苏州市学龄前儿童超重与肥胖流行现况及影响因素

目的 了解苏州市学龄前儿童超重与肥胖的流行现况,分析儿童肥胖的影响因素。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,于2021年12月—2022年6月抽取苏州市各区域共24 452名3～6岁儿童进行体格测量,分析超重与肥胖检出率。采用病例对照研究问卷调查3 786例(肥胖组与对照组各1 893例)儿童的基本信息、饮食、运动、睡眠等情况,分析学龄前儿童肥胖的影响因素。结果 1)苏州市学龄前儿童超重总检出率为14.8%(男14.6%、女15.0%);肥胖总检出率为7.9%(男8.7%、女7.1%),男女肥胖检出率差异有统计学意义(χ²=19.828,P<0.01)。2)各年龄组肥胖检出率差异有统计学意义(χ²=98.415,P<0.01),3～<4岁组最低(5.8%),6～<7岁组最高(11.8%)。3)轻度、中度、重度肥胖总检出率分别为4.8%、2.6%、0.5%。在各年龄组中,中重度肥胖构成比随年龄增长而显著增加(χ²=57.275,P<0.05)。4)出生体重>4 000g、剖宫产、父母超重/...     

学龄期儿童肥胖与膳食钙关系

目的了解目前上海市区学龄期儿童超重肥胖发生率和膳食钙摄入情况,分析肥胖与膳食钙关系。方法对上海市杨浦区和宝山区10所小学二、三年级学生进行体检,并对其中6所小学学生进行钙摄入量调查,分析学生超重肥胖流行状况和膳食钙摄入情况及其相互关系。结果上海市部分地区学龄期儿童超重肥胖率高达36.0%;总钙摄入量为647mg/d,达到推荐摄入量(RNI)的仅有26.4%;总钙摄入量与肥胖无关(χ2=0.319,P=0.956);单位体重钙摄入量与肥胖有关,单位体重钙摄入量越高,超重和肥胖的发生率越低(χ2=65.022,P=0.000);肥胖相关指标如体重(χ2=101.660,P=0.000)、体质指数(BMI)(χ2=85.223,P=0.000)、体脂百分比(PBF)(χ2=64.869,P=0.000)、收缩压(SBP)(χ2=35.626,P=0.000)、舒张压(DBP)(χ2=24.779,P=0.000)等随着单位体重钙摄入量的增高而降低。结论单位体重钙摄入量为与肥胖有关,随着单位体重钙摄入量的增高,超重肥胖发生率降低,体重、BMI、PBF、SBP、DBP、腰围和肥胖度也明显降低(P0.05)。     

天津青少年营养状况、体重认知及不健康减肥行为调查

目的了解天津市青少年营养状况、自我体重认知情况以及不健康减肥行为现状,为制定科学有效的干预措施提供理论依据。方法 2013年采用集体自填匿名问卷调查方法,对分层整群随机抽取的36所中学、6所大学的8 194名学生进行调查。结果天津市青少年偏瘦、超重及肥胖发生率分别为11.53%、11.62%和6.52%,男生超重及肥胖发生率(15.59%、9.16%)明显高于女生(8.19%、4.23%);12岁年龄组学生肥胖率为13.88%,达各年龄组最高;大学阶段学生超重、肥胖率最低,分别为8.72%、2.78%;经济地区好的学生肥胖率(7.71%)最高,核心家庭学生肥胖率(6.38%)最低。多因素logistic回归分析显示,性别、是否寄宿、喝饮料、吃甜点、吃快餐、经济水平、玩电子游戏是儿童超重肥胖发生的影响因素(均P0.05)。51.76%的青少年存在体重认知偏移,消瘦青少年中有8.04%认为体重偏重或很重,正常青少年中有37.64%认为体重偏重或很重,但超重和肥胖学生中分别有16.91%、26.77%没有正确认知自己的体重状况,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=3 061.461,P=0.01)。在过去30 d,有22.80%的青少年为减肥或控制体重而锻炼,同时有21.19%采取不健康减肥行为,且随着体重增加发生不健康减肥行为的情况越严重(χ~(2趋势)=41.086,P=0.000)。结论天津市青少年消瘦、与超重肥胖情况并存,处于较高水平,部分青少年对自身体重没有正确认知,且存在不健康减肥行为。     

2013年大连市城乡中小学生肥胖状况分析

目的了解大连市中小学生肥胖流行现状与特征,为进一步采取相应干预措施提供依据。方法对大连市2013年城乡中小学生预防保健情况资料进行分析。结果 2013年大连市中小学生肥胖率为22.25%。男生肥胖率高于女生(χ2=82.79,P<0.01);农村高于城市(χ2=14.13,P<0.01);初中高于小学和高中(χ2=30.32,P<0.01)。结论大连市中小学生肥胖率较高,要重点关注男生、初中生和农村地区儿童青少年肥胖的流行趋势,采取综合措施促进儿童青少年健康。     

2012年成都市新都区居民超重和肥胖流行状况

目的通过居民体重监测,掌握成都市新都区居民超重和肥胖的流行状况,为预防控制超重和肥胖提供基础依据。方法利用2012年新都区社区诊断调查数据资料,用整群随机抽样,对新都区10个街道/镇的居民进行超重和肥胖流行现状分析。调查对象为18岁以上居民共11366人。结果本次调查人群超重率22.87%,肥胖率6.31%,经2012年新都区人口标化后,超重率和肥胖率分别为19.33%和5.96%。男性超重率(25.61%)高于女性超重率(20.18%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=56.71,P<0.01);男性肥胖率(5.69%)低于女性肥胖率(6.93%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=43.16,P<0.01)。超重率和肥胖率均随年龄的增加而增高,有统计学意义(χ2=156.05,P<0.01;χ2=99.28,P<0.01)。结论新都区居民超重和肥胖人数估计结果接近全区人口的1/4;且超重和肥胖的趋势明显随着人群年龄增长而呈上升趋势。     

秦皇岛市北戴河区居民肥胖与相关慢性疾病的影响因素

目的研究秦皇岛市北戴河区肥胖与相关慢性疾病的影响因素。方法采用随机抽样方法,于2010年8—10月对北戴河区20～92岁居民进行面对面调查,抽取3 569人,用询问调查法获得个人基本情况和相关因素,测量身高、体重。结果超重、全身性肥胖和腹型肥胖总患病率分别为36.79%、13.28%和54.08%;不同性别的人群超重率、全身性肥胖率和腹型肥胖率差异有统计学意义(χ2=126.31,P0.01;χ2=63.85,P0.01;χ2=14.91,P0.01);不同年龄人群超重率、全身性肥胖率和腹型肥胖率差异有统计学意义(χ2=93.15,P0.01;χ2=6.002,P=0.01;χ2=24.70,P0.01);不同文化程度的人群超重率、全身性肥胖率和腹型肥胖率差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.49,P0.01;χ2=126.31,P0.01;χ2=13.11,P0.01);与体重正常人群比较,超重和肥胖人群高血压、血糖异常和甘油三酯升高危险性较高,其OR值分别为2.86,2.94,3.52和5.06,4.19,6.37)。结论肥胖者易患高血压、血糖异常、血脂异常等慢性疾病,应采取有效的措施预防和控制肥胖。     

北京市儿童肥胖的生活行为因素和家庭聚集性

目的 探讨儿童肥胖与其生活行为因素、父母肥胖的关系,为制定儿童肥胖的防治政策提供依据.方法 整群随机选取北京市城郊21 198名2～18岁儿童进行横断面研究.问卷调查包括儿童肥胖的家庭环境因素及其父母的肥胖情况;体格测量主要为儿童的身高、体重.采用SPSS13.0软件进行统计学分析,包括一般性描述、趋势卡方检验和非条件logistic回归分析.结果采用国际肥胖工作组推荐的儿童肥胖参考值(IOTF参考值),21 198名2～18岁儿童肥胖率为5.6%.儿童吸烟、饮酒等行为因素及其肥胖状况存在家庭聚集性.父母均不吸烟、一方吸烟、双亲均吸烟的子女吸烟率分别为1.50%、2.93%和6.01%(χ2趋势=45.422,P<0.01);父母均不饮酒、一方饮酒、双亲均饮酒的子女饮酒率分别为5.85%、9.12%和13.96%(χ2趋势=107.009,P<0.01).根据双亲BMI状态分组,"父母正常"、"父亲肥胖"、"母亲肥胖"、"双亲肥胖"各组中儿童肥胖率分别为3.29%、11.48%、9.12%和27.01%(χ2趋势=293.404,P<0.01).控制性别、年龄后,体育锻炼、睡眠、吃禽类食物、看电视、饮酒可能是儿童肥胖的影响因素.控制年龄、性别、青春期等协变量,与父母体重正常相比,母亲肥胖对女儿肥胖的影响较大(OR=5.93,95% CI:3.57～9.84),而父亲肥胖对儿子肥胖的影响较大(OR=4.29,95% CI:3.21～5.72).父母同时肥胖对女儿肥胖产生的影响(OR=28.51,95%CI:15.13～53.72),远远大于其对儿子肥胖的影响(OR=7.21,95% CI:4.07～12.75);其对2～5岁、10～12岁儿童的影响(OR=18.67,95% CI.49～234.46;OR=22.25,95% CI:10.62～46.59),大于其对其他年龄组肥胖的影响.结论 父母肥胖可能是儿童肥胖的独立危险因素,且关联存在性别、年龄差异.父母生活行为对儿童具有重要影响,对儿童肥胖的预防或干预应重视家庭环境因素.     

青岛市李沧区学龄前儿童肥胖流行情况及与体质关系的研究

目的调查青岛市李沧区学龄前儿童肥胖流行情况,分析其与儿童体质间的关联。方法采用分层与整群相结合的抽样方法,依据《国民体质测定标准手册(幼儿部分)》对青岛市李沧区37所幼儿园共6647名4~6岁学龄前儿童进行调查。结果调查对象肥胖率为12.9%,其中男童12.4%、女童13.6%,肥胖水平随年龄增大上升趋势不明显(χ~2=3.02,P≥0.05);公、私立幼儿园肥胖率分别为14.7%和11.4%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=16.210,P0.01),公、私立幼儿园6岁~年龄段肥胖率差异明显,有统计学意义(17.0%vs 9.8%,χ~2=22.976,P0.01)。无论男女,除坐位体前屈和网球掷远外,各个方面均表现出体重正常儿童优于肥胖儿童。结论青岛市李沧区学龄前儿童肥胖率较高,肥胖与儿童体质尤其是灵敏性、爆发力协调性和下肢力量相关的发育相关。     

合肥市区2～6岁儿童超重和肥胖现况分析

目的了解合肥市区2-6岁儿童超重和肥胖的现况,为制定儿童超重和肥胖的干预策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样法,对合肥市区96所幼儿园17 984名儿童进行体格检查,根据WHO标准评价儿童体格发育,用身高别体重评价超重和肥胖,凡身高别体重超过中位数10%-19%者为超重,超过20%为肥胖。运用EpiData 3.1软件建立数据库,SPSS 13.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果在2-6岁儿童中,超重儿童占11.89%,肥胖儿童占5.57%,随着年龄的增长,超重儿童有逐年下降的趋势（χ2趋势=23.068,P〈0.01）;肥胖儿童有逐年上升的趋势（χ2趋势=44.178,P〈0.01）,男童和女童的超重分别为12.32%和11.38%,无显著性差异（χ2趋势=3.740,P=0.053）;肥胖率分别为6.88%和4.01%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=69.629,P〈0.01）;超重＋肥胖儿童随着年龄增长没有增长或下降趋势（χ2趋势=0.007,P=0.936）。超重、轻度肥胖、中度肥胖和重度肥胖儿童的构成比分别为68.11%、20.23%、10.48%和1.18%。公立幼儿园和私立幼儿园超重儿童分别为12.65%和11.67%,无显著性差异（χ2=2.918,P=0.088）;肥胖儿童分别为6.73%和5.23%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=13.575,P〈0.01）。结论合肥市区2-6岁儿童超重和肥胖率比较高,部分超重儿童可能随着年龄的增长变成肥胖儿童;预防儿童肥胖应先预防超重,并且年龄越小越好。     

乌鲁木齐市高新区小儿肥胖症的发生状况分析

目的:调查乌鲁木齐市高新区小儿肥胖症的发生率及肥胖相关因素。方法:按照经济发展水平、班级等确定研究对象,共入选1 611名儿童,采用自行设计的问卷进行调查,调查内容包括儿童性别、年龄、学校性质及生活习惯等。结果:城市儿童肥胖症发生率为11.86%,明显高于城郊儿童的6.19%(χ2=12.86,P<0.01);男童肥胖症发生率为12.55%,明显高于女童的6.58%(χ2=15.47,P<0.01);6岁儿童肥胖症发生率为16.67%,明显高于其他年龄组儿童(χ2=19.98,P<0.01);早餐在家里、学校或单位食堂儿童肥胖症发生率分别为10.56%、10.99%,明显高于在其他地方进餐的儿童(χ2=7.51,P<0.05);周末写作业时间及看电视时间<1h的儿童肥胖症发生率明显高于其他组(P<0.05);儿童性别、年龄、学校的性质、周末做作业时间及吃早餐地点是儿童肥胖症发生的主要影响因素。结论:乌鲁木齐市高新区小儿肥胖症发生率较高,家长应联合学校共同干预,尽量降低小儿肥胖症的发生率。     

Child and parent factors that influence psychological problems in obese children

This study assessed the influence of child and parental obesity and parental psychiatric symptoms on psychological problems in obese 8-11-year-old children. Child psychological problems were measured using the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18, whereas adult psychiatric symptoms were measured using the Cornell Medical Index. Multiple linear regression analyses showed parental psychiatric symptoms were related to child psychological problems for six of eight problem behavior scales. Child obesity made no independent contribution to child psychological problems, and parental obesity was related to child problems on only one scale. The most prevalent problems were Anxiety/Depression for 15% of the boys and Social Problems for 20% of the boys and 12.8% of the girls. These results suggest a broader conceptualization of factors that influence behavior problems of obese children than their degree of obesity. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

儿童超重和肥胖与骨龄发育的相关性研究

目的 分析骨龄与年龄的差值(BAD)在不同年龄儿童的分布特点,探讨超重和肥胖儿童骨龄发育异常的相关性。方法 对2010年1月-2020年12月在首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院保健门诊体检的21 699名6~18岁儿童进行体格评价和中国人手腕骨发育标准(CHN)法骨龄评估。以WHO推荐的界值点将体重指数(BMI)分为正常组、超重组和肥胖组。比较BAD在不同年龄不同营养状况儿童的分布特点,探讨超重肥胖儿童骨龄提前的关键时点。结果 就诊儿童以6～12岁学龄期儿童为主。男童占48.6%,女童占51.4%。正常、超重和肥胖儿童BAD>1的检出率比较,差异均具有统计学意义(χ²=1 703.70,P<0.05),超重及肥胖组儿童BAD均值在多个年龄均大于正常组,6~11岁肥胖男童及6~10岁肥胖女童BAD均值>1。肥胖男童在6～12岁与13～15岁组之间BAD差异有统计学意义(t=9.47,P<0.05),且6~12岁肥胖组男童BAD均值>1。超重及肥胖女童在6～12岁与13～15岁组间BAD差异均有统计学意义(t=9.695、13.118,P<0.05),且6~12岁超重及肥胖组BAD均值>1。结论 6～12岁儿童的BAD明显大于13～15岁儿童,且超重和肥胖儿童的BAD明显大于正常儿童,说明超重和肥胖儿童骨龄加速在6～12岁就已开始,骨龄提前对儿童正常的生长发育及终身高的影响较大,应引起重视并给予干预。     

Infant malnutrition and obesity in two population-based birth cohort studies in southern Brazil: trends and differences

Prevalence of anthropometric deficits and of obesity were studied in two population-based birth cohort studies in the city of Pelotas in Southern Brazil, in 1982 and 1993. All hospital delivered babies in each one-year period were identified, and samples of approximately 20% were visited at home at around 12 months of age, totalling 1,449 children submitted to anthropometric examination in 1982 and 1,359 in 1993. Losses and refusals accounted for 20% of the children in 1982 and 7% in 1993. In this 11-year period, prevalence of weight/age deficits (below -2 standard deviations of the NCHS reference) fell from 5.4% to 3.8%, while that of weight/height dropped from 1.3% to 0.8%. Height/age deficits increased slightly, from 5.3% to 6.1%, while the proportion of obese children increased from 4.0% to 6.7%. The increase in weight at 12 months was due to a more rapid weight gain in the first year, since birthweights remained unchanged. About 10% of the children from the lowest income group had weight/age or height/age deficits, compared to 3% or less of those with a high family income. On the other hand, obesity showed a direct association with income, except for the wealthiest group, where the prevalence dropped, possibly due to concern among these families about the consequences of infant obesity.     

母亲孕前BMI和孕期增重与学龄前儿童超重肥胖的相关性研究

目的探讨母亲孕前体质量指数(BMI)和孕期增重与学龄前儿童超重肥胖的相关性。方法选取2019年1月至2020年1月于余姚市妇幼保健院儿童保健科进行儿童保健咨询的3~5岁儿童共300例为研究对象,回顾性收集母亲孕前BMI和孕期增重情况,采用多因素Logistic回归模型进行相关性分析。结果儿童超重肥胖的发生率为35例(11.67%),在校正性别、年龄等混杂因素后,母亲孕前低体重的儿童出现超重肥胖的风险降低,母亲孕前超重肥胖的儿童出现超重肥胖的风险增加,其OR值及95%CI分别为0.602(0.413~0.755)、1.822(1.370~2.424),均P<0.05;母亲孕期增重过度的儿童出现超重肥胖的风险增加,其OR值及95%CI为1.298(1.009~1.669),P<0.05,但是母亲孕期增重不足并不会降低儿童出现超重肥胖的风险(P>0.05);母亲孕前超重肥胖且孕期增重过度的儿童出现超重肥胖的风险显著增加,母亲孕前低体重且孕期增重不足或孕期增重正常的儿童出现超重肥胖的风险显著降低,其OR值及95%CI分别为1.575(1.031~2.411)、0.556(0.343~0.872)、0.411(0.233~0.719),均P<0.05。结论母亲孕前BMI超重和孕期增重过度均是学龄前儿童发生超重肥胖的影响因素,并且母亲孕前BMI的影响更加严重。     

Adipositas von Kindern und Jugendlichen

The proportion of overweight and obese children and adolescents in Germany and Europe has increased dramatically since the 1990s. About a third of obese preschool children and half of obese school children will become obese adults; the economic, medical, and psychosocial consequences are substantial. This article presents an overview of psychological risk factors and causes of obesity in children and adolescents, including comorbidity with psychological disorders, stigmatization, and relationships with peers, family, and other environment factors, as well as interactions between genes and behavior. Understanding risk factors and causes for obesity is the basis for adequate psychological interventions. We provide an overview of psychological aspects of obesity, such as motivation and impulsivity, and present components of cognitive behavioral therapy and modalities of intervention. A better understanding of psychological factors is necessary to achieve more effective interventions and long-term success of behavior change. This also holds true for changes in the social, media, and physical environment structures with the goal of promoting healthy eating and physical activity.     

Overweight and obesity at school entry as predictor of overweight in adolescence in an Arctic child population

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyse the changes in the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and in mean body mass index (BMI) among school children, and to analyse the predictive value of overweight and obesity at school entry to overweight and obesity in adolescence in an Arctic child population. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study. A database was created on the basis of files from health examinations. Data on children aged 5-7 years and 13-17 years and the subsample of children followed from school entry to adolescence was analysed. RESULTS: During the years 1972-2002 the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased significantly, and mean BMI rose by 5.6% at school entry and by 4.7% in adolescence. Sensitivity and specificity: Of the children being obese in adolescence, 56.3% were already obese at school entry; for the overweight children, 50.6% were also overweight or obese at school entry. Of the children with normal weight in adolescence, 91.9% were also normal weight at school entry. The positive predictive value of being overweight or obese combined at school entry was 59.5%, i.e. more than every second retained their overweight or obesity in adolescence. Only 10% of the obese school entry children had gained normal weight in adolescence. The negative predictive value for normal weight children at school entry was 91.3%. CONCLUSION: The study showed that during 30 years from 1972, overweight and obesity among school children in Greenland have increased dramatically. Overweight and obesity at school entry were shown to be a good predictor of overweight or obesity in adolescence.     

儿童单纯性肥胖症与肥胖基因表达产物的关系

目的探讨肥胖基因表达产物肥胖蛋白（ＯＰ）与儿童单纯性肥胖症发病及预后的关系。方法采用放射免疫分析检测３０例单纯性肥胖症和２１例正常儿童血浆ＯＰ含量,所有血浆标本检测前均经ＳｅｐｐａｋＣ１８Ｃａｒｔｒｉｄｇｅ提取。结果肥胖组血浆ＯＰ含量（１１８．５３±２５．０２）ｎｇ／Ｌ较对照组（１９７１４±２６８３）ｎｇ／Ｌ显著减少。肥胖组中有３例ＯＰ含量低于检测水平,３例仅为（１９．９±３．９４）ｎｇ／Ｌ。这些重度ＯＰ缺乏肥胖儿不仅身高体重指数、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量增多,而且综合治疗后有效率（１６．６７％）亦明显低于ＯＰ轻度缺乏肥胖儿（７９．１６％）。结论提示单纯性肥胖症儿童缺乏ＯＰ,肥胖的发生可能与此有关。严重缺乏ＯＰ的肥胖儿疗效差,预后不佳。     

Weight status and disordered sleep in preschool children,parents’ negative mood states and marital status

Short sleep duration has increased in tandem with rising obesity levels in all age groups. Research on parent mental health and its relationship with childhood obesity has been growing in recent years. This cross-sectional study assessed children’s zBMI (Body Mass Index adjusted for age and sex) and parent-reported children’s sleep behaviors, parents’ negative emotional state, and parents’ marital status in a sample of 4- to 5-year-old children. Eight-hundred seventy-seven parents answered the DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales) and CSHQ (Children’s Sleep Habit Questionnaire) and reported children’s height and weight. Children in the ≥ 85th percentile weight category had significantly more sleep behavior problems than children in the < 85th percentile weight category. Mothers of children in the ≥ 85th percentile weight category were more likely to be in the overweight/obese category and had more depressive symptoms than mothers of children in the < 85th percentile weight category. Single fathers had higher levels of anxiety and depression and their children had greater sleep behavior problems than fathers in a relationship/married. The findings indicate a difference between children below and above the 85th BMI percentile in terms of children’s sleep habits and parents’ negative emotional state.     

Natural evolution of weight status in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a retrospective audit

The life expectancy of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) has increased. A cross-sectional study of DMD patients showed that 54 % of 13-year-old patients are obese and that 54 % of 18-year-old patients are underweight. We aimed to describe the natural evolution of weight status in DMD. This retrospective multi-centre audit collected body-weight measurements for seventy DMD patients born before 1992. The body-weight:age ratio (W:A) was used to evaluate weight status in reference to the Griffiths and Edwards chart. At the age of 13 years, 73 % were obese and 4 % were underweight. At maximal follow-up (age 15-26 years, mean 18·3 (sd 2·3) years), 47 % were obese and 34 % were underweight. Obesity at the age of 13 years was associated with later obesity, whereas normal weight status and underweight in 13-year-old patients predicted later underweight. A W:A ≥ 151 % in 13-year-old patients predicted later obesity, and a W:A ≤ 126·5 % predicted later underweight. Our audit provides the first longitudinal information about the spontaneous outcome of weight status in DMD. Patients (13 years old) with a W:A ≥ 151 % were more likely to become obese in late adolescence, but obesity prevented later underweight. These data suggest that mild obesity in 13-year-old DMD patients (W:A between 120 and 150 %) should not be discouraged because it prevents later underweight.     

2007年长春市0～6岁儿童营养状况调查

目的了解长春市0～6岁儿童营养状况。方法采取分层整群抽样的方法确定样本量,测量儿童身高、体重,用2006年WHO推荐的生长发育标准进行评价。卡方检验分析方法。结果长春市0～6岁儿童体重低下率为2.1%,发育迟缓率为5.86%,肥胖率为9.32%。不同年龄儿童的发育迟缓率、体重低下率和肥胖率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。3岁组儿童发育迟缓率最高,为9.86%;4岁组儿童体重低下率最高,为5.50%;0岁组儿童肥胖率最高,为14.20%。不同性别儿童的发育迟缓率、体重低下率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),男童的发育迟缓率、体重低下率高于女童;肥胖率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。城市和农村儿童的发育迟缓率、体重低下率、肥胖率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),农村儿童的发育迟缓率、体重低下率高于城市,城市儿童的肥胖率高于农村。结论长春市儿童的营养状况优于全国平均水平,营养不良处于低度水平。营养问题的重点是应遏制肥胖的进一步流行。应加强对家长进行幼儿阶段的科学喂养知识教育,培养幼儿良好的饮食习惯;不宜过早的在婴儿期添加辅食,以免婴儿超重;改善农村经济,提高农村儿童的保健水平。