CT引导经皮肺穿刺活检术应用于肺门肿块的并发症分析

【摘要】目的：探讨CT引导经皮肺穿刺活检术应用于肺门肿块检查的并发症及其危险因素分析。方法：回顾性分析2013年2月至2015年2月136例在我院行肺门肿块CT引导经皮肺穿刺活检术的患者的病史资料,对并发症发生情况进行统计,并对相关危险因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果：CT引导经皮肺穿刺活检术的主要并发症为气胸和出血,发生率分别为为16.9%、14.0%。穿刺次数（OR=1.036,95% CI：1.025～1.047）、穿刺时间（OR=2.015,95% CI：1.055～3.849）是出血发生的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）;年龄（OR=1.275,95% CI：1.125～1.445）、穿刺次数（OR=2.253,95% CI：1.026～4.947）、穿刺时间（OR=3.365,95% CI：1.232～9.191）、穿刺深度（OR=2.336,95% CI：1.154～4.729）是气胸发生的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：年龄、穿刺次数、时间及深度是CT引导经皮肺穿刺活检术术后并发症发生的主要因素,临床上需要引起重视。【关键词】 肺肿瘤;活组织检查;CT;经皮肺穿刺活检术;并发症     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活组织检查术后气胸发生的影响因素分析

目的 评估CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术后气胸发生的危险因素,以期最大程度减少术后气胸发生率。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年4月于第二军医大学长海医院行CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术的597例患者的临床及影像资料。通过Pearson卡方检验、连续性矫正卡方检验、Wilcoxon(Mann-Whitney)秩和检验对穿刺活检术受检者的基本参数、病灶因素、操作因素等进行组间比较,通过Logistic回归模型的系数估计及假设检验对以上数据进行单因素及多因素分析。结果 本组数据中CT 引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术后161例发生气胸,发生率为26.97%。组间比较结果：年龄（Z=1.9714;P=0.0487）、病灶长径（Z=3.8230;P＜0.01）、病灶深度（Z=2.1687;P=0.0301）、穿刺体位（ 2=29.1957;P＜0.01）、经肺（ 2=11.9667;P＜0.01）、经叶间裂（ 2=23.3530;P＜0.01）、经间隔旁气泡（ 2=29.9700;P＜0.01）。logistic单因素/多因素回归分析结果与组间比较结果基本一致。结论 肺穿术后气胸发生危险因素包括年龄、病灶长径（反向）、病灶深度、穿刺体位（俯卧位）、穿刺经肺、经叶间裂、经间隔旁气泡等。     

模拟定位机和CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检定性诊断价值的对比分析

目的评价模拟定位机和CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺部可疑恶性肿瘤的诊断价值并做对比分析。方法 126例肺部可疑恶性肿瘤的患者,60例在模拟机引导下经皮肺穿刺活检;66例在CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检,所得标本送病理科做细胞学检查。结果模拟机组活检阳性率95%,CT组活检阳性率98.5%。二组比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。模拟机组和CT组引起出血和气胸并发症分别为10%和13.6%、8.3%和12.1%。两组比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论模拟机和CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检的恶性肿瘤确诊率和并发症相似,均是一种简便、安全、并发症少、费用低、准确率高的检查手段,对肺部病灶特别是周围性病灶具有较高的诊断价值,目前已被广泛接受。     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检临床研究

目的 探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检的临床应用价值和如何减少其并发症的发生。方法收集2006年1月～2009年8月于我院行CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检的患者187例,就其相关临床资料进行分析。结果CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检诊断正确率为97．86％;86例患者出现相关并发症,并发症的发生率为46。74％,肺内出血57例（14．63％）,气胸31例（8．54％）,肺出血合并气胸13例（6．95％）,其中1例气胸肺压缩约15％,呼吸困难7例（3．74％）,咯血4例（2．14％）;导致CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检相关并发症的危险因素为较小的穿刺病灶（P=0．001,01t=4．518）、较大的年龄（p=0．042,OR=1．253）、较深的穿刺深度（P=0．028,OR=6．712）、病灶周围有肺气肿（P=0．003,011=5．726）、较粗的穿刺针（P=0．040,OR=12．483）。结论CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺部疾病的临床诊断具有重要价值,但应做好相关预防措施,努力减少其相关并发症的发生。     

CT引导下肺肿物的切割活检与针吸活检对比研究

目的探讨CT引导下肺肿物的切割活检与针吸活检的阳性率和并发症的差异。方法把确诊为肺癌的156例患者随机分为CT引导下经皮肺组织切割活检组和CT引导下经皮肺组织针吸活检组(每组78例),分别活检后比较一次活检阳性率和并发症。结果CT引导下经皮肺组织切割活检组阳性率为92.33%,CT引导下经皮肺组织针吸活检组阳性率为69.23%,两组阳性率比较差异有高度显著性(χ2=16.69,P<0.01),气胸和咯血阳性率差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论CT引导下经皮肺组织切割活检具有更高阳性率,明显优于针吸活检,创伤性小,并发症少,值得临床推广。     

不同CT窗技术对引导经皮肺穿刺活检价值的对比分析

目的:比较不同CT窗技术对引导经皮肺穿刺活检的临床价值。方法:选择2011年9月至2013年5月郑州大桥医院放射科收治的132例行CT引导下肺穿刺活检患者,按照不同的CT窗技术分成单窗(42例)和多窗(90例)两组,比较两组肺出血发生率、气胸发生率及穿刺阳性率。结果:多窗组肺出血发生率、气胸发生率及阳性率分别为10%、7.7%、94.4%,单窗组肺出血发生率、气胸发生率及阳性率分别为28.5%、23.8%、92.8%,多窗组肺出血发生率、气胸发生率明显优于单窗组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组穿刺结果阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:多窗CT引导技术可有效降低经皮肺穿刺活检术出血、气胸等并发症发生率,值得推广。     

螺旋CT引导下经皮肺活检术的临床应用价值及安全性分析

目的：探讨螺旋CT引导下经皮肺活检术的临床应用价值及安全性。方法：66例患者在螺旋CT引导下经皮肺活检术,分析病灶大小对临床诊断正确率的影响,病灶大小及病灶离胸膜距离与肺活检术并发症的关系。结果：66例患者中有60例得到明确的病理学诊断,经术后病理、临床治疗及随诊,最终临床诊断正确率为86.67%,大病灶（直径〉2 cm）和小病灶（直径≤2 cm）的诊断正确率分别为93.02%和70.59%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=5.307,P〈0.05）。大小病灶活检术的气胸发生率分别是11.36%和13.64%,差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.071,P〉0.05）,肺出血发生率分别是11.36%和22.73%,差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.473,P〉0.05）;病灶离胸膜距离≤5 cm和〉5 cm的气胸发生率分别为5.13%和22.22%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.277,P〈0.05）,肺出血的发生率分别为7.69%和25.93%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.126,P〈0.05）。结论：螺旋CT引导下经皮肺活检术诊断正确率较高,尤其对肺内较大病灶,其并发症以气胸和肺出血为主,与病灶大小无关,而随病灶离胸膜距离的增加而增高,其安全性较高,是值得推广的一种检查手段。     

320排CT双输入模型灌注成像在肺结节穿刺活检中的临床应用研究

目的 分析320排CT低剂量全肺双输入模型灌注成像(DI-CTP)血供分析在肺结节经皮CT引导穿刺活检的临床应用价值。方法 回顾性分析CT引导穿刺活检病例单发肺结节113例(直径1～4 cm),分为常规组(胸部增强CT)51例、DI-CTP组62例,比较两种穿刺方法的穿刺成功率、阳性率及临床符合率。结果 常规组对肺结节穿刺成功率92.15%(47/51)、穿刺活检阳性率8 2.3 5%(4 2/5 1),临床符合率为76.47%(39/51),DI-CTP组穿刺成功率98.38%(61/62)、穿刺活检阳性率95.16%(59/62),临床符合率为91.93%(57/62)。DI-CTP组穿刺活检阳性率(χ²=4.83,P<0.05)及临床符合率(χ²=5.23、P<0.05)显著高于常规组。结论 肺结节DI-CTP灌注参数结合灌注伪彩图为穿刺活检提供了直观影像学依据,显著提高了肺结节的鉴别诊断效能及穿刺活检临床符合率。     

肺周围型病灶应用EBUS-TBLB、CT引导肺活检的对比研究

探究常规CT引导、强化CT引导经皮肺穿刺活检,以及支气管内超声引导经支气管镜肺穿刺活检（EBUS-TBLB）在肺周围型病变的诊断价值。方法选取2012 年1 月-2014 年1 月该院452 例肺周围型病灶患者的临床资料。根据肺活检方法不同,分为常规CT 引导组180 例、强化CT 引导组132 例、EBUSTBLB组140 例,比较3 种活检方法取材满意率、肺癌确诊率、并发症发生率、敏感性、特异性、准确性及相关影响因素。结果EBUS-TBLB 组和强化CT 引导组在气胸发生率、咯血或咯血增大率方面低于常规CT引导组（ p<0.05）并且EBUS-TBLB 组气胸发生率低于强化CT 引导组（ p<0.05）;3 种穿刺活检方法敏感性、特异性、准确性均较高。影响因素分析：在常规CT引导组,病灶大小与气胸发生率及咳血或咳血增大率相关（p <0.05）,在常规CT 和强化CT引导组,病灶和胸壁的距离与气胸发生率相关（ p<0.05）。结论常规CT 引导、强化CT引导经皮肺穿刺及EBUS-TBLB均可作为肺周围型病变的诊断手段,其中EBUS-TBLB损伤小、安全性高。     

彩超与CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检在周围型肺部肿块诊断中的应用

目的探讨彩超与CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检在周围型肺部肿块诊断中的临床应用价值。方法将我院呼吸内科收治的89例周围型肺部肿块患者按照穿刺活检方法不同分为彩超引导组(n=51)和CT引导组(n=38)。彩超引导组行彩超引导下经皮肺穿刺活检,CT引导组行CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检,观察比较两组患者一次性定位成功率、一次性活检成功率、病理诊断明确率及并发症发生率。结果 89例患者均活检取材成功。彩超引导组一次性定位成功率84.31%低于CT引导组的97.37%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.00,P0.05);彩超引导组一次性活检成功率96.08%高于CT引导组的92.11%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.00,P0.05);彩超引导组活检组织病理检查诊断明确率96.08%高于CT引导组的94.74%,两组比较差异具无统计学意义(χ2=0.07,P0.05);两组均未出现血胸、针道转移、呼吸衰竭等严重并发症,彩超引导组并发症发生率11.76%低于CT引导组的13.16%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.02,P0.05)。结论彩超与CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检是一种安全、有效、可行的临床诊断方法,对于超声能显示的肺部肿块,建议首选超声引导穿刺活检,而肺内肿块则选择CT引导穿刺活检。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.