复方黄龙汤对哮喘小鼠气道炎症的影响与机制

目的建立Balb/C小鼠的急性哮喘模型,应用复方黄龙汤进行治疗,并与地塞米松治疗效果比较,探讨复方黄龙汤对小鼠哮喘气道炎症的影响及作用机制。方法选取24只6～8周龄雌性Balb/C小鼠,体重(20±2)g,应用随机数字法随机分为正常对照组(A组)、哮喘模型组(B组)、地塞米松治疗组(C组)和复方黄龙汤治疗组(D组),每组6只。应用卵白蛋白致敏液腹腔注射联合OVA雾化吸入法建立哮喘模型,B、C、D组在第0、14天向小鼠腹腔注射OVA配置而成的致敏液0.2ml,第28、29、30天吸入1%OVA/PBS 10ml激发哮喘,造模23天后,C组每天给予地塞米松(2mg/kg),D组每天给予复方黄龙汤(2.7ml/kg);激发结束后,用无创肺功能测量仪测量小鼠气道反应性,qRT-PCR法测定小鼠肺组织中T-bet及GATA-3mRNA的含量,酶联吸附反应测定肺泡灌洗液中IL-4及IFN-γ含量,将肺泡灌洗液离心沉淀后涂片进行中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和淋巴细胞等炎性细胞计数,用HE染色肺组织,评价病理改变。结果无创肺功能显示雾化吸入乙酰胆碱剂量>12.5μg/ml时,C组和D组penh值明显低于B组(P<0.05),但高于A组,差异无统计学意义;肺组织中T-bet mRNA表达B组高于A组(P<0.001),D组含量高于B组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。而GATA-3mRNA表达C、D组低于B组(均P<0.01)。肺泡灌洗液中IL-4含量B组高于A、C和D组(均P<0.01),而IFN-γ含量B组远低于A组(均P<0.01),D组肺泡灌洗液中IFN-γ含量较B组升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在小鼠肺泡灌洗液中B组嗜酸粒细胞(EOS)比C、D组明显增多(P<0.01);B组气道壁和肺组织中大量炎性细胞浸润(以嗜酸性粒细胞、淋巴细胞为主),支气管管壁增厚,管腔狭窄,与A组比较差异明显;C、D两组小鼠细支气管管腔呈圆形,较规整,其中C组管壁增厚较D组明显,气道壁和肺组织可见嗜酸粒细胞(EOS)及少量淋巴细胞浸润,基底膜无增厚,与B组比较明显减轻。结论复方黄龙汤可通过降低小鼠肺组织炎症反应,减轻支气管重塑,改善肺功能,其作用可能是通过上调T-bet和下调GATA-3平衡来实现的。     

锌营养状态对哮喘小鼠气道组织IL-12、NF-κB表达的影响

目的:探讨不同锌含量饮食对哮喘小鼠气道组织IL-12,NF-κB表达的影响.方法:建立进食低锌、正常锌、高锌饲料的哮喘小鼠模型.48只BALB/c小鼠,随机分为6组,每组8只.A组为正常饲料喂养+生理盐水激发;B组为高锌饲料喂养+卵清蛋白(OVA)激发;C组为高锌饲料配对喂养+OVA激发;D组为正常饲料喂养+OVA激发...     

转化生长因子-β对肥胖哮喘小鼠气道重塑的影响及吡非尼酮的干预作用

目的探讨转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)对肥胖哮喘小鼠气道重塑的影响及吡非尼酮干预的作用。方法 75只C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为对照组(A组)、肥胖组(B组)、肥胖哮喘组(C组)、布地奈德治疗组(D组)、吡非尼酮治疗组(E组)5组,每组15只。肥胖小鼠以高脂饮食诱导肥胖模型,C、D、E组采用卵清蛋白致敏激发建立哮喘模型,对照组以普通饲料饲养,生理盐水致敏激发。D组以布地奈德悬液(0.5 mg/ml)雾化,E组以吡非尼酮(300 mg/kg)饮水干预,余组正常饮水。4周后收集支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)进行细胞计数及分类。肺组织切片观察小鼠气道炎症及重塑情况,测定气管壁总面积(WAt)、气管平滑肌面积(WAm)和管腔基底膜周长(Pbm)。采用酶联免疫吸附实验、蛋白质印迹法检测TGF-β水平。结果 C组小鼠BALF中白细胞总数、嗜酸性粒细胞百分比、TGF-β水平、气管壁厚度(WAt/Pbm)和平滑肌厚度(WAm/Pbm)均高于其他四组;E组BALF中嗜酸性粒细胞百分比、WAt/Pbm较D组减少(P均0.05);TGF-β水平按照C、D、E、B、A组依次递减(P均0.05),且与BALF中嗜酸性粒细胞百分比呈正相关(r=0.79,P均0.01)。结论 TGF-β在肥胖哮喘小鼠气道中高表达,与气道重塑有密切关系。吡非尼酮能有效抑制TGF-β的表达,从而改善肥胖哮喘气道重塑。     

芦荟多糖对卵清蛋白致敏小鼠的脱敏效果

目的:研究芦荟多糖对卵清蛋白(OVA)致敏小鼠的脱敏效果.方法:50只BABL/c小鼠随机分为5组,分别为正常组(A),模型组(B),小、中、高剂量组(C,D,E)组.采用OVA加Al(OH)3注射法复制小鼠OVA致敏模型,期间C,D,E组灌服不同剂量的芦荟多糖干预.24 d后检测小鼠受OVA激发后的反应、肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中总细胞及嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)数量、肺组织丙二醛(MDA)及一氧化氮(NO)含量、血清特异性IgE,BALF及淋巴细胞培养液中的IL-4,IFN-γ含量.结果:芦荟多糖能够减轻致敏小鼠受OVA激发所引起的症状,能够下调BALF及淋巴细胞培养液中的IL-4水平,提升IFN-γ,降低肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中总细胞及EOS数量,使肺组织中与炎症相关的MDA及NO浓度降低,下调血清中特异性IgE.结论:芦荟多糖能够纠正致敏小鼠体内的免疫失衡,对致敏小鼠有一定的治疗作用.     

屋尘螨提取液致敏BALB/c与C57BL/6小鼠肺部变应性炎症模型的比较

目的研究以屋尘螨提取液复制BALB/c和C57BL/6小鼠肺部变应性炎症模型的方法.方法BALB/c和C57BL/6小鼠各分为对照组、加强组和常规组.加强组在第1天采用皮下注射,以后隔日采取腹腔注射进行致敏,再用提取液多次滴鼻激发(第15～17天).最后1次滴鼻24 h后对小鼠作肺泡灌洗.常规组则于第1、8天腹腔注射2次,第15～17天滴鼻3次.对照组用PBS作注射和滴药.进行灌洗液细胞计数和分类,肺组织病理计分,灌液洗用ELISA测定IL-2、IL-4、IL-5和IFN-γ含量.结果①C57BL/6加强组肺部病理计分明显升高,呈明显变应性炎症病理改变;灌洗液中细胞计数和嗜酸性粒细胞计数明显升高(P＜0.05);灌洗液IL-4、IL-5明显升高(P＜0.05),IFN-γ、IL-2无明显变化;②BALB/c加强组、腹腔注射致敏组和C57BL/6腹腔注射致敏组可见炎性细胞浸润,但嗜酸性细胞较少,BALF中IL-4、IL-5升高较加强组为弱,灌洗液中细胞计数增高,但嗜酸性细胞计数较对照组无明显差异,③单剂量组上述指标与对照组比较无显著差异.结论与BALB/c相比,在屋尘螨致敏小鼠哮喘模型的复制中,C57BL/6更易取得成功,且使用皮下注射加强致敏C57BL/6小鼠所复制屋尘螨致敏哮喘模型更为典型.     

健儿乐颗粒预防CVA小鼠气道变应性炎症的实验研究

目的 观察健儿乐颗粒对CVA小鼠气道变应性炎症的改善作用,并探讨其作用机制.方法 选择雌性Balb/c小鼠,随机分为5组,用鸡卵白蛋白(OVA)抗原溶液腹腔注射致敏,雾化吸入激发制备哮喘小鼠模型,造模后观察小鼠哮喘发作急性期症状,监测血及BALF中IFN-γ-IL-4的含量变化,并进行肺组织病理学观察.结果 健儿乐颗粒能改善CVA小鼠肺病理学改变;健儿乐组肺泡灌洗液中的细胞计数与模型组相比,P＜0.05;健儿乐组肺泡灌洗液及血清中IL-4和IFN-γ含量的变化与模型组相比,P＜0.05.结论 健儿乐颗粒能通过抑制CVA小鼠的气道炎症,调节IFN-γ、IL-4等细胞因子等多个途径发挥预防作用.     

RSV感染哮喘小鼠气道炎症及重构与激素抵抗的研究

目的 观察小鼠哮喘模型感染呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratary syncytial virus,RSV)气道炎症及重构与哮喘治疗激素敏感性之间的联系.方法 50只BALB/c小鼠随机分对照组,单纯卵蛋白(OVA)致敏哮喘组(A组)、OVA致敏哮喘+地塞米松(DEX)组(B组)、OVA致敏哮喘+RSV感染组(C组)、OVA致敏哮喘+RSV感染+DEX组(D组),每组10只;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-5(IL-5)、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)及γ干扰素(IFN-γ)浓度;病理切片行HE染色、Van Gieson 氏染色,显微镜下观察气管外周炎性分级和气道胶原沉积情况.结果 A、C、D组与对照组比较IL-4、IL-5及TGF-β1浓度升高,气道胶原沉积、炎症浸润加重,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);D组与C组比较,C组与A组比较,TGF-β1浓度升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),气道炎症及气道胶原沉积加重.结论 RSV感染哮喘小鼠可引起明显的Th2细胞炎性反应及气道重构;应用激素干预治疗后,气道炎症及重构进一步加重,表明RSV感染哮喘小鼠对激素治疗敏感性差.     

雷公藤红素对肥胖型哮喘气道高反应的影响

目的 探讨雷公藤红素（celastrol）对肥胖型哮喘小鼠气道高反应的影响。方法 雄性C57BL/6小鼠30只,随机分为正常对照组、哮喘组、肥胖组、肥胖型哮喘组和雷公藤红素干预的肥胖型哮喘组（简称干预组）共5组。肥胖型哮喘组和干预组予以高脂饲料（HFD）喂养16周,于第13周起第1天和第13天腹腔注射卵清蛋白/氢氧化铝[OVA/AL（OH）₃]致敏,第25~31天连续7天雾化吸入OVA激发,干预组在每次雾化吸入前30min口服celastrol（10mg/kg）。哮喘组进行普通饲料喂养+OVA致敏激发。肥胖组进行高脂饲料喂养+生理盐水致敏激发。正常组进行普通饲料喂养+生理盐水致敏激发。运用小鼠肺功能仪检测小鼠气道高反应性（AHR）的指标呼吸气道阻力（Rn）,进行相关分析。结果 哮喘组和肥胖组Rn值显著高于正常对照组,肥胖型哮喘组Rn值高于其余各组,干预组Rn显著低于哮喘组和肥胖型哮喘组（P均<0.01）,而干预组Rn与正常组比较,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。经乙酰甲胆碱激发后,哮喘组和肥胖组小鼠Rn 值上升幅度显著高于正常对照组（P < 0.01）,肥胖型哮喘组Rn值上升幅度高于其余各组,干预组小鼠较哮喘组、肥胖组和肥胖型哮喘组小鼠比较,Rn值上升幅度显著降低（P均<0.01）;而干预组小鼠Rn 值的上升幅度与正常对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 雷公藤红素显著减轻肥胖型哮喘小鼠呼吸气道阻力,改善了其AHR。     

桑白皮水提取物对哮喘模型小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液中炎性细胞的影响

[目的]探讨桑白皮水提取物对哮喘模型小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中炎性细胞计数的影响,并观察在活体内桑白皮水提取物的抗过敏作用.[方法]将BALB/C小鼠随机分成5个组,即正常对照组（A组）、模型对照组（B组）、致敏前桑白皮水提取物处理组（C组）、激发前桑白皮水提取物处理组（D组）和致敏及激发前桑白皮水提取物处理组（E组）.B组用OVA诱导制作哮喘模型,C,D,E组分别在致敏前、激发前、致敏及激发前1h经呼吸道行雾化吸入给予桑白皮水提取物（1g/L）.第24天处死各组小鼠后取BALF,利用Diff-quik染色液检测嗜酸性粒细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞的数量.[结果]桑白皮水提取物对OVA诱导的小鼠哮喘模型BALF中嗜酸性粒细胞、淋巴细胞及中性粒细胞计数的增多均有明显的抑制作用.[结论]桑白皮水提取物可抑制OVA诱导的小鼠哮喘模型BALF中的炎性细胞增多.     

活菌卡介苗对哮喘小鼠IL-17的调节作用

目的 初步探讨活菌卡介苗(BCG)对哮喘小鼠IL-17的调节作用.方法 4周龄雌性Balb/c小鼠30只随机分为A组(对照组)、B组(哮喘组)和C组(BCG干预组),每组各10只.B、C两组予OVA腹腔注射致敏、OVA雾化诱发哮喘,C组在致敏前14d接种BCG.HE 染色观察小鼠肺部病理改变,计数支气管肺泡灌洗液(b...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.