碘油阿霉素乳剂导向栓塞化疗治疗中晚期原发性肝癌84例报告

作者自１９８６年以来用碘油阿霉素乳剂（Ａ／Ｌ）导向栓塞化疗治疗中晚期肝癌８４例，并与采用肝动脉或合并门静脉灌注阿霉素的对照组２４例进行比较。结果表明，治疗组症状改善率达８６．１％，ＡＦＰ下降率达７５％，肿瘤缩小率达７９．２％。治疗后平均生存期为１０．３月，明显优于对照组（５．６月）（Ｐ＜０．００１）。半年及１、２、３年累计生存率分别为８９．３％、４３．４％、１３．５％和３．８％，均明显高于对照组（半年５１．２％、１年１１．５％，无２年以上生存者）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。其中３例难以切除之肝癌经本法治疗后获得二期切除，术后生存期明显延长。Ａ／Ｌ灌注后合并明胶海绵中央栓塞的治疗方案可以提高单纯Ａ／Ｌ灌注化疗的疗效。肝癌切除后再插管栓塞化疗不仅可以巩固治疗效果，而且便于观察随访。     

原发性肝癌并门静脉癌栓的肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗

目的评价经肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌并门静脉癌栓的疗效和安全性。方法原发性肝癌并门静脉癌栓患者83例,其中53例行肝动脉化疗栓塞术(栓塞组),30例行肝动脉化学药物灌注(对照组)。对两组的疗效和并发症进行比较。结果经介入治疗后,栓塞组患者 6、12、24、36个月的生存率分别为97．8％、85．2％、45．8％、4．4％,均高于对照组(37．6％、5．3％、0、0． P均<0．01)。两组患者术后并发症的发生率差异无统计学意义。结论原发性肝癌并门静脉癌栓行经肝动脉化疗栓塞术较化疗灌注术的疗效好。     

肝癌用药物输注装置作肝动脉灌注的观察

本文介绍６６例中晚期肝癌埋置药物输注装置作肝动脉和门静脉灌注化疗的长期随访结果。治疗组２９例均为不能切除的肝癌；预防组３７例为姑息性肝切除术后。结果：治疗组中完全缓解２例，部分缓解１１例，轻度缓解４例，无改变１０例，病情发展２例，总有效率４４．８％（１３／２９），中位生存期１５月，二期切除率１３．８％（４／２９）。预防组中肝动脉灌注组无复发，最长已观察５３月；而３例门静脉主干癌栓取出后单作门静脉灌注者均复发，术后１、２、３年生存率分别为６５．７％、５０％、２５％。     

肝动脉、门静脉双管灌注化疗联合碘油乙醇注射治疗中晚期肝癌

目的 探讨肝动脉、门静脉双管灌注化疗联合碘油乙醇注射治疗中晚期肝癌临床疗效。方法 138例经病理证实的无手术指征的中晚期肝癌患者,分为两组进行治疗：（1）经皮下埋植式药泵经肝动脉和门静脉双插管灌注化疗组（AVPC组）80例;（2）经皮下埋植式药泵经肝动脉和门静脉双插管灌注化疗联合碘油乙醇注射治疗组（联合治疗组）58例。结果 AVPC组和联合治疗组的总有效率分别为12．6％和25．9％;治疗后获得二期手术切除率两组分别为2．5％和12．1％,差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05）;治疗后0．5、1、2年生存率分别为AVPC组56．3％、45．0％、21．2％,联合治疗组分别为81．0％、61．2％、39．6％,两组间差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05）,并发症差异无显著性意义。结论 联合治疗是治疗中晚期肝癌的有效方法,效果优于双管灌注化疗。     

肝动脉门静脉全植入式带囊导管化疗栓塞治疗肝癌

肝动脉门静脉全植入式带囊导管（ＩＰＣＣ）化疗栓塞治疗肝癌６１例（期３６例，Ⅲ期２５例），半年和１年生存率为８４．８％（３９／４６）和３７．０％（１７／４６），合并门静脉癌栓的１年生存率为２１．９％（７／３２）；根治性肝切除加肝动脉门静脉ＩＰＣＣ安置定期化疗９例，均存活１年以上，１年内复发１例（１／９）。     

经腹肝动脉门静脉双置泵栓塞灌注化疗治疗中晚期肝癌

目的探讨提高中晚期肝癌外科治疗的有效途径。方法回顾性分析经腹肝动脉门静脉双置泵栓塞灌注化疗治疗不能手术切除的中晚期肝癌３８例的临床资料。结果肿瘤直径５～１８ｃｍ,平均９２ｃｍ,皆为多供血型。巨块型２４例,结节型８例,弥漫型６例。伴门静脉癌栓１８例。肝动脉栓塞采用４０℃的碘油和明胶海绵微粒;化疗药物采用阿霉素（ＡＤＭ）,顺铂（ＤＤＰ）,丝裂霉素Ｃ（ＭＭＣ）和氟脲嘧啶（５Ｆｕ）。３２例甲胎蛋白值升高者治疗后１６例降至正常。肿瘤直径平均缩小４５％。８例行二期手术切除肿瘤,其生存期均在１２个月以上,最长已达３年;未行二期手术者３０例,中位生存期为９６个月。结论经腹肝动脉门静脉双置泵栓塞灌注化疗,附加局部注射无水酒精和热电疗法,是治疗不能手术切除中晚期肝癌首选而有效的方法。     

药物输注装置作肝癌局部化疗的并发症

本文总结６６例肝癌使用药物输注装置作肝动脉或门静脉灌注化疗过程中发生的毒副反应和并发症。毒副反应包括白细胞减少占４８．５％，血小板减少占３７．９％，恶心、呕吐、纳差占４３．９％。并发症有２９例，发生率４３．９％，内有急性胃十二指肠粘膜病变１０例（１５．２％）、导管堵塞５例（７．５％）、药液外漏４例（６．１％）、药囊周围积血、积液４例、药囊感染３例（４．５％）和导管移位、急性胰腺炎、肝动脉闭塞各１例。作者讨论了药物输注装置常见并发症及其发生原因，并提出预防措施。     

肝动脉、门静脉双管灌注化疗联合碘油乙醇注射治疗不能切除的原发性肝癌

目的：探讨肝动脉,门静脉双管灌注化疗联合碘油乙醇注射治疗不能手术切除的原发性肝癌的临床疗效。方法：138例经病理证实的不能手术切除的中晚期原发性肝癌患者,分为2组进行治疗：（1）经皮下埋植式药泵经肝动脉和门静脉双插管灌注化疗组（AVPC组,80例）;（2）经皮下埋植式药泵经肝动脉和门静脉双插管灌注化疗联合碘油乙醇注射治疗组（联合治疗组,58例）。结果：治疗后获得二期手术切除率为AVPC组2．5％,。联合治疗组12．1％（P＜0．05）,治疗后0．5,1,2年生存率AVPC组分别为56．3％,45．0％,21．2％。联合治疗线分别为81．0％,61．2％,39．6％,两组间0．1,1,2年生存率均有显著性差异（P＜0．05）,两组并发症率无明显差异,结论：联合治疗是治疗不能手术切除的原发性肝癌的有效方法,效果优于单纯双管灌注化疗。     

选择性肝血流双相化疗栓塞治疗中晚期肝癌

为提高中晚期肝癌的治疗效果。方法 １９９３年１０月－１９９５年４月采取选择性化疗栓塞治疗手术无法切除的中晚期肝癌２８例,其中肝动脉及门静脉栓塞１３例,肝动脉栓塞,门静脉化疗１５例。结果 １,２,３年生存率分别为６４．３％,２８．６％,３．６％。结论选择性肝动脉门静脉化疗栓塞治疗中晚期肝癌是一种可供选择的有效方法。     

使用皮下埋藏灌注器治疗肝癌导管并发症分析

目的 研究皮下埋藏灌注器治疗肝癌导管所致的并发症。方法 收集我院1990～2004年用该方法治疗肝癌患者共313例，其中肝动脉栓塞化疗234例，门静脉化疗33例，肝动脉栓塞化疗加门静脉化疗40例，腹腔置管化疗6例。结果 发生导管并发症共43例，发生率为13．7％，其中导管堵塞16例，导管移动、松脱7例，肝动脉胆管漏8例，灌注器皮下感染，皮瓣坏死12例，肝动脉插管与门静脉插管导管并发症的比率为2．6：1。结论 采用皮下埋藏灌注器治疗由肝癌导管所致的并发症，为数不少，应引起重视。     

肝动脉、门静脉栓塞化疗治疗不可切除的原发性肝癌

目的：探讨肝动脉、门静脉双管栓塞化疗对不可切除的原发性肝癌的治疗作用。方法：对19例不可切除的原发性肝癌患者采用手术方法向肝动脉、门静脉植入皮下埋藏式投药泵,术中即开始经肝动脉投药泵栓塞化疗,术后7－10d在X线监测下经门静脉投药泵栓塞化疗,以后定期经两投药泵栓塞化疗,术后观AFP的变化、Bus或CT检查并与同期3次以上的32例HACE进行比较。结果：双栓化疗组17例术后1月AFP均下降、3月下降为正常8例,84．2％的肿瘤缩小,6月、9月、12月、24月生存率分别为89．5％、78．9％、68．4％、31．6％,中位生存期17．1月,其中2例进行了二期手术切除。HACE组术后1月AFP下降10例、3月后下降21例,46．9％的肿瘤缩小,6月、9月、12月、24月生存率分别为71．9％、53．1％、31．3％,中位生存期11．2月、12月、24月生存率组间比较P＜0．01;两组均无异位栓塞。结论：皮下埋藏式投药泵肝动脉、门静脉双插管栓塞化疗术后给药途径简单、方便、疗效好、并发症少,是治疗不可切除的肝癌有效方法之一。     

Preoperative Portal Embolization in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The factors that contribute to the effect of portal vein embolization before hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma are unclear. Sixty-six patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were enrolled in the study. Changes in liver function, portal vein pressure, and liver volume after embolization were examined. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors that independently contributed to the effects of portal vein embolization. The acceptable volume ratio of the remnant liver was calculated from liver function and compared with the volume ratio of the non-embolized liver. No postoperative deaths were observed after portal vein embolization or hepatectomy. Serum total bilirubin and prothrombin time did not change significantly after portal vein embolization. In patients who underwent arterial embolization before portal vein embolization, aminotransferase levels increased significantly. The only factor that could significantly predict the atrophy effects of portal vein embolization was previous arterial embolization. The volume ratio of the non-embolized liver was smaller than the acceptable volume ratio of the remnant liver in 18 of 40 patients and increased over the acceptable volume ratio in all cases after portal vein embolization. Portal vein embolization induced atrophy or hypertrophy of the embolized or non-embolized liver sufficiently, even when the liver was dysfunctional or cirrhotic. The atrophy effects were significant, especially when arterial embolization had been performed before portal vein embolization.     

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目的　探讨门静脉区域化疗对原发性肝癌完全切除术后的复发和转移的预防效果。方法　 1997年10月至 2 0 0 0年 10月间 ,广州医学院附属第二医院对 4 2例原发肝癌手术切除后分别行肝动脉 (18例 )或门静脉(2 4例 )区域预防性化疗。结果　两组间的术后 1、3、5年总生存率差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ,门静脉化疗组的1、3年无瘤生存率显著高于肝动脉化疗组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　术后门静脉区域预防性化疗可预防和延缓肝癌切除术后的复发和转移。     

Selection criteria for hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and portal vein tumor thrombus

OBJECTIVE: To examine the usefulness of the authors' method involving preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization followed by hepatectomy. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The presence of portal vein tumor thrombus in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most significant factors for a poor prognosis. No standard therapy has been established. METHODS: Forty-five of 455 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (10%) from 1989 to 1998 were included in this study. These patients had gross portal vein tumor thrombus but no distant metastases. The 23 patients (50%) who had indications for surgery received preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization: 18 underwent hepatic resection and 5 underwent ligation of the hepatic artery or portal vein on laparotomy. Among the remaining 22 patients who did not have indications for hepatectomy, 10 received regional chemotherapy and 12 underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. RESULTS: The mean duration of survival was 3.4 +/- 2.7 years in the 18 patients who received transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and hepatectomy and 0.36 +/- 0.26 years in the 27 patients who did not receive hepatectomy. The survival rate of the 18 patients who received hepatic resection with preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization was 82% at 1 year, 42% at 3 years, and 42% at 5 years. Portal trunk occlusion by tumor thrombus, three or more primary nodules, an indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes of 20% or worse, and therapeutic choice other than hepatectomy were significant predictors of a poor prognosis on univariate analysis. Hepatectomy was the only factor that was significant on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Patients may enjoy long-term survival if they receive hepatectomy with preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, when the number of primary nodules is no more than two, the portal trunk is not occluded by tumor thrombus, and the indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes is better than 20%.     

原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓86例治疗体会

目的探讨肝癌合并门静脉癌栓(PVTT)的有效治疗方法。方法 86例肝癌合并门静脉癌栓患者行肝切除+门静脉取栓+肝动脉、门静脉双灌注化疗栓塞及生物靶向治疗。结果 1年生存率为90%,2年生存率为85%,3年生存率为35%;结论肝切除+门静脉取癌栓+肝动脉、门静脉双灌注化疗栓塞+生物靶向治疗是治疗肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的有效治疗方法。     

门静脉灌注化疗治疗肝癌伴门静脉瘤栓的临床价值

目的 探讨肝细胞肝癌伴门脉癌栓（tumor thrombi in portal vein,PVTT)外科手术后，门静脉灌注化疗的价值。方法 45例伴门脉主干或I级分支癌栓的肝癌病人，在行手术切除后随机分组，一组行肝动脉化疗，同时行门静脉灌注化疗（治疗组），另一组仅行肝动脉化疗（对照组）。结果 治疗组6，12，18个月生存率分别为85.1%,76.5%和47.2%。对照组为73.3%，59.2%和33.4%，两组比较差异均有显著性（P＜0.05)。结论 肝癌伴PVTT，手术切除术后，为防治门脉癌栓导致肝内转移复发，术中除应尽量取净癌栓组织外，门脉灌注化疗是有效的措施之一。     

Regional infusion for colorectal hepatic metastases. A randomized trial comparing the hepatic artery with the portal vein

To evaluate which site of infusion maximizes tumor response to regional hepatic chemotherapy, 25 patients were randomized preoperatively to receive chemotherapy administration via hepatic artery or portal vein catheters. Of the 25 patients, five did not have catheters placed due to extrahepatic disease, and one patient did not receive infusion chemotherapy. Continuous floxuridine infusion was given at a dosage of 0.3 mg/kg/d, alternating with saline solution every two weeks. The mean percentage of hepatic tumor replacement (36% vs 41%), mean serum alkaline phosphatase level (218 vs 179 IU/mL), and mean plasma carcinoembryonic antigen level (689 vs 563 ng/mL) were similar in both groups. Four (50%) of eight hepatic artery patients responded to treatment compared with 0/11 portal vein patients. Ten of 11 portal vein patients showed progressive tumor growth; nine of these patients were crossed over to arterial infusion. Three (33%) of these nine patients had an objective tumor response with the hepatic arterial infusion. This prospective, randomized clinical trial demonstrates significantly improved tumor response after hepatic arterial infusion compared with portal vein infusion.     

肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓的手术切除及疗效观察

目的 探索肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓（ＰＶＴＴ）手术切除的疗效及其影响预后因素。方法 总结近１０年１１１例肝细胞癌合并门静脉主干或第一分支癌栓的患者,均行肝癌联同门静脉左或右支癌栓切除或经左、右支断端取栓或切开主干取栓,其中２２例患者切除肿瘤及癌栓后行肝动脉和（或）门静脉插管。３２例患者术后经肝动脉化疗栓塞和（或）经门静脉导管化疗。另１４例ＰＶＴＴ患者仅行保守治疗（非手术组）,２０例ＰＶＴＴ患者行探查