100% and 95%, respectively. No procedure-related major complications occurred.

Conclusion

In the case of arterial bleeding after LDLT, percutaneous procedure-related hemorrhages were as common as surgery-related hemorrhages. There were technical difficulties in using TAE for the treatment of hepatic arterial bleeding. However, in the other locations, TAE seems to be safe and effective for the control of arterial bleeding in LDLT recipients.