Comparison of serum creatine kinase and creatine kinase MB activities post marathon race versus post myocardial infarction

Serial total creatine kinase (CK) and CK MB activities were determined in the serum of seven runners following a marathon race and compared to enzyme activities in the sera from five patients following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In the runner's sera, total CK and CK MB activities were significantly elevated at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours post marathon race when compared to the 1 hour pre-marathon samples (p < 0.01). Serum CK MB activities peaked at 24 hours in both groups of subjects. The MB activities 24 hours following the marathon were substantially higher (91 ± 30 U/l; mean ± SD) than the MB activities 24 hours following AMI (46 ± 38 U/l). However, the percentages of CK MB 24 hours following the marathon and AMI were almost identical (7.0 ± 2.4% and 7.2 ± 2.3%, respectively). Furthermore, CK and CK MB clearances were significantly prolonged (p < 0.02 and p < 0.001, respectively) following the marathon race (T $\text{1}\text{2}$ CK, 49 hours; T $\text{1}\text{2}$ CK MB, 29 hours) as compared to following AMI (T $\text{1}\text{2}$ CK, 27 hours; T $\text{1}\text{2}$ CK MB, 12 hours). These results suggest release of CK MB from the skeletal muscle of marathon runners. Therefore, we recommend that elevation of CK MB in the range indicative of myocardial damage be interpreted with caution in long-distance runners.     

彩色室壁运动定量分析节段舒张功能异常在冠心病早期诊断中的应用

目的探讨应用彩色室壁运动(CK)和定量分析软件(ICKTM)检测左室节段舒张功能异常在冠心病早期诊断中的价值.方法运用彩色室壁运动(CK)检测24例主诉心前区疼痛患者和20例正常对照的左室节段舒张功能,通过定量分析软件(ICK TM)得到各节段的舒张指数(DI).24例患者同期行冠状动脉造影检查,CK检测异常者进行核素检查.结果20名正常人左室各节段舒张运动呈现同步性,DI分别为:左前降支供血节段(72士12)%,左旋支供血节段(76±11)%,右冠状动脉供血节段(71士12)%(P＞0.05).24例患者中12例经冠状动脉造影检查发现血管狭窄,狭窄相关节段舒张早期运动减低,DI较正常节段明显减低(P＜0.05).当以DI＜55%为异常标准时,CK检测心肌节段功能异常与冠状动脉造影和核素检查具有较高的符合率.结论应用CK和ICK TM定量分析软件能敏感地检测出左室节段舒张功能异常,为判断心肌缺血、早期诊断冠心病提供依据.     

Comparison of CD44 and cytokeratin 20 mRNA in voided urine samples as diagnostic tools for bladder cancer

ObjectivesWe evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of urinary CD44 and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) mRNA in comparison with voided urine cytology (VUC) for the detection of bladder cancer.Design and methodsA total of 136 Egyptian patients provided a single voided urine sample for CD44, CK20 mRNA and VUC before cystoscopy. Of the 136 cases, 111 were histologically diagnosed as bladder cancer whereas the remaining 25 had benign urological disorders. A group of 20 healthy volunteers was also included in this study. Voided urine was centrifuged and the urine sediment was used for cytology, estimation of CD44 by ELISA and RNA extraction. CK20 mRNA was detected by conventional RT-PCR and quantitative real-time RT-PCR.ResultsThe best cutoff values for CD44 and relative CK20 mRNA detected by real-time RT-PCR were calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve. The positivity rates and the mean ranks for CD44 and CK20 mRNA showed significant difference among the three investigated groups (p = 0.001). Quantitative real-time RT-PCR results were comparable to conventional RT-PCR for the detection of CK20 mRNA. The positivity rate of CD44 was significantly associated with schistosomiasis and urine cytology. The overall sensitivity and specificity were 52.3% and 88.9% for VUC, 63.1% and 88.9% for CD44, and 82.0% and 97.8% for CK20 mRNA. Combined sensitivity of VUC with CD44 and CK20 mRNA together (95.5%) was higher than either the combined sensitivity of VUC with CD44 (78.4%) or with CK20 mRNA (91.0%) or than that of the biomarker alone.ConclusionUrinary CD44 and CK20 mRNA had higher sensitivities compared to VUC. However, when the diagnostic efficacy was considered, CK20 mRNA by either conventional RT-PCR or real-time RT-PCR had the highest sensitivity and specificity compared to CD44 and VUC.     

Effects of corn stalk cultivation substrate on the growth of the slippery mushroom (Pholiota microspora)

Corn stalks are a major source of agricultural waste in China that have the potential for more efficient utilisation. In this study, we designed substrate formulas with different proportions of corn stalks to cultivate Pholiota microspora. The substrate formula for P. microspora cultivation that could partially or completely replace sawdust with corn stalks was selected through the analysis of mycelial growth rates, fruiting body traits, yield, biological efficiency, nutrients, and mineral composition. Our results showed that the substrate formula T2 (38% wood chips and 38% corn stalks) resulted in the highest yield of 275.66 ± 2.87 g per bag, which was 6.60% higher than that of formula CK, and the highest biological efficiency of 90.75 ± 0.04%, which was 4.58% higher than that of CK, with no significant differences from CK in terms of fruiting body traits, nutrients, or mineral composition. The substrate formula T1 (19% corn stalks) led to mushroom yields with the highest mineral and amino acid contents and was thus more suitable for the cultivation of medicinal P. microspora. Therefore, substrates comprising a mixture of corn stalks and sawdust can be used as a novel, inexpensive, and high-yield alternative for the cultivation of P. microspora.

Corn stalks are a major source of agricultural waste in China that have the potential for more efficient utilisation. In this study, we designed substrate formulas with different proportions of corn stalks to cultivate the Pholiota microspora.     

甲状腺实性结节超声造影与免疫组织化学分析

目的 探讨甲状腺良恶性实性结节CEUS增强模式与CD34、VEGF、CK19和Ki-67免疫组织化学表达的相关性。 方法 采用低机械指数实时灰阶谐波CEUS技术,对80例甲状腺患者的82个实性结节进行CEUS,包括甲状腺乳头状癌结节38个、髓样癌3个,结节性甲状腺肿31个、腺瘤7个、桥本病结节3个。术后行CD34、VEGF、CK19和Ki-67免疫组织化学染色。比较良恶性结节CEUS增强模式和免疫组织化学表达水平差异,分析其相关性。 结果 甲状腺良恶性结节的增强模式存在差别(P<0.01),良性结节78.05%(32/41)表现为环状增强,恶性结节92.68%(38/41)表现为不均匀增强。恶性结节的CD34、VEGF、CK19和Ki-67表达显著高于良性结节(P<0.01)。非均匀增强与CD34、VEGF、CK19呈正相关(r=0.39,P<0.001;r=0.26,P=0.04;r=0.54,P<0.001);环状增强与CD34、CK19、Ki-67呈负相关(r=－0.38,P<0.001;r=－0.59,P<0.001;r=－0.25,P=0.03)。 结论 CEUS和CD34、VEGF、CK19和Ki-67免疫组织化学染色有助于鉴别甲状腺良恶性结节。     

Machine Learning Modeling for Ultrasonication-Mediated Fermentation of Penicillium brevicompactum to Enhance the Release of Mycophenolic Acid

Described here is the modeling used to improve the mycophenolic acid (MPA) titer from Penicillium brevicompactum using central composite design and a comparatively newer, data-centric approach method k-nearest-neighbor algorithm. The two models for enhancing MPA production using P. brevicompactum were compared with respect to ultrasonic stimulation. During the ultrasonic treatment, we studied different independent factors such as ultrasound power, irradiation duration, treatment frequency and duty cycle to determine their ability to enhance the MPA titer value. The optimized factors such as a treatment time of 10 min (50% duty cycles) with a 12-h interlude at fixed ultrasonic power and frequency (200 W, 40 kHz) were used for ultrasonic treatment of a mycelial culture from the 2nd to 10th day of fermentation. Thus the production of MPA was improved 1.64-fold under the optimized sonication conditions compared with the non-sonicated batch fermentation (non-optimized conditions).     

Prevalence of superficial‐cutaneous fungal infections in Shiraz,Iran: A five‐year retrospective study (2015–2019)

BackgroundSuperficial and cutaneous fungal infections are common in tropical areas. The aim of this study was to provide a basic database of superficial and cutaneous mycoses and the most common etiological agents among patients.MethodsBetween 2015 and 2019, a total of 1807 patients suspected of superficial and cutaneous mycosis referring to the mycology laboratory of Shiraz medical school, Fars, Iran were evaluated. Specimens were taken from the patients’ affected area, and clinical samples were examined by direct microscopy and culture. The epidemiological profile of the patients was collected.ResultsA total of 750 patients were confirmed with mycoses. Positive samples totaled 750 cases consisting of the nail (373/49.7%), skin (323/43%), head (47/6.26%), and mucosal membrane (4/0.5%). The yeasts group included 304 Candida spp. (70.3%), 123 Malassezia spp. (28.47%), and 5 Rhodotorula spp. (1.1%). The filamentous fungi were distributed as 34.8% dermatophytes and 7.5% non‐dermatophyte. The clinical types of dermatophytosis were tinea unguium (110/261), tinea capitis (50/261), tinea pedis (48/261), tinea corporis (37/261), and tinea cruris (16/261). Non‐dermatophyte molds included A. flavus 17, A. niger 4, Aspergillus spp. 15, Penicillium. 10, Fusarium 6, Mucor 2, Stemphylium 1, and Alternaria 1.ConclusionThis study provides useful data for the study trends of superficial and cutaneous fungal infections in a specific area. The mycological data confirmed higher incidence of candidiasis (mainly onychomycosis) and dermatophytosis in patients affected by fungal pathogens, which helped to better understand the epidemiological aspects of these mycoses.     

胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤的CT和MRI表现：10例报告及文献复习

目的 探讨胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤(ESFT)的CT和MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析10例经手术病理证实的ESFT的影像学资料,其中4例接受CT平扫加增强扫描,6例接受MRI平扫加增强扫描.结果 10例ESFT中,位于腹部3例,盆腔、枕骨大孔区SFT各2例,右侧颈根部、左眼眶、左颞部皮下SFT各1例;7例肿瘤呈圆形或卵圆形,3例呈分叶状;8例边界清楚,2例部分边界不清;肿瘤直径2.3~20.6cm,平均(7.78±6.82)cm.CT表现:1例呈囊实性,3例呈等密度实性,其中2例可见坏死、1例见多发钙化;增强后3例肿瘤实性部分渐进性强化,另1例为早期轻度强化.MRI表现:T1WI、T2WI均呈低信号1例,T1WI等信号、T2WI低信号1例,T1WI等信号、T2WI高信号3例,T1WI及T2WI均呈高信号1例;3例T2WI可见线样或片状低信号;增强后肿瘤均明显强化.结论 ESFT的影像学表现有一定特征;T2WI肿瘤主体呈低信号或肿瘤内部多发线样或片状低信号对诊断ESFT具有较高价值.     

Diagnostic value of serum human Galactomannan aspergillus antigen and 1,3‐beta‐D‐glucan in immunocompromised patient suspected fungal infection

BackgroundThe prevalence of fungal infection (FI) in developing countries is high, but the diagnosis of FI is still challenging to determine, so it is needed evaluation of biomarkers other than microbiological culture, because the culture has low sensitivity, high cost, not available in every laboratory and needs a long time. The detection of human galactomannan Aspergillus antigen (GAL) and 1,3‐beta‐D‐glucan (BDG) on the fungal cell wall could be the promising biomarkers for fungal infection. Neutropenia, lymphopenia and CD4T cells in the immunocompromised patients are essential factors, but these cell associations with BDG and GAL levels have not been evaluated yet. The study aimed to evaluate GAL and BDG for detecting fungal infection and their association with total leucocyte count, neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte and CD4T cells.MethodA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 86 patient with suspected FI. Fungal infection established using EORTC/MSG criteria. Serology test performed using ELISA. Leucocyte cells were measured using a haematology autoanalyser, and CD4T cells were analysed using BD FACSPresto. Statistical analysis obtained using Spearman''s correlation coefficient, ROC curve analysis and 2 × 2 contingency table.ResultsSerum Galactomannan and BDG had a significant correlation with CD4T cells and total lymphocyte count (p < 0.05). The cut‐off OD GAL >0.3 had sensitivity 54.6%, specificity 87.5% and AUC 0.71; meanwhile, the BDG cut‐off >115.78 pg/ mL had sensitivity 71.2%, specificity 52.4% and AUC 0.63 for detecting fungal infection.ConclusionsThe immunocompromised patients can undergo GAL for determining the diagnose of FI. The lower the CD4T cells and total lymphocyte count, the higher the GAL and BDG serum levels.     

Clarifying the role of incretin-based therapies in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

BackgroundGlucose homeostasis is the result of a complex interaction of a spectrum of hormones, including insulin, glucagon, amylin, and the incretins. Incretins are released by enteroendocrine cells in the intestine in response to a meal. Incretin dysfunction, along with a number of other defects, has been implicated in contributing to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therapies that restore incretin activity may reduce the pathophysiologic consequences of diabetes.ObjectivesThe aim of this article was to review incretin physiology and studies of incretin therapy with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors that were developed to specifically address the blunted incretin response in patients with T2DM.MethodsRelevant English-language publications between 1995 and 2010 were identified through a search of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases using the search terms incretin, type 2 diabetes mellitus, GLP-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, and DPP-4. Review articles and preclinical and clinical trials that described relevant details of the epidemiology of diabetes and incretin physiology in health and in T2DM were selected for review and inclusion. Clinical trials were used to describe the clinical efficacy and safety of the GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with T2DM. An occasional systematic review article and/or meta-analysis summarizing numerous clinical trials of a particular agent was selected for summarizing key data.ResultsPharmacologic modulation of incretin pathophysiology by GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors significantly improved glycemic control, benefited β-cell function, improved dyslipidemia, and lowered the risk of hypoglycemia compared with insulin and sulfonylureas. Unlike the DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy also produced weight loss, an important consideration given the close association among T2DM, overweight/obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The most common adverse events with GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy included nausea (28%–44%), vomiting (13%–17%), and diarrhea (11%–17%), which generally reduced in incidence and severity with continued therapy. The tolerability profile of the DPP-4 inhibitors was very good, with the incidence of adverse events similar to that of placebo. There was a suggestion of an increased incidence of nasopharyngitis versus placebo (5%–6% vs 3%–4%) with sitagliptin and urinary tract infection (6.8% vs 6.1% with placebo) and headache with saxagliptin (6.5% vs 5.9% with placebo).ConclusionThe 2 incretin drug classes provided effective and consistent glycemic control with a good tolerability profile. These agents might also improve long-term β-cell function and either reduce body weight or be weight neutral. Their role in the therapeutic armamentarium of T2DM is evolving as their potential strengths and weaknesses become better defined.     

经直肠超声与体部线圈磁共振检查对直肠癌T分期的比较研究

目的比较经直肠超声(ERUS)和体部线圈MRI对直肠癌T分期诊断准确性。方法回顾性分析31例术前未接受新辅助放化疗的直肠癌患者,对所有患者均于术前1周行ERUS和MR检查、后行一期手术切除。以术后病理结果作为金标准,比较ERUS和MRI对直肠癌T分期的诊断效能。结果 31例患者中,术后病理诊断T1期7例,T2期6例,T3期18例。ERUS显示病变累及肠管长度约(28.18±13.30)mm,MRI显示约为(35.58±18.24)mm,二者差异有统计学意义(t=3.497,P=0.002),但两种检查所测得病变下缘距肛门距离、病灶厚度的差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。ERUS诊断直肠癌T1、T2、T3、T4期的准确率分别为93.55%,93.55%,87.10%和100%,总准确率为93.55%;MRI诊断直肠癌T1、T2、T3、T4期的准确率分别为87.10%,70.97%,64.52%和93.55%,总准确率为79.03%;ERUS、MRI诊断的直肠癌各期以及总准确率的差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 ERUS和MRI均为直肠癌术前分期诊断的可靠检查方法,ERUS对于T分期的准确性稍高于MRI。     

Evaluation of cytokeratin-1 in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

BackgroundThis study was undertaken to investigate whether serum cytokeratin-1 (CK1) could complement alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) to improve the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsCK1 was identified using western blot and ELISA in serum samples from 250 Egyptian patients including 150 with HCC, 100 with liver cirrhosis (LC) and 50 healthy controls. Multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA) and ROC curve analyses were used to create a predictive model including CK1 in addition to a panel of routine blood markers.ResultsCK1 was identified at 67 kDa and quantified in sera of HCC patients using western blot and ELISA. MDA selected a score for the prediction of HCC from LC patients based on levels of CK1, albumin and AFP. An area under the ROC curves (AUC) of the score was 0.87. The score showed a sensitivity of 87% vs 39% sensitivity of AFP at cutoff value of 200 IU/ml for prediction HCC. Absolute specificity (100%) was obtained to discriminate HCC from healthy individuals.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the use of a combination of score including CK1, AFP and albumin in clinical practice provides a non invasive and simple test that could increase significantly the sensitivity of HCC diagnosis.     

FSEIR T1技术在脑部肿瘤诊断中的应用

目的探讨快速自旋回波反转恢复脉冲T1(FSEIR T1)技术在脑部肿瘤诊断中的作用.方法 40例脑部肿瘤患者行MR SE T1、FSE T2、FAIR及 FSEIR T1平扫,再行SE T1+C及FSEIR T1+C扫描.比较分析各扫描序列对脑部肿瘤的诊断价值.结果与SE T1 相比,FSEIR T1序列的病灶检出率高(SE T1 90%,FSEIR T1 95%),代表图像质量的对比噪声比(CNR)和信号强度对比度(SIR)的值较SE T1高(CNR FSEIR T1=8.87±2.14, CNR SE T1=0.4±1.42, P<0.001;SIR FSEIR T1=1.45±0.006, SIR SE T1=1.02±0.004,P<0.001);在增强T1加权序列中,SE T1+C与 FSEIR T1+C序列病灶检出率均为100%;增强FSEIR T1的CNR和SIR的值均较增强SE T1时为高(CNR FSEIR T1=71.38±16.30, CNR SE T1=59.97±7.87, P<0.001;SIR FSEIR T1=0.43±0.003, SIR SE T1=0.41±0.004, P=0.004).结论 FSEIR T1是目前MR检查脑部肿瘤中较佳的T1加权技术,优于SE T1技术.     

Observation and measurement of applied anatomical features for thoracic intervertebral foramen puncture on computed tomography images

BACKGROUNDThoracic intervertebral foramen puncture is the key step for interventional therapy on the thoracic nerve roots or dorsal root ganglia. The anatomical features of the thoracic spine are complex, and puncture injury to the pleura, blood vessels, spinal cord, and other tissues may cause serious complications. The spatial anatomical characteristics and related parameters for thoracic intervertebral foramen puncture remain poorly understood.AIMTo observe and summarize the spatially applied anatomical characteristics for intervertebral foramen puncture on different vertebral segments.METHODSA total of 88 patients (41 males and 47 females) who underwent thoracic minimally invasive interventional treatment at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2019 to June 2020 were included. Computed tomography images of 167 thoracic vertebral segments scanned in the prone position were collected. The width of the intertransverse space (D_P), the height of the rib neck/head above the lower transverse process (D_R), the width of the lateral border of the articular process/lamina (W_P), and the width of the posterior border of the vertebral body (W_V) were measured. At the upper 1/3 of the intervertebral foramina, the horizontal inclination angle (α) from the lateral border of the articular process/lamina to the posterolateral border of the vertebral body was measured. The ratios D_R/D_P and W_P/W_V were calculated. The intervertebral foramen parameters were compared between segments.RESULTSNo rib head/neck occlusion (D_R/D_P > 0) was found in the intertransverse spaces of T1-2 and T12-L1. The incidence of occlusion for the upper thoracic segments (T1-5, n = 138), middle thoracic segments (T5-9, n = 116), and lower thoracic segments (T9-L1, n = 80) were 76.81%, 100%, and 82.50%, respectively. The incidence of occlusion for the middle thoracic segments was significantly higher than that for the upper and lower thoracic segments (P < 0.05). The incidence of > 1/2 occlusion (D_R/D_P > 1/2) for the upper, middle, and lower thoracic segments was 7.97%, 74.14%, and 32.50%, respectively. The incidence of > 1/2 occlusion for the middle thoracic segments was significantly higher than that for the upper and lower thoracic segments (P < 0.05). W_P was longer than W_V on T1-2 to T9-10 and shorter than W_V on T10-11 to T12-L1. The horizontal puncture angle (α) into the external opening of the intervertebral foramina was positively correlated with the segments of the thoracic vertebrae from the cephalic to caudal portion (left: r = 0.772, P < 0.01; right: r = 0.771, P < 0.01), and the horizontal inclination angle for T11-12 and T12-L1 was 90°.CONCLUSIONIt is necessary to identify the spatial impact of the rib head/neck on the puncture path of the intervertebral foramina and design appropriate puncture angles for different segments.     

Diagnosis and treatment of primary pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma: Report of Six cases

BACKGROUNDPrimary pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma (PEAC) is a very rare subtype of invasive adenocarcinoma, and there have been no large studies on PEAC to date. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain much more information about the clinical and pathological features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of PEAC.CASE SUMMARYAll clinical data of six patients with confirmed PEAC from 2013 to 2018 were collected, and data on diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of PEAC are discussed combined with all the associated literature. The mean age of six patients was 64.0 ± 5.6 (59-73) years old. Their clinical manifestations were heterogeneous, and during their disease course, there were no gastrointestinal symptoms. There was no evidence from colonoscopy or imaging studies to suggest digestive tract tumors or new metastases. The most commonly mutated gene was KRAS (50.0%), and the pathological features of the six cases were similar to those of colorectal cancer. CDX2 (83.3%) and CK7 (66.7%) had the highest positive rates upon immunohistochemical examination. In the associated literature, 252 cases were identified, and the most commonly mutated gene was KRAS (42.9%). Additionally, CDX2 (68.3%) and CK7 (85.8%) had the highest positive rates. Patients mainly received surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, immunotherapy was not included.CONCLUSIONPositive results for CDX2 and CK7 play an important role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PEAC, and immunotherapy or targeted therapy focused on KRAS needs to be further studied for the treatment of PEAC.     

MRT2加权成像与增强CT对原发直肠癌术前T分期诊断的比较

目的 比较MR T2WI和增强CT对原发直肠癌术前T分期的诊断效能。方法 51例经活检病理证实的原发直肠腺癌,术前其中27例接受常规MR检查,43例接受CT检查,19例接受MR和CT检查。用MR T2WI和增强CT图像对肿瘤浸润深度进行判断,并与术后病理结果对照。结果 MR T2WI对直肠癌术前T分期与术后病理的一致性优于增强CT(Kappa值0.72 vs 0.52,P<0.05),对原发直肠癌T1/T2和T3/T4分期准确率高于增强CT(88.89% vs 79.07%);MR T2WI鉴别T1/T2、T3/T4期肿瘤的特异度(94.74% vs 81.25%)、阳性预测值(85.71% vs 57.14%)均优于增强CT。MR T2WI对T1/T2和T3/T4期肿瘤的分期效能优于CT。结论 MR T2WI在原发直肠癌术前T分期评价中的效能优于增强CT。     

A serological investigation and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii among Iranian blood donors indicates threat to health of blood recipients

BackgroundToxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease in animals and human caused by the intracellular obligatory protozoan named Toxoplasma gondii. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sero-molecular prevalence and genotyping T. gondii among healthy blood donors in north of Iran.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 400 blood donors participated from all Blood Transfusion Organization (BTO) in Mazandaran province during October and November 2014. The blood samples were investigated for seroprevalence, DNA detection and genotyping of T. gondii using ELISA, nested-PCR, and Multilocus nested-PCR-RFLP methods respectively.ResultsAmong all of blood donors, 294 (73.5 %) and 9 (2.2 %) cases were seropositive for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies. T. gondii DNA was detected in 7 samples. Four genotype of T. gondii were identified in blood donors samples (Genotype ToxoDB#1, #2, #10 and #27), which 50 % of T. gondii strains were highly pathogenic.ConclusionsTaking into account survive T. gondii in blood transfusion bag, the high prevalence of T. gondii and existence of pathogenic genotypes in Iranian blood donors, it seems that T. gondii screening should be performed at the BTO to prevent complications of toxoplasmosis in blood recipients.     

正常臂丛节后神经MR神经成像术

目的探讨正常人臂丛节后神经MR神经成像术参数及其可行性.方法对30例健康志愿者行双侧臂丛节后神经MR冠状位扫描,扫描序列包括:常规自旋回波序列(SE)T1加权(T1WI)、T2加权(T2WI,TSE)、MR神经成像术(MRN),观察3种序列对臂丛节后神经的同层显示情况,并计算各序列图像对比噪声比.结果 T1WI、 T2WI、MRN对臂丛节后神经同层显示率分别为56.7%、53.3%、83.3%;对臂丛节后神经根与锁骨下束同层显示率分别为50%、46.7%、70%.MRN对臂丛节后神经的同层显示率,臂丛节后神经根与锁骨下束同层显示率明显高于常规序列(P<0.01,P<0.05),T1WI与T2WI序列对臂丛节后神经的显示率无明显差异(P>0.05).各序列图像对比噪声比分别为:2.04±0.97、2.11±1.01、23.68±5.93,MRN图像对比噪声比明显高于常规组(P＝0.000).结论 MR神经成像术对臂丛节后神经的显示率及对比噪声比明显高于常规成像序列,使臂丛节后神经显示成为高信号,可作为显示臂丛病变的常规方法.