先天性心脏病术后延迟关胸的护理

目的探讨先天性心脏病术后延迟关胸术患儿的护理方法。方法对28例行延迟关胸术的患儿进行伤口、体温、心功能等方面的监测,总结护理经验。结果28例延迟关胸中4例因手术后低心排死亡,其余24例在全身水肿减轻,循环稳定情况下行二期关胸术,延迟关胸时间2~5 d,本组除1例有伤口渗血,3例肺部感染(2例为革兰氏阴性菌)外,其余均无感染发生。结论延迟关胸术可提高复杂先心病的早期生存率。术后良好的监护能及时发现问题,预防和减少并发症的发生。     

婴幼儿复杂先天性心脏病术后延迟关胸的监护

目的 总结婴幼儿复杂先心术后延迟关胸的护理特点,从而掌握正确科学的监护方法,顺利度过心肌水肿期,维持良好的循环,提高手术成功率.方法 回顾分析37例延迟关胸的复杂先心婴幼儿的临床监护资料,主要病种包括大血管转位一期Switch手术19例,分期Switch手术5例,右室双出口3例,心上型完全性肺静脉导位回流4例,法乐四联症2例,肺动脉闭锁(室隔完整)3例.所有病儿均胸骨敞开,用塑料固定器撑开胸骨,切口用手术薄膜覆盖边缘与皮肤严密封合,切口内常规放置引流管,部分病人右室心外膜安临时起搏导线.术后严密心功能监测,重视切口护理,保持纵隔引流通畅,做好呼吸道管理,加强基础护理,及时营养支持,掌握关胸指征,全组病人均在术后12～72 h完成二期关胸.结果 2例术后低心排肾衰死亡,1例肺出血死亡,1例严重纵隔感染死亡,余均存活.结论 延迟关胸有利于婴幼儿复杂先心度过术后早期心肌水肿、低心排的高危期,但必须配合严密、科学、合理的监护技能.     

婴幼儿先天性心脏病术后延迟关胸的护理

总结了11例先天性心脏病患儿术后延迟关胸的护理方法,包括术后严密监测心功能、控制液体出入量,做好伤口护理、呼吸道护理及维持水电解质及酸碱代谢平衡.认为延迟关胸可提高复杂先心病患儿术后的早期生存率,术后良好的监护及护理能预防和减少并发症的发生,帮助患儿顺利康复,缩短住院时间.     

先天性心脏病术后延迟关胸患儿的护理

目的:优化基础护理,提高对基础护理工作的认识,在掌握专业知识的同时加强对基础护理知识的学习和基本技能训练,以患儿为中心,注重细节,提高复杂性先天性心脏病术后延迟关胸患儿的护理质量。方法:患儿延迟关胸术后全身抵抗力低下,器官组织水肿,注重全身皮肤情况的观察及护理;特殊部位的护理(眼、口腔、臀部等;加强呼吸道的管理);严密进行消毒隔离预防感染,同时进行营养支持,避免并发症的发生,减轻患儿痛苦,为关胸做好充分的辅助准备。结果:11例先天性心脏病术后延迟关胸患儿基础护理均到位,10例顺利关胸,1例因心功能衰竭死亡。结论:基础护理对于延迟关胸患儿尤为重要,提高整体护理水平是提高全程护理质量的关键。     

先天性心脏病手术后延迟关胸的护理体会

目的：探讨小于1岁的先天性心脏病患婴术后延迟关胸的护理体会。 方法：2008年1月至2011年12月, 5546例小于1岁的先天性心脏病患婴行正中开胸心脏手术,男2843例,女2703例;平均年龄5个月;体质量2.0~12.5kg,平均6.1kg。术前诊断包括大血管错位、主动脉缩窄、主动脉弓中断、肺动脉闭锁,永存动脉干、完全性房室间隔缺损、完全性肺静脉异位引流、右心室双出口、法洛四联症和室间隔缺损等。分析护理要点,总结护理体会。 结果：术后共有313例（5.6%）患婴延迟关胸, 男191例,女122例。延迟关胸的原因包括循环不稳定296例,出血11例,体外膜氧合（或左心室辅助）6例。小于5 kg患婴251例、占80.2%,新生儿84例、占26.8%,1~3个月患婴125例、占39.9%,延迟关胸的发生率分别为13.9%,34.4%和18.4%。复杂先天性心脏手术后延迟关胸的发生率高,分别为大血管错位（28.8%）,主动脉缩窄（17.8%）,主动脉弓中断（43.1%）,肺动脉闭锁（9.0%）,永存动脉干（30.4%）,完全性房室间隔缺损（6.5%）,完全性肺静脉异位引流（11.3%）,右心室双出口（10.8%）。46例患儿死亡,死亡比例14.7%。282例患婴于术后1~11天成功关胸,平均2.7天关胸,3例患婴第2次关胸方成功。伤口感染17例（5.4%）,4例（1.3%）需要清创。 结论：新生、3个月以内、低体重患婴,行先天性心脏病手术时体外循环时间长,尤其是复杂先天性心脏病患婴,术后延迟关胸的发生率比较高。术后早期加强心功能的维护,有效的呼吸机辅助通气和镇静,维持体温,积极预防感染,加强营养支持,减少并发症是护理的关键。     

30例复杂型先天性心脏病术后延迟关胸患儿的护理

报道30例复杂型先天性心脏病术后延迟关胸患儿的护理经验。本组30例复杂型先天性心脏病患儿,其护理要点包括:给予患儿强心、利尿及扩血管药物支持,并根据血压随时调整滴速,保证患儿血液循环稳定;根据患儿血气分析和血氧饱和度结果调试呼吸机参数,及时清除呼吸道分泌物,保持气道通畅,防止肺部感染的发生;保持心包纵膈引流管通畅,密切观察有无活动性出血;加强伤口护理、肾功能监测及营养支持。本组患儿3例死亡,其中2例发生严重低心排出量综合征,1例重度感染;其余27例患儿病情稳定后均行关胸术,患儿延迟关胸时间(2.5±1.6)d,入住重症监护室时间(14.0±5.9)d,经积极治疗与精心护理,患儿病情稳定后转入普通病房。     

45例婴幼儿复杂先心病术后延迟关胸的监护与护理

目的：探讨3岁以下婴幼儿复杂先天性心脏病术后行延迟关胸的护理。方法： 2017年1月～2018年3月共有45例患儿行延迟关胸,给予改善心功能,维持血流动力学稳定;行机械辅助通气,改善氧合和呼吸功能;合理镇痛镇静,维持循环稳定;密切监测切口和引流,纠正凝血功能;以及适当体位,预防感染,加强营养,适时关胸等措施。结果：5例患儿死亡,其余40例顺利关胸并康复出院,平均开胸时间为3.97d±1.67d(1d～10d),气管插管时间为9.51d±6.63d(3d～43d),ICU住院时间17.34d±10.79d(7d～60d),总住院时间34.51d±14.43d(20d～80d)。结论：延迟关胸可提高婴幼儿复杂心脏术后早期生存率,也存在一定的并发症,护理人员应强化相关专科护理知识和实践,促进患儿康复。     

复杂先天性心脏病患儿术后延迟关胸30例的护理

总结30例复杂先天性心脏病患儿术后延迟关胸的护理。护理重点为监测循环系统各参数,防止低心排综合征发生;监测心率、心律及心电图变化,及时纠正心律失常;严格控制24h出入量;密切观察创口出血情况,保持胸腔引流管通畅,预防创口和肺部感染;做好二期关胸的配合护理。30例中,死亡5例,25例治愈出院,随访4月~2年心功能正常。     

小儿先心病手术延迟关胸的护理干预

总结了目前国内小儿先心病体外循环手术延迟关胸的一般护理方法和注意要点,主要从术前护理干预、术中器械护士配合、术后护理干预三大方面进行阐述。认为延迟关胸是小儿先心病术后血流动力学获得改善的一种有效治疗方法,对于术后患儿进行呼吸系统、循环系统以及管道的护理,加上及时有效的治疗支持,能提高手术成功率并有效减少患儿术后并发症的发生机率。     

重症复杂先天性心脏病患儿术后延迟关胸的护理进展

重症复杂先天性心脏病（complexcongenitalheartdisease,CCHD）是指法洛四联症、肺动脉闭锁、右室双出口、大动脉转位、左室发育不良、右室发育不良、完全型肺静脉异位引流、完全型心内膜垫缺损、主动脉弓中断、主动脉缩窄合并心内畸形等心血管畸形复杂的疾病。新生儿先天性心脏病的发病率占活产婴的7‰～9‰。术后延迟关胸（delayedsternalclosure,DSC）,是一种常用的预防心肌水肿造成心包填塞的方法,近年来被广泛用于先天性心脏病手术中心。     

早期体位变换对改善先天性心脏病术后延迟关胸患儿肺功能的影响

目的 探讨先心病延迟关胸患儿术后早期进行体位变换对改善肺通气及氧合的效果。 方法 将 72 例在体外循环下行先心病纠治术并延迟关胸的患儿按照计算机产生的随机数字分为实验组与对照组。 实验组在术后 6h 采取左侧卧位 鄄 右侧卧位 鄄 仰卧位交替的体位变换,对照组采取术后 6h 仰卧位并制动,直至关胸。监测术后 6 、 12 、 18 及 24h两组患儿动脉血气中氧分压、二氧化碳分压、动脉血氧饱和度及机械通气氧流量,记录两组患儿机械通气时间、CCU 停留时间以及延迟关胸时间。 结果 实验组术后 24h 的 PaCO 2 低于对照组（ P<0.01 ）, Pa0 2 高于对照组（ P<0.05 ）;实验组患儿机械通气时间（ P<0.05 ）及 CCU 停留时间均少于对照组（ P<0.05 ）。 结论 先心病患儿延迟关胸术后采用左侧 右侧 仰卧位交替变换,可以改善患儿肺功能,缩短术后恢复进程。     

Effect of delayed sternal closure after cardiac surgery on respiratory function in ventilated infants

OBJECTIVE: Studies examining the effect of sternal closure on respiratory function have not been published, and currently there is little evidence to guide ventilation management immediately after closure. The aim of this study was to establish the impact of delayed sternal closure on expired tidal volume, respiratory system compliance, and CO2 elimination immediately after the procedure in infants who had undergone open heart surgery. DESIGN: Prospective study of respiratory function before and after delayed sternal closure. SETTING: Cardiac intensive care unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London. PATIENTS: Seventeen infants (median age, 2 wks) with open median sternotomy incisions after cardiac surgery. Data were collected between August 1998 and March 2000. INTERVENTIONS: Respiratory function was measured continuously for 30 mins before and after delayed sternal closure in paralyzed ventilated infants. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Four babies were excluded from the study because they required either immediate increase in ventilation after delayed sternal closure (n = 3) or removal of pericardial blood collection (n = 1). In the remaining 13 infants, expired tidal volume and CO2 elimination decreased significantly (p < .005) by a mean of 17% and 29%, respectively, after sternal closure. In five of the remaining 13 patients, the magnitude of tracheal tube leak increased by > or = 10% after delayed sternal closure, thereby invalidating recorded changes in respiratory system compliance. Of the eight infants in whom there was a minimal change in leak, respiratory system compliance decreased significantly (p < .05) by a mean of 19%. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the hypothesis that respiratory function may be compromised after delayed sternal closure and that ventilatory support should be increased to counteract the anticipated decrease in tidal volume. Extra vigilance should be applied in monitoring blood gases after delayed sternal closure to assess clinical responses to sternal closure or changes in ventilatory support. Accurate assessment of change in respiratory system compliance after any therapeutic intervention may be precluded by changes in tracheal tube leak during the procedure.     

7例复杂型心脏直视术后延迟关胸患者的监护

总结7例复杂型心脏直视术后因出现低心排综合征、创面严重渗血和心律失常等并发症致延迟关胸患者的监护.重点为密切监测血压、心率、中心静脉压及尿量变化,维护血液动力学稳定;加强呼吸道监护,避免胸腔内压力增高因素;加强心包和纵隔引流管观察;做好纵隔冲洗及手术切口护理,预防纵隔、胸骨感染和压疮发生.本组死亡2例,其中1例为顽固性室颤抢救成功后合并急性肺水肿、心衰而死亡,1例死于严重低心排,肾衰,其余5例患者病情稳定送手术室二期关胸,经积极治疗护理后康复出院.     

Management and outcomes of delayed sternal closure after cardiac surgery in neonates and infants

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficacy, safety, and patterns of management of open sternotomy and delayed sternal closure in infants who were left with an open sternum after cardiac surgery and to assess these patterns for possible correlation with outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review with statistical analysis. SETTING: Pediatric cardiac surgery service at a regional referral center based in an urban university teaching hospital. PATIENTS: All 128 patients <1 yr of age who were left with an open sternum after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass during the 4-yr period from July, 1992 to June, 1996. INTERVENTIONS: Procedures for managing open sternotomy and delayed sternal closure were analyzed retrospectively. No interventions were undertaken for the study. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Of the 128 patients, 14 (11%) died before sternal closure; delayed sternal closure was performed in the remaining 114. Of these 114, 13 died in the early postoperative period. During sternal closure, significant increases were noted in pulmonary arterial (from 21.1+/-7.6 mm Hg to 26.1+/-6.5 mm Hg; p = .006), left atrial (from 8.4+/-3.4 mm Hg to 11.5+/-3.7 mm Hg; p < .001), and right atrial pressures (from 7.3+/-2.5 mm Hg to 9.8+/-2.5 mm Hg; p < .001). In addition, mean airway pressure (from 7.4+/-2.0 mm Hg to 8.6+/-2.4 mm Hg; p < .001) and peak inspiratory pressure (from 29.3+/-5.4 mm Hg to 31.3+/-5.6 mm Hg; p = .004) increased. Sternal wound infection occurred in one patient. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed sternal closure is an effective approach to the management of neonates and infants at risk for hemodynamic, respiratory, or hemostatic instability early after cardiac surgery. Significant changes in hemodynamics and respiratory variables occur during sternal closure, often requiring adjustment of inotropic and ventilatory management. (Crit Care Med 2000; 28: 1180-1184) KEY WORDS: cardiopulmonary bypass; mechanical ventilation; postoperative complications; sternal wound infection; cardiopulmonary interaction     

43例新生儿完全性大动脉转位术后延迟关胸的护理

<正>心脏术后延迟关胸,是指复杂先天性心脏病术后暂不关胸,待心肌水肿消退,血流动力学稳定后再关闭胸骨~([1])。2006年5月—2011年4月,我科共收治新生儿完全性大动脉转位(TGA)患儿43例,所有患儿均术后延迟关胸(DSC),2例术后12h内突发室颤死亡,1例因急性呼吸衰竭术后8h死亡,其余40例顺利治愈出院。术后随访患儿心功能恢复良好,无并发症。