Association of apoE gene polymorphisms with lipid metabolism in renal diseases

Background and ObjectivesApolipoprotein E (apoE) plays a central role in the metabolism and homeostasis of lipids. ApoE gene encodes three major isoforms: ε2, ε3 a nd ε4 forming six phenotypes: E2E2, E2E3, E2E4, E3E3, E3E3 and E4E4. Disorders of the lipid metabolism and the homeostasis are frequently coexist in renal diseases. The association between gene polymorphisms of apoE and lipid metabolism were not consistent. This meta-analysis was performed to assess the association between gene polymorphisms of apoE and lipid metabolism in renal diseases.MethodsA pre-defined literatures search and selection of eligible relevant investigations were performed to extract and collect data from electronic databases.ResultsSixteen articles were enrolled for the analysis of association between apoE gene polymorphisms and lipid metabolism. Subjects with E3E4 had a higher total cholesterol (TC) than those with E3E3, and subjects with E2E3 had a lower TC than those with E3E3. Subjects with ε2, had a lower TC than those with ε3 or ε4, and subjects with ε4 had a higher TC than those with, ε3. Subjects with E2E2, E2E3 or E4E4 had a higher triglyceride (TG) than those with E3E3. Subjects with ε4 had a higher TG than those with ε3. Subjects with ε2, had a higher level of TG than those with non-ε2. Subjects with E3E4 had a slightly lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) than those with E3E3. E3E4 appeared to be associated with lower levels of HDL. Subjects with E2E2, E2E3 had a notably lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) than those with E3E3. Subjects with ε2, had a lower LDL than those with ε3 or ε4 ApoE gene polymorphisms were not associated with very low-density lipoprotein, and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)]. Subjects with E2E3 or E2E4 had higher apoE levels than those with E3E3, and subjects with E4E4 had lower apoE levels than those with E3E3.ConclusionApoE gene polymorphisms are associated with the expression of TC, TG HDL, LDL, Lp(a) or apoE.     

载脂蛋白E多态性与脑梗死及脂类代谢关系的研究

目的:探讨载脂蛋白E(ApoE)多态性与脑梗死及脂类代谢的关系。方法:缺血性脑梗死组110例,健康对照组60例。ApoE表型采用等电聚焦(IEF)电泳及免疫印迹(Westernblotting)技术测定,血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)采用酶法测定,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)按Fridwald公式计算,ApoAⅠ、ApoB用火箭电泳法测定,ApoE、脂蛋白(a)用ELISA法测定。结果:脑梗死组ApoEε4等位基因表达显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);脑梗死组TC、TG、LDL-C、ApoB、ApoE、Lp(a)水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),ApoAⅠ、HDL-C显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);脑梗死组各等位基因(ε2、ε3、ε4)之间血脂水平比较;含ε4等位基因者,TC、LDL-C、ApoB、Lp(a)水平高于含ε3者(P＜0.05),HDL-C、ApoAⅠ较低(P＜0.05);含ε2等位基因者,TG、HDL-C、ApoAⅠ、ApoE高于含ε3者(P＜0.05),TC、LDL-C、ApoB较低(P＜0.05)。结论:ApoEε4等位基因与脑梗死发病有关,ε2、ε4等位基因与脑硬死患者的脂类代谢改变有关。     

RFC-1基因多态性与急性脑梗塞的相关性研究

目的 对CRF-1基因多态性与急性脑梗塞的相关性进行初步研究,旨在为急性脑梗塞的临床预防提高一定的科学数据和临床参考.方法 随机抽取100例急性脑梗塞患者为ACI组,同期与ACI组患者年龄、性别以及生活习惯大致相同的健康体检者50人为对照组,留取5 ml空腹静脉血进行RFC-1的基因及血浆半胱氨酸检测.结果 ① ACI组中血浆Hcy水平较健康对照组显著性升高,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).根据对照组血浆Hcy水平的四分位数进行分级,结果显示随着血浆Hcy水平的升高,急性脑梗塞的危险逐渐增加,并呈现出一定的剂量效应关系.② 经Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验发现,RFC-1基因位点在两组中均无统计学意义(χ2=4.4288、0.11;P=0.6877、0.71).③ 两组RFC-1基因及等位基因频率比较,在ACI组中3种基因的频率依次为25 %、39 %及36 %,健康对照组依次为:40 %、42 %及18 %,两者相比具有统计学差异.等位基因频率的比较中也发现G出现显著高于A,具有统计学差异.④ 在RFC-1基因多态性与急性脑梗塞之间的关系分析中发现,携带GG基因型的者较携带AA型基因者患急性脑梗塞的风险显著升高(OR=2.95,95 % CI:1.25~6.05);而AG基因型对急性脑梗塞患者无影响.为了进一步分析,我们将AA和AG基因型者合并分析,结果发现携带GG基因者患急性脑梗塞的风险仍然升高2.15倍,但对急性脑梗塞患病危险无显著性差异.⑤ 血浆Hcy与RFC-1基因的交互作用和急性脑梗塞易感性的分析中发现,与Hcy正常且携带A等位基因者相比,RFC-1纯合突变者患有急性脑梗塞的危险升高3.69倍,单独高Hcy血症患者危险升高2.98倍,正常Hcy水平但携带GG型基因者风险升高3.17倍.在Logisitic回归模型中,Hcy与RFC-1的交互作用不明显.结论 ① RFC-1基因的80号位点A→G的突变可能对血浆同型半胱氨酸浓度产生影响.② RFC-1基因多态性与急性脑梗塞的易感性,改基因的纯合子突变大大增加了本病发生的风险.     

Correlation between cerebral blood volume and cerebral blood flow in the cat

Summary Blood flow and blood volume were measured simultaneously in the same cerebral region in anaesthetized cats with controlled respiration. The measurements were made with the same scintillation-detector, using the freely diffusible indicator ¹³³ Xenon for flow determinations and the intra-vascular indicator RISA (¹³¹I) for volume recordings. A very high correlation was found between volume and flow changes (r = .96, p < 0.001). This finding indicates that variations of regional cerebral blood volume are accompanied by proportional blood flow changes.Attaché de recherche au C.N.R.S., Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Hopital Henri Rouselle, Paris, France.     

急性脑梗死患者血清Lp（a）、CRP、D-D、FG含量及临床意义

目的：探讨急性脑梗死与血中脂蛋白（a）[Lp（a）]以及C反应蛋白（CRP）、D-二聚体（D-D）和纤维蛋白原（FG）的关系。方法：在我院住院治疗的急性脑梗死患者335例,于入院次日清晨抽血检测其Lp（a）、CRP、D-D、FG的含量。同时选择性别和年龄相似的健康查体者作为对照组。比较不同梗死面积的急性脑梗死患者血液中Lp（a）、CRP、D-D、FG的水平。结果：①急性脑梗死组Lp（a）、CRP、D-D、FG的值分别为（425.13±85.11）mg/L、（16.32±5.21）mg/L、（285.11±116.33）ng/ml、（7.11±3.26）g/L,与对照组比较差异有显著性（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。②不同梗死面积的急性脑梗死患者组间Lp（a）、CRP、D-D、FG的水平呈现大梗死灶〉小梗死灶〉腔隙性梗死的趋势,差异具有显著性（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：急性脑梗死的发生发展与血液中Lp（a）、CRP、D-D、FG的水平关系密切,Lp（a）、CRP、D-D、FG水平越高提示梗死面积越大,病情严重。Lp（a）、CRP、D-D、FG可作为急性脑梗死的危险因素,并可预测患者的梗死面积、病情严重程度。     

急性脑梗死患者治疗前后血浆Hcy和血清脂联素检测的临床意义

目的：探讨急性脑梗死患者治疗前后血浆Hcy和血清脂联素水平的变化及临床意义。方法：应用放射免疫分析和ELISA对36例急性脑梗死患者进行了血浆Hcy和血清脂联素的测定,并与35名正常健康人作比较。结果：在治疗前血浆Hcy水平非常显著高于正常人组（P〈0.01）,而血清脂联素水平则非常显著低于正常人组（P〈0.01）,经3个月治疗后,血浆Hcy水平和血清脂联素水平与正常人比较仍有显著差异（P〈0.05）,血浆Hcy水平与血清脂联素水平呈明显的负相关（r=-0.4021,P〈0.05）。结论：检测急性脑梗死患者血浆Hcy和血清脂联素水平的变化对了解病情、观察预后均有重要的临床价值。     

纤维蛋白原及相关基因多态性与脑梗塞类型的关系

目的 研究纤维蛋白原（fibrinogen，Vg）浓度、分子聚合功能及FgBβ—148、448基因多态性与脑梗塞类型的关系。方法 采用病例对照研究，应用聚合酶链反应-限制性酶切法进行基因多态性分析，并测定血浆Fg浓度及其分子聚合功能参数。结果 FgBβ-148变异基因型人群脑动脉主干支梗塞组血浆Fg浓度高于脑动脉穿通支梗塞组及对照组；448变异基因人群脑动脉主干支梗塞组Fg浓度、纤维蛋白单体聚合速率／最大吸光度、纤维蛋白单体聚合速率高于对照组，Fg浓度高于脑动脉穿通支梗塞组。结论 FgBβ-148、448基因型发生变异后可通过影响Fg浓度而使此人群发生脑动脉主干支梗塞组的危险性升高。     

急性脑梗死患者治疗前后血浆Hcy和血清GST检测的临床意义

目的：探讨了急性脑梗死患者治疗前后血浆Hey和血清谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）水平的变化及意义。方法：应用RIA检测血浆Hey水平,酶联免疫分析检测血清GST水平,对32例急性脑梗死患者进行了Hey和GST测定,并与35名正常健康人作比较。结果：在治疗前血浆Hey水平非常显著地高于正常人组（P〈0．01）,而血清GST水平非常显著地低于正常人组（P〈0．01）,经3个月治疗后,血浆Hey水平和血清GST水平与正常人比较仍有显著性差异（P〈0．05）,血浆Hey水平与GST水平呈明显负相关（r=-0．4125,P〈0．05）。结论：检测急性脑梗死患者血浆Hey和血清GST水平的变化对了解病情、观察预后均有重要的临床价值。     

急性脑梗死患者血浆D-D变化及其与Hcy的关系

目的：研究血浆D-二聚体（D-D）水平和同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平分别在脑梗死和脑出血患者中的临床意义及其两者之间的相关关系。方法：对397例脑梗死患者和122例脑出血患者分别应用全自动化学发光分析仪（ASCl80SE）测定血浆Hcy和应用ELISA双抗体夹心法测定血浆D-D,并分析两者之间的相关关系。结果：①脑梗死患者的血浆D-D为（5.20±0.92）μg/L,Hcy为（21.23±13.54）μmol/L,均显著高于脑出血患者和对照组。②脑梗死组中D-D增高101例（25.4%）,Hcy增高140例（35.3%）,分别高于脑出血组中的17例（13.9%）和27例（22.1%）,均为P〈0.01。③脑梗死患者的血浆D-D和Hcy水平之间r=-0.0185,P〉0.05;而脑出血组为r=0.0742,P〉0.05。④脑梗死患者的血浆D-D水平无性别和年龄差异。血浆Hcy水平男性高于女性,但无年龄差异。结论：脑梗死患者的血浆D-D和Hcy水平均明显增高,但两者之间无相关性。     

ACI患者治疗前后血清Hcy、FG和ADP检测的临床意义

目的:探讨了急性脑梗死(ACI)患者治疗前后血清Hcy、纤维蛋白原(FG)和脂联素(ADP)水平的变化及临床意义.方法:应用酶联法和生化法对32例ACI患者进行了治疗前后血清Hcy、FG和ADP测定,并与35名正常健康人作比较.结果:ACI患者在治疗前血清Hcy、FG水平非常显著地高于正常人组(P＜0.01),而血清A...     

丁苯酞联合阿托伐他汀短期治疗对老年脑梗死患者血脂的影响

目的：探讨丁苯酞联合阿托伐他汀短期治疗对高龄老年脑梗死患者血脂水平的影响。方法：收集筛选我院神经内科2012年7月至2014年6月入院治疗的高龄老年(≥80岁)脑梗死病例200例,按治疗方法分为2组：他汀组：98例,予阿托伐他汀降脂、抗血小板药物改善脑循环等综合治疗;丁苯酞+他汀组：102例,在他汀组的治疗基础上加用丁苯酞治疗。检测2组患者治疗1周前后的血脂生化指标水平,分析丁苯酞联合阿托伐他汀短期治疗对高龄脑梗死患者血脂水平的影响。结果：他汀组治疗后的总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)水平显著降低(P<0.05),三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和脂蛋白a[lipoprotein (a),Lp(a)]水平治疗前后无显著变化(P>0.05);丁苯酞+他汀组治疗后的TG、TC、LDL水平显著降低(P<0.05),HDL、Lp(a)水平无显著变化(P>0.05);丁苯酞+他汀组TG、TC、LDL水平降低的幅度显著高于他汀组(P<0.05)。结论：丁苯酞联合阿托伐他汀短期治疗可显著改善高龄老年脑梗死患者的TG、TC、LDL水平,而对HDL、Lp(a)水平无显著影响。     

血清小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇检测对预测脑梗死患者预后评估的价值

目的 探究血清小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇检测对预测脑梗死患者预后评估的价值。方法 将我院收治的30例脑梗死患者作为研究对象,分别对其进行血清小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（sdLDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）以及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）的检测,根据患者治疗后情况将其分为预后良好组（n=13）和预后不良组（n=17）,比较两组各血清指标,并使用Logistic多元回归分析脑梗死患者预后影响因素。结果 预后良好组sdLDL-C、LDL-C低于预后不良组,HDL-C高于预后不良组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。Logistic多因素回归分析表明,sdLDL-C是脑梗死患者预后的高危因素。结论 脑梗死患者进行血清小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的检测,有利于疾病的病因分析及预后评估。     

脂蛋白脂酶Ser447Ter基因多态性与动脉硬化性脑梗死的相关研究

目的研究脂蛋白脂酶（lipoprotein lipase，LPL）Ser447Ter基因多态性与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死（atherosclerotic cerebral infarction, CI）发病的关系及其对血脂水平、颈动脉斑块的影响。方法对166例CI患者及72名健康成人采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法检测LPL-Ser447Ter基因多态性，颈动脉超声多普勒检查颈总动脉内膜中层厚度（intima-media thickness，IMT）和颈动脉斑块（carotid artery plaque，CAP）的形状及大小。结果CI组CG＋GG基因型甘油三酯（triglyceride，TG）含量比CC基因型明显降低（P=0．1301），高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein cholesterol，HDL-C）含量明显增高（P=0．007）；对照组CG＋GG基因型TG含量比CC基因型低（P=0．041）；CI组G等位基因频率低于对照组（P=0．014）；LPLSer447Ter基因多态性与颈总动脉IMT和CAP分级无明显相关。结论LPL Ser447Ter基因多态性与血脂变化及脑梗死的关系密切，G等位基因可能引起血TG降低、HDL-C升高；G等位基因可能是脑梗死的保护基因型．     

ACI患者治疗前后血清Hcy、ACA、APN联检的临床意义

目的:探讨了急性脑梗死(ACI)患者治疗前后血清Hcy、ACA和APN水平的变化及临床意义.方法:应用放免法和酶联法对32例ACI患者进行了治疗前后血清Hcy、ACA、脂联素(Adiponectin,APN)检测并与35名正常健康人作比较.结果:在治疗前血清Hcy、ACA水平非常显著地高于正常人组(P<0.01),而A...     

Coupling between cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume: Contributions of different vascular compartments

A better understanding of the coupling between changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) is vital for furthering our understanding of the BOLD response. The aim of this study was to measure CBF‐CBV coupling in different vascular compartments during neural activation. Three haemodynamic parameters were measured during a visual stimulus. Look‐Locker flow‐sensitive alternating inversion recovery was used to measure changes in CBF and arterial CBV (CBV_a) using sequence parameters optimized for each contrast. Changes in total CBV (CBV_tot) were measured using a gadolinium‐based contrast agent technique. Haemodynamic changes were extracted from a region of interest based on voxels that were activated in the CBF experiments. The CBF‐CBV_tot coupling constant α_tot was measured as 0.16 ± 0.14 and the CBF‐CBV_a coupling constant α_a was measured as 0.65 ± 0.24. Using a two‐compartment model of the vasculature (arterial and venous), the change in venous CBV (CBV_v) was predicted for an assumed value of baseline arterial and venous blood volume. These results will enhance the accuracy and reliability of applications that rely on models of the BOLD response, such as calibrated BOLD.     

Changes in the lipid composition of blood plasma and liver in rats induced by severe psychic trauma

The concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides in rat serum sharply decreased after psychic trauma caused by life hazard. The content of these substances remained unchanged for not less than 1 week after trauma. The concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was low, while serum content of triglycerides increased 6 weeks after trauma. The concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly decreased after repeated psychic trauma. These changes were accompanied by a sharp increase in the concentration of triglycerides in the serum. Total cholesterol concentration in the liver decreased under these conditions. __________ Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 141, No. 5, pp. 575–578, May, 2006     

Polymorphisms of the lipoprotein lipase gene are associated with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction in the Chinese

BACKGROUND: Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which plays an essential role in plasma lipoprotein metabolism and transportation, appears to be a risk factor for ischemic vascular diseases. Several studies have recently reported the presence of relationship between HindIII, PvuII, Ser447Ter (C-->G) polymorphisms of LPL and ischemic vascular diseases. PURPOSE: We first studied the relationship between LPL polymorphisms and the risk of atherosclerotic cerebral infarction (CI) by detecting the frequencies of LPL HindIII, PvuII and Ser447Ter genotypes and combined genotypes in the Chinese. METHODS: We recruited 185 CI patients, confirmed by cranial computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging/angiography, or both, and 186 control subjects. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms technique was used to detect HindIII, PvuII and Ser447Ter polymorphisms of the LPL gene. RESULTS: The frequencies of the H+H+ genotype and H+ allele did not differ between CI and control groups. The frequencies of the P+P+ genotype and P+ allele gene were significantly higher in the CI group (P=0.040, P=0.015). The frequencies of CG+GG genotype and G allele were lower in the CI group (P<0.001, P<0.001). In the CI group, the individuals with P+P+ genotype had a significantly higher level of plasma triglyceride (TG) and a lower level of plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). CG+GG genotypes were correlated with significantly higher levels of plasma total cholesterol (TC), HDL-c and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) in the CI group. The frequencies of H+/C and P+/C combined genotypes were higher in the CI group than in controls (P<0.001, P<0.001). The frequency of H+/P+/C combined genotype was significantly higher in the CI group than in controls (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that PvuII and Ser447Ter polymorphisms are associated with lipid profile and CI.     

急性脑梗死患者治疗前后血清Hcy和hs-CRP检测的临床意义

目的:探讨了急性脑梗死患者治疗前后血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)和超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平的变化及意义.方法:应用免疫比浊法和化学发光法对40例急性脑梗死患者进行了血清Hcy和hs-CRP水平检测,并与35名正常健康人作比较.结果:在治疗前急性脑梗死患者血清Hcy和hs-CRP水平非常显著地高于正常人组(P＜0.01),且与梗死灶面积呈正相关(P＜0.05),经治疗后一周则与正常人组比较无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论:检测急性脑梗死患者血清Hcy和hs-CRP水平的变化对判断病情和评价疗效均具有重要的临床价值.     

同型半胱氨酸测定在急性脑梗塞合并颈动脉病变的临床应用价值分析

目的　探讨急性脑梗塞伴颈动脉病变同血同型半胱氨酸水平的相关性。 方法　将215例初发急性脑梗塞患者根据其空腹同型半胱氨酸 (Hcy) 值分为低同型半胱氨酸组103例及高同型半胱氨酸组112例。主要比较两组脑梗塞患者斑块和颈动脉狭窄的发生率以及严重程度。 结果　斑块以及严重的动脉狭窄更容易发生在急性脑梗塞高Hcy组。血浆Hcy的水平与斑块以及软斑的数量具有正相关性（kendall相关系数为0.145,P=0.006<0.05）;血浆Hcy的水平与重度动脉狭窄的发生率呈正相关（kendall相关系数为0.359,P=0.000<0.05）。 结论　急性脑梗塞患者血浆Hcy水平与颈动脉斑块和狭窄发生率呈正相关,提示积极干预高同型半胱氨酸血症有助于预防颈动脉病变。