女性生殖系统多原发恶性肿瘤

目的 探讨女性生殖系统多原发恶性肿瘤（MPMT）的临床特点。方法 回顾分析7例女性生殖系统MPMT的临床病理资料并复习文献。结果 7例均为双原发癌，发病率占女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤的1.86%。4例（57.1%)同时累及卵巢，子宫，7例均行根治性手术，2例失访，2例死于肿瘤，3例无瘤生存，结论 女性生殖系统MPMT并不罕见，诊断主要依赖病理学检查，MPMT只要及时诊断，积极治疗，预后较好。     

女性生殖系统多原发恶性肿瘤

目的　探讨女性生殖系统多原发恶性肿瘤 (MPMT)的临床特点。方法　回顾分析 7例女性生殖系统MPMT的临床病理资料并复习文献。结果　 7例均为双原发癌 ,发病率占女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤的 1 86% ,4例 (5 7 1% )同时累及卵巢、子宫 ,7例均行根治性手术 ,2例失访 ,2例死于肿瘤 ,3例无瘤生存。结论　女性生殖系统MPMT并不罕见 ,诊断主要依赖病理学检查 ,MPMT只要及时诊断 ,积极治疗 ,预后较好     

我国常见恶性肿瘤的发病趋势

了解恶性肿瘤发病率的动态变化，对探索恶性肿瘤的危险因素，评价防治效果以及制订防治规划具有重要的意义，国际上很重视这方面的研究。为开展这方面的研究，要求积累较长时期的、客观正确的、且在时间上可比的恶性肿瘤发病率资料，而这一前提恰恰是迄今国内工作小的薄弱环节。下面以上海和北京二个市区的资料对比问题进行分析和讨论。上述两地恶性肿瘤的发病趋势显然不能代表当前国内大多数地区的流行趋势，但至少可预示我国相当一部分大、中城市一些常见恶性肿瘤今后的流行趋向。一、常见恶性肿瘤发病趋势预测据上海市区1972年一1989年期…     

武威市女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤发病率分析

  目的 探讨女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤的流行特征，为病因假说提供线索，并对女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤预防提供依据。方法 通过建立恶性肿瘤登记报告制度获取发病资料，按《中国恶性肿瘤登记工作指导手册》介绍的方法计算中国人口调整率、世界人口调整率、世界人口截缩调整率、0～74岁累积发病率等统计指标。结果 2001年至2005年女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤年平均粗发病率为18.66／10万，中国人口调整率为15.46／10万，世界人口调整率为18.93／10万，世界人口截缩调整率为45.63／10万，0 ~ 74岁累积率为2.14 %。发病率有随年龄的增长而升高的趋势。女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤按发病率高低依次为子宫颈癌、卵巢及附件癌、子宫体癌、其他女性生殖器官癌、不明部位子宫癌。结论 武威市女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤发病呈上升趋势。     

江西省肿瘤登记地区女性恶性肿瘤发病状况分析

[目的]了解江西省肿瘤登记地区女性居民恶性肿瘤报告发病情况,为女性居民恶性肿瘤防控策略提供参考.[方法]对江西省肿瘤登记地区2009～2011年女性恶性肿瘤发病数据进行分析,计算女性主要肿瘤的发病率、标化率、顺位、累积率和截缩率等指标.[结果]江西省肿瘤登记地区女性居民恶性肿瘤粗发病率为141.04/10万,中标率为86.64/10万,世标率为111.23/10万,0～74岁累积发病率为12.40％.城市女性恶性肿瘤发病率高于农村.乳腺癌是城市女性居民恶性肿瘤发病首位原因,其次为肺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌和宫颈癌.肺癌位居农村地区女性居民发病首位,其次为胃癌、乳腺癌、肝癌和结直肠癌.[结论]乳腺癌、肺癌、消化系统恶性肿瘤及宫颈癌应成为江西省女性居民恶性肿瘤防控的重点.     

长乐市恶性肿瘤发病趋势与分布分析

长乐市是福建省胃癌高发现场。本文对１９８９至１９９８年长乐市恶性肿瘤发病率资料进行趋势面与流行动态分析 ,以其为研究病因及制定防治决策提供参考依据。１资料与方法１ １资料来源恶性肿瘤新病例报告资料由福建省肿瘤防治办公室、长乐市肿瘤研究所提供 ,死亡补发病资料由长乐市卫生防疫站提供 ,人口资料来源于长乐市公安局 ,各观察点（乡镇）的地理位置由长乐市行政区域分布图确定。１ ２研究方法恶性肿瘤新病例报告卡经编码、核对、剔除重复和逻辑检验等处理后输入计算机进行统计分析。标化发病率用１９８２年全国人口普查资料的人口…     

海宁市城区22年恶性肿瘤发病趋势分析

目的：观察近22年（1977-1998）各类恶性肿瘤发病率动态,为海宁市政府制订恶性肿瘤防治对策提供依据。方法：采用1977-1998年恶性肿瘤发病登记报告资料,对其流行病学特征进行描述性分析。结果：恶性肿瘤总发病率为169.41/10万,标化发病率为120.66/10万;前5种最常见恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌,肝细胞肝癌,胃癌,食管癌和直结肠癌,共占全部恶性肿瘤的66.41%;近11年91988-1998）与前11年（177-1987）相比,恶性肿瘤发病谱正在改变,如胰腺癌、膀胱瘤、肺癌等发病率在增加,而宫颈癌、食管癌,鼻咽癌等发病率呈明显下降趋势。结论：本组观察与分析提示,在近11年中,多类恶性肿瘤发病率发生了变化,胰腺癌等发病率有所增加,宫颈癌等发病率有所下降。     

女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤患者的护理与人文关怀

女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤及其治疗手段往往对病人的生活造成严重影响，女性生理与心理的特殊性使妇科恶性肿瘤患者需更多的关怀与支持，使患者能以平稳的心态面对疾病配合治疗；使晚期恶性妇瘤患者在尽可能少的痛苦中走完人生旅程。现将我科2001年9月～2003年9月收治的105例恶性妇瘤患者在施行临床护理与人文关怀相结合的整体护理中的体会总结如下。     

海宁市1977～2006年恶性肿瘤发病趋势分析

[目的]探讨海宁市恶性肿瘤流行特征及变化趋势,为制定肿瘤预防控制策略与措施提供依据。[方法]应用海宁市肿瘤登记系统资料,对各类恶性肿瘤发病情况进行分析。[结果]1977-2006年全市恶性肿瘤发病率133．11／10万,中国标化发病率为93．10／10万,世界标化发病率为115．80／10万：构成比前5位依次为：肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌、大肠癌,占全部恶性肿瘤的68．02％。1992～2006年与1977～1991年恶性肿瘤发病率上升了34．51％（P〈0．01）;上升幅度较大的恶性肿瘤有：胰腺癌、脑肿瘤、膀胱癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、大肠癌;与此同时,食管癌、宫颈癌则有所下降。[结论]近年来恶性肿瘤发病率呈明显上升态势,癌症发病谱发生了较大变化,提示今后肿瘤防治工作的重点应放在肺癌及消化系统恶性肿瘤方面。     

肥城市2002～2010年农村女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤死亡率分析

[目的]探讨2002～2010年山东省肥城市农村女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤死亡率及其变化趋势。[方法]回顾性分析2002～2010年肥城市农村女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤死亡资料,计算其死亡率、年龄别死亡率和死亡构成比。[结果]女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤死亡146例,居恶性肿瘤死因顺位第6位。2010年粗死亡率较2002年增加了121%,中标率增加了92%。年龄别死亡率呈双峰曲线。35～64岁截缩死亡率为6.34/10万。[结论]肥城市女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤死亡率呈上升趋势,积极开展生殖系统恶性肿瘤的早诊早治意义重大。     

上海市区恶性肿瘤发病趋势分析(1972～1999年)

目的对上海市区1972～1999年肿瘤发病资料进行统计、分析,了解肿瘤发病率的变化趋势.方法病例统一按照国际疾病分类(ICD-9)进行编码.根据人口普查资料中的性别、年龄构成用内插法和外推法估算各年的年龄组平均人口数.用世界标准人口计算标化率.发病率每年变化百分比,用对数直线回归法估计,并用病例数加权.结果 1972～1999年间,男性所有部位肿瘤标化率从250.0/10万降至214.8/10万,女性从175.3/10万降至163.4/10万.男女性结肠癌、胆道癌、肾癌,男性前列腺癌、多发性骨髓瘤以及女性脑和神经系统肿瘤的发病率上升幅度均达到100%及以上.男女性胰腺癌、直肠癌、非何杰金淋巴瘤、男性脑和神经系统肿瘤、女性乳腺癌、宫体癌、卵巢癌的发病率呈明显上升趋势.男女性食管癌和女性宫颈癌的发病率下降幅度达到一半以上,胃癌和肝癌的发病率也呈明显下降趋势,肺癌发病率在男、女性别中均变化不大.结论上述发病率变化趋势提示除了肿瘤诊断和报告情况的改善外,包括居民生活方式在内的环境因素的变化起着重要作用,需要深入开展流行病学研究,明确危险因素,提出有效的预防方法.     

Incidence and mortality of gynaecological cancers: Secular trends in urban Shanghai,China over 40 years

AimAppraisal of cancer trends is essential for future cancer control, but relevant studies in China are scarce due to a lack of long-term data. With 40-years of cancer registry data, we sought to evaluate secular time trends in incidence and mortality of gynaecological cancers in an urban Chinese population.Materials and methodsData on incidence and mortality of invasive cervical, uterine and ovarian cancer were collected by the Shanghai Cancer Registry. Age-standardised incidence and mortality rates were calculated for women aged 20–84 in urban Shanghai between 1973 and 2012. Age-period-cohort Poisson regression models were used to evaluate age, period and cohort effects. Overall linear trends, interpreted as the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), were derived from the net drift in age-drift models.ResultsOverall, cervical cancer incidence and mortality substantially decreased (EAPC = −4.5% and −5.5%, respectively); however, an upward trend was apparent among younger women (age <60). Uterine cancer incidence increased slightly (EAPC = 1.8%), while mortality decreased over time (EAPC = −2.4%). Ovarian cancer incidence and mortality both increased, although the increase in incidence (EAPC = 1.8%) was larger than mortality (EAPC = 0.6%). While cohort effects were most evident for cervical cancer incidence and mortality, significant age, period, and cohort effects were found for all three gynaecological cancers evaluated.ConclusionsThese secular trends in incidence and mortality of gynaecological cancers in Shanghai likely reflect changing risk factor profiles and improved cancer prognosis over time, and suggest new priorities and call for additional efforts for gynaecological cancer prevention and control for women in China.     

Incidence trends for cancers of the breast,ovary, and corpus uteri in urban Shanghai, 1972–89

Incidence data from the Shanghai (People's Republic of China) Cancer Registry were used to assess the temporal trends of three major female cancers during 1972–89. Rates for cancers of the breast, corpus uteri and, to a lesser extent, ovary rose over the study period. The increases in breast and ovarian cancer were most pronounced among women under age 50, whereas those for corpus uteri cancer were restricted generally to those aged 55 to 69 years. When considered by cohort year of birth, risk of breast and ovarian cancers rose among women born since 1925 and 1935, respectively, but little evidence of cohort effect was apparent for corpus uteri cancer. Potential explanations for these patterns are explored.     

Cancer incidence trends in urban shanghai, 1972-1994: an update.

Incidence rates for a number of cancers in urban Shanghai, China, have been changing markedly. Herein we update the trends using population-based data from the Shanghai Cancer Registry for 1972-1994. During 1993-1994, cancers of the lung, stomach, and liver were the 3 leading forms among men, with age-adjusted (world standard) incidence rates of 50.9, 39.2, and 26.5 per 100,000 person-years, respectively, followed by cancers of the colon (12.4) and esophagus (10.0). Among women, cancers of the breast (27.5), stomach (19.1), and lung (17.7) were the most common tumors, followed by cancers of the colon (11.3) and liver (9.4). Over the 23-year period, the rate for all cancers combined, excluding non-melanoma skin cancer, decreased from 247.5 to 215.2 among men and from 173.6 to 154.0 among women. However, trends for individual forms of cancer varied considerably. Rates doubled for cancers of the colon and biliary tract in both sexes, and they increased substantially for cancers of the brain and nervous system, kidney, pancreas, prostate, corpus uteri, female breast, and ovary, and for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Rates for cancers of the lung and rectum changed little. Rates declined by at least one-half for cancers of the esophagus and cervix, with notable decreases also for cancers of the stomach and liver. Some of these trends may reflect variations in diagnostic or screening practices, although changes in lifestyle and other environmental exposures are likely to play important roles. Further epidemiologic research in China is needed to identify risk factors influencing the cancer incidence trends.     

1973-2013年上海市徐汇区甲状腺癌发病趋势和生存分析

背景与目的：近年来甲状腺癌发病率的迅速上升引起了广泛关注,可能与生活方式、老龄化和诊断技术水平提高等相关。本研究采用41年的甲状腺癌发病和随访资料,描述和分析上海市徐汇区居民甲状腺癌发病趋势及生存情况。方法：甲状腺癌发病资料来自上海市肿瘤登记报告系统,发病时间覆盖1973—2013年,用1973年人口构成计算标化发病率,采用自然样条回归模型分析甲状腺癌发病趋势,平均年度变化百分比(annual percentage change,APC)计算采用美国国立癌症研究所Jointpoint软件,生存率估计采用Kaplan-Meier法。结果：甲状腺癌的病理类型以乳头状癌为主(69.8%),1973—1978年和2009—2013年女性标化发病率分别是男性的2.51倍和2.70倍,男性发病年龄为(50.04±14.71)岁,女性发病年龄为(48.57±13.65)岁。去除老龄化因素,1981年以来甲状腺癌标化发病率呈上升趋势,1981—2004年平均每年上升8.46%(95%CI：5.9%~11.1%),2004—2013年快速增长,平均每年上升20.30%(95%CI：9.8%~31.7%)。甲状腺癌总体预后较好,2003—2013年5年生存率达95.21%,10年生存率89.09%;41年生存分析显示,女性生存率高于男性(χ2=15.43,P=0.0001)。结论：甲状腺癌在徐汇区的增长趋势与上海市及其他发达国家情况相似,虽然死亡率低,但发病率增长迅速,提示进一步研究相关危险因素,为制定防治策略打下基础。     

哈尔滨市南岗区1992—2013年甲状腺癌的发病趋势

目的 探讨哈尔滨市南岗区甲状腺癌的发病率及其变化趋势,旨在为甲状腺癌的防治提供科学依据。方法 甲状腺癌发病数据来源于1992—2013年间哈尔滨市南岗区基于全人群户籍的肿瘤登记系统,人口数据辖区的公安户籍系统。计算甲状腺癌的粗发病率、中国人口标化发病率（ASIRC）、世界人口标化发病率（ASIRW）,发病时间变化趋势分析采用Joinpoint回归分析,计算年度变化百分比（APC）和平均年度变化百分比（AAPC）。结果 1992—2013年,哈尔滨市南岗区甲状腺癌平均发病率为5.09/10万,其中男性发病率为2.56/10万,女性发病率为7.64/10万。男性最高发病年龄在45~49岁间,发病率为5.49/10万;女性最高发病年龄在50~54岁间,发病率为17.33/10万。发病率AAPC为12.6%（t=3.9, P<0.01）,女性AAPC为11.7% （t=5.1, P<0.01）,男性AAPC为13.8%（t=6.4, P<0.01）。 结论 甲状腺癌的发病率不断增加,特别是2008年后呈现快速上升势态,因此寻找甲状腺癌病因,避免过度诊疗是甲状腺癌的防治方向。     

Time trends in cancer mortality in China: 1987-1999

A first analysis of time trends in cancer mortality in China at the national level is presented. Using a joinpoint regression model, based on data from a national mortality routine reporting system in China (CHIS), time trends in mortality for 9 major cancers are analyzed. Between 1987 and 1999, the age-standardized mortality rates for all cancers combined declined slightly in rural areas but have increased since 1996 in urban areas. The mortality rates for cancers in oesophagus, stomach, cervix uteri, leukaemia (except for urban males after 1996) and nasopharynx declined, while lung cancer and female breast cancer showed significant increasing trends in both urban and rural areas and for both sexes. Cancers of the colon-rectum and liver had different trends in mortality in urban and rural populations. The trends in age-specific mortality rates suggest some different trends in the younger population, which may presage future overall trends, for example, increasing mortality from cancer of the cervix. The observed trends primarily reflect the dramatic changes in socioeconomic circumstances and lifestyles in China in the last 2 decades. Tobacco smoking remains a major problem, with increases in mortality from lung cancer. The improvements in socioeconomic status, diet and nutrition may be responsible for the declining risk of some cancers (oesophagus, stomach and nasopharynx), while increasing the risk for others (breast and colon-rectum). Screening programs (especially for cervix cancer), and more available and better facilities for cancer therapy, may have helped to reduce mortality for several cancers. The large increases in the absolute number of deaths that resulted from the increasing and aging population are much more important in determining the future cancer burden than any changes due to change in risk, emphasizing the increasing importance of cancer as a health problem in the 21st century in China.     

Incidence and survival of cancers in the elderly population in Iran: 2001-2005

Objective: This study concerns the incidences of different types of registered cancers among the Iranian elderly population. The aim owas to estimate the 5-year survival of cancers between 2001 and 2005, according to elderly age groups and history. Since data on the health status of the Iranian elderly are non existent, these findings will, in part, fill the gap in geriatric knowledge in Iran. Methods: Data from the national cancer registry department of the Ministry Health and Medical Education (MOH & ME), which are pathology-based registration data, were used as the main source of information on incident types of cancers in Iran from 2001-2005. The coverage rate was nearly 80% of majority types of cancers and almost 100% of pathologically diagnosed forms of cancers in the elderly. Survival estimates calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. The survival probability was calculated for the overall cohorts, as well as gender and anatomical sites of tumor. Results: The highest incidence of cancerin five-year cohort was for skin cancer among the elderly population. The youngest aged group (60-74) years had high incidences (64.3%) of all types of cancers. Incidence rates of breast and thyroid cancers in old women were greater than in elderly men. In terms of survival rate, relative risk reflects significant association with gender (RR= 1.03; 95% CI: 0.84-0.95), P = 0.00. Conclusion: Based on the results in this study, the incidence of cancers in the elderly population increases with age. The mean age of the five-year survival cohorts was 88.2 years old. The incidence rates of cancers in old men are generally higher than in elderly wemon.     

Decreasing Trend in the Incidence of Stomach Cancer in Mumbai,India, during 1988 to 1999

The time trend in incidence of stomach cancer in males and females in Mumbai, India during 1988 to 1999 was ‍estimated using data collected by the Bombay Population-based Cancer Registry. During the 12-year period, a total ‍of 3657 stomach cancer cases (3.9% of all cancers) were registered by the Bombay Population-based Cancer Registry ‍of which 2467 (5.1% of all male cancers) were in males and 1184 (2.6% of all female cancers) in females. For evaluation ‍of the trend, we applied a linear regression model based on the logarithm of the observed incidence rates. The annual ‍percentage changes were also computed for the incidence rates for evaluating the time trend. A statistically significant ‍decreasing trend in the overall age-adjusted incidence rates of stomach cancer was observed during the period 1988 ‍to 1999, with an yearly decrease of 4.44% in males and 2.56% in females. This decrease was most striking in males ‍in the age groups 40-59 and 60+, and in females only in the age group 40-59. The probability estimates indicated that ‍one out of every 92 men and one out of every 187 women will contract a stomach cancer at some time in their whole ‍life and 95% of the chance is after his or her 40th birthday. The decreasing trend in the age-adjusted incidence rates ‍of stomach cancer in both the sexes indicates that there is a critical change in the etiology of this cancer. The findings ‍may provide clues relating to various life-style and environmental changes impacting on stomach cancer incidence.