眼外伤CT表现（附20例）

眼外伤是引起失明的原因之一，眼外伤后病情急，钝伤常可引起严重后果。CT检查速度快，图象清晰，定位准确，诊断可靠，可作为眼外伤后的首选方法，现把经CT检查的20例CT表现结果分析如下：     

眼异物的CT诊断(附20例报告)

眼异物为严重的眼外伤,在影像学诊断中,CT检查因分辨率高,其准确性明显高于X线平片及超声检查.我们20例均经CT检查并手术证实,现分析报告如下.     

多层螺旋CT多平面平行范围重建技术在眼部外伤中的临床应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT多平面平行范围重建在诊断眼外伤中的应用价值。方法对40例眼外伤患者行多层螺旋CT常规检查,层厚2mm,准直器0.75mm,并行多平面重建(MPR)及任意角度的平行范围重建(PRR),并对CT征象进行分析。结果对眼部阳性异物做出准确定位并经临床证实者14例,其中6例常规CT扫描定位有误;眼眶壁骨折者21例,其中9例常规CT扫描未发现或有部分漏诊;眼直肌损伤者16例,6例经MPR PRR重建后明确诊断;眼球损伤者16例,其中4例常规CT扫描诊断难以明确,经重建后确诊;视神经损伤5例,其中4例常规CT扫描未发现。结论多平面平行范围重建在眼部外伤的综合诊断中具有重要价值。     

眼外伤的CT诊断

探讨CT在眼外伤中的应用价值。方法：回顾分析43例有明确外伤史的眼外伤CT片表现。结果：13例中眶壁骨折42例，眼球变形2例，晶状体脱落3例，球后血肿7例，眼球破裂2例，眶周血肿伴颧骨骨折5例．眼球内多处异物4例。结论：CT检查可全面观察眼外伤后眼眶及内容物的损伤情况，具有重要的临床价值。     

复杂眼外伤中易忽略的创伤性白内障的CT诊断:晶体CT衰减值评估的意义

穿透性或钝性眼外伤可发生急性创伤性白内障,但由于合并面部软组织肿胀,前角混浊等而妨碍对晶状体的物理检查而易漏诊。作者选择了69例单侧眼外伤组及103例正常对照组进行CT检查,研究测定眼球晶体的CT衰减值能否有助于急性创伤性白内障的诊断。 69例病人晶体的CT衰减值是眼眶外伤后48小时内测定并与其对侧晶体CT衰减值进行比较,     

眼眶内壁爆裂骨折眼内外直肌损伤的CT表现

眼眶爆裂骨折为暴力撞击眼部软组织导致眶内压力骤然增高引起的眶壁骨折,是常见的眼外伤疾病之一。CT具有检查时间短、病人易接受及高分辨力的特点,可以非常清晰地显示眼眶骨质结构和软组织改变,而被认为是眼外伤的首选检查方法。既往已有多篇文献讨论眼眶爆裂骨折的CT表现,但尚未有研究其眼外肌损伤的报道[1～3]。本文自1993-06—1995-07搜集整理136例资料完整的眼眶内壁爆裂骨折病例予以总结报告如下。1材料与方法136例眼眶爆裂骨折病人中,男118例,女18例。年龄14～58岁,平均36岁,多为中青年男性。CT检查时间均在伤后2d内。受伤原因多…     

泪腺外伤的CT表现

目的 探讨泪腺外伤的CT表现. 资料与方法 回顾性分析65例眼外伤合并有泪腺损伤患者的CT资料,其中单侧泪腺损伤63例,双侧2例. 结果 65例67眼泪腺损伤CT表现为泪腺体积增大,边缘模糊, 6例泪腺内可见碎骨片, 5例泪腺与肿胀眼睑分界不清, 4例泪腺向前外下方移位, 2例泪腺密度增高;其他眼外伤表现包括眼睑肿胀、眼球损伤、眶壁骨折、眼外肌增粗、眼眶上壁骨膜下血肿等. 结论 眶壁骨折、眼球损伤、眼睑损伤等眼外伤常合并泪腺损伤,CT检查能及时发现泪腺损伤,有助于临床治疗及预后.     

眶骨骨折的CT诊断

眼外伤是眼科常见病，浅部软组织外伤无需影像学检查。一般骨折和金属异物可由X线平片诊断，但由于眶部解剖结构的重叠，常漏诊、误诊。CT检查为横断面、冠状面扫描及失状面重建。而且又能显示眶内结构，使眶骨骨折能清晰显示出来，我们搜集82例，现就其CT诊断进行回顾性分析：     

CT诊断眼外伤的价值(附40例分析)

本文回顾分析近 5年来资料完整的 4 0例眼外伤的CT表现 ,探讨CT诊断眼外伤的价值。1　材料与方法　　本组 4 0例 ,男 31例 ,女 9例 ,年龄 1 3～ 6 5岁。其中 5例为双眼受伤 ,共累及 4 5只眼。于伤后 1h～ 3天行CT扫描。受伤原因有车祸伤、拳击伤、砸伤、扎伤等。主要表现外眼青     

机械性眼外伤的MSCT表现及临床意义

目的:探讨机械性眼外伤的CT表现及临床价值。方法:对35例眼外伤行眼眶轴位CT扫描,部分行薄层三维重建,然后对CT图像进行观察、分析。结果:眼球大小形态的改变,眼环壁厚薄不均,玻璃体内密度增高,晶状体大小形态密度位置改变,球内、眶内及眼睑异物或颅面骨骨折,颅内损伤是机械性眼球损伤的常见CT表现。结论:MSCT应是机械性眼外伤患者的首选检查方法。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.