基于DICOM的医学影像设备接口设计与实现

医学影像存档与通讯系统(Picture Archiving and Communication Systems,PACS)是目前医院信息化建设的热点,医学数字成像和通信标准(Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine,DICOM)是有关医学图像及其相关信息的数据编码及通讯的国际标准,支持DICOM标准是医学影像设备并入PACS网络的必要条件。为使目前尚不符合DICOM标准的影像设备有效并入PACS系统,必须为其添加DICOM接口。我们介绍了DICOM信息模型并实现了接口的软件系统,重点介绍了应用VisualC 编程实现DICOM服务中的C-STORE和DCM文件的读写功能。     

DICOM医学图像数据接口的Java实现

DICOM3.0标准作为目前通用的医学图像标准 ,最重要的特性之一在于其面向对象性。本研究依据这一重要特性 ,描述了如何使用面向对象的Java语言实现该标准的接口软件。从而解决了DICOM硬件设备与后继PACS处理软件的接口问题。同时 ,为了克服现有PACS系统的硬件瓶颈 ,对数据读入方式采取了优化 ,大大降低了CPU运行时间和内存占用空间 ,提高了系统的运行质量和性能。     

DICOM信息读取接口设计

DICOM标准是PACS网络中各系统互连的基础,也是用于统一各种数字化影像设备的图像格式和数据传输的标准.本文根据项目开发经验,分析了DICOM图像的结构组成,并详细描述了在C 平台上其信息读取接口的设计与实现过程.     

医学图像DICOM格式转换软件的设计与实现

PACS（图像存档与通讯系统）应遵循DICOM（医学数字图像通讯）标准。目前国内存在大量不符合DICOM标准的影像设备,为了使这些设备也应用于PACS,我们使用面向对象方法设计和实现了一个具有良好扩充性的格式转换工具包,可进行DICOM格式与各种通用图像格式之间的转换,并具有视频输入与格式转换工具包,可进行DICOM格式与各种通用图像格式之间的转换,并具有视频输入与扫描仪输入的接口。该工具包提供一组DICOM API,可供Windows平台的各种编程环境使用。     

PACS中的几种X线摄影数字化设备

如同计算机和Internet日益深入地影响我们的日常工作和生活,PACS(Picture Achiev ing and Communication System)也在影像科室中迅速普及.PACS系统是应运于新世纪现代化、网络化、数字化医院(E-Hospital)要求而产生的,它实现影像资料的多用户共享、方便检索、随时调阅、节省了储片空间等等.要实现放射科的PACS,其先决条件是将各种影像变成标准格式的数字化信号,目前的标准格式是美国放射学会和美国电子厂商联合会结合欧洲、日本的标准,开发的一套与生产厂商无关的医学图像数字化及其通讯标准-DICOM(D igital Imaging and Communication in Medicine),目前的最新版本是DICOM3.0[1].众所周知CT、MRI设备已是数字成像,并且近几年生产的CT、MRI设备都配备有标准的DICOM3.0 图像输出接口,可以直接接入PACS系统,因此在这里就不赘述.下面仅就几种X线平片摄影的数字化设备进行比较.     

DICOM医学图像采集的方法与实践

医学图像采集是PACS的重要环节,也是PACS实用化的关键。本文比较了几种常见的图像采集方法,重点介绍了通过DICOM接口的图像采集,在详细阐明了DICOM网络的概念和DICOM消息交换的规范之后,介绍了我们编写的DICOM医学图像采集软件,本软件是在Windows平台上利用SocketAPI编写而成,提供了DICOM标准定义的验证、存储、查询和检索等服务,测试结果表明,本软件能够顺利地与成像设备连接并采集图像。     

标准医学DICOM图像的转换实现

针对我国目前存在的非DICOM与DICOM设备并存所造成的医疗通讯问题，通过分析BMP与DICOM图像文件的特点，基于VC＋＋6．0编程环境实现了BMP医学图像向DICOM标准图像的转换，为不同设备之间的互联以及PACS系统的发展提供了有利条件。     

基于数字化影像归档和通信系统的电子申请单集成系统设计

目的根据DICOM接口协议,设计了电子申请单集成系统,使电子化的申请单在电子病历系统与医学影像归档和通信系统（picture archiving and communication system,PACS）之间能够传输和比对,简化临床业务流程。方法通过接口字典文档,HIS系统和PACS系统共同遵循DICOM协议准则。首先设计基本业务流程,然后运用M程序语言编译接口平台,再按照DICOM准则对接接口字典。结果设计完整的从医生开具医嘱到CR、CT、MRI检查终端设备显示的电子申请单集成接口系统,完成身份比对,医嘱比对及影像检查结果匹配等跨系统业务流程的节点传输流程系统。结论系统设计在PACS系统建设中,对医院影像科内的工作流程进行了重新分析,优化设计包括了自动操作和工作合并以及某些设备的迁移,消除不必要的工作步骤以简化流程,扩展采用遵从DICOM标准的成像设备工作列表（MWL）,使患者的基本信息、检查信息、影像信息、诊断信息、检查结果分发信息在流程中完善和统一。     

浅析PACS中的DICOM标准

随着医学影像设备的广泛应用以及PACS的快速发展，为了统一各种数字化影像设备的图像数据格式和数据传输标准而诞生的DICOM标准已经成为医学数字成像和通讯的共同标准。本文简要的介绍了DICOM标准的历史以及DICOM数据集和DICOM文件格式的组织形式。     

基于DICOM标准的多参数生理监护系统的研究

目的:建立一个基于DICOM标准的多参数生理监护局域网系统,实现对病人生理参数的实时监测,为病人提供及时的救助;实现图像和生理波形图共享,医院标准化和信息数字化的全面实施。方法:在深入研究DICOM通信协议模块、DICOM网络协商模块、DICOM存储模块、DICOM查询/获取模块等的基础上,利用Visual C++.Net工具,运用C++面向对象编程思想,将DICOM通信相关PDU封装成类,并采用基于TCP的客户端/服务端(SCU/SCP)Socket网络通信编程模型实现系统的主要功能。结果:建立了一个基于DICOM标准的多参数生理监护局域网系统,这个系统由三个部分组成:多参数生理监护设备,多参数生理监护服务器,多参数生理监护工作站。文章讨论了在DICOM医学波形中SCP和SCU的功能,选择DICOM标准的原因,和该局域网系统的功能。医院对系统进行了评估,评估表示该系统满足临床需要。结论:DICOM标准的不断应用将涵盖所有医学成像和信号类设备,多参数生理监护仪数据的DICOM标准化应用,为将来信号类医疗设备跟医院现有的PACS/RIS、HIS等系统互连融合提供了前提基础。     

DICOM医学图像的存储与管理

随着数字化医学成像设备在医院的广泛使用,对医学图像及相关数据的存档管理以及在不同科室之间的数据共享的要求越来越迫切,这就需要建立PACS(图像存档和通讯系统),这方面国外已经发展了很多年,我国目前处于起步阶段.本文参照PACS系统的一个已经被国际认可的医学图像标准即医学成像和通讯标准DICOM(digital imaging and communication in medicine),研究了标准的各个部分,特别是兼容性、信息对象定义(IOD)、服务对象对类(SOP)、数据编码等部分,就具体实现PACS系统的一个重要方面即医学图像的存档和管理做了深入的探讨,在此基础上建立了医学图像数据库系统,为实现医学图像信息的网络共享打下了基础.     

基于LEADTOOLS的DICOM标准医学图像通讯的研究

支持DICOM协议是PACS系统的基本特征,而DICOM存储和查询获取则是DICOM通讯中的关键环节。本文利用LEADTOOLS14.5是LEADTOOLS公司最新开发的医学软件开发包,它提供了完成DICOM通信的各种类库,在此基础上本文对SCU和SCP之间的DICOM协商、存储、查询与获取等通讯过程进行了探讨。为各种医学信号与图像设备、服务器、及诊断工作站,提供了符合DICOM 3.0标准的通信功能。     

Linking Whole-Slide Microscope Images with DICOM by Using JPEG2000 Interactive Protocol

The use of digitized histopathologic specimens (also known as whole-slide images (WSIs)) in clinical medicine requires compatibility with the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard. Unfortunately, WSIs usually exceed DICOM image object size limit, making it impossible to store and exchange them in a straightforward way. Moreover, transmitting the entire DICOM image for viewing is ineffective for WSIs. With the JPEG2000 Interactive Protocol (JPIP), WSIs can be linked with DICOM by transmitting image data over an auxiliary connection, apart from patient data. In this study, we explored the feasibility of using JPIP to link JPEG2000 WSIs with a DICOM-based Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS). We first modified an open-source DICOM library by adding support for JPIP as described in the existing DICOM Supplement 106. Second, the modified library was used as a basis for a software package (JVSdicom), which provides a proof-of-concept for a DICOM client–server system that can transmit patient data, conventional DICOM imagery (e.g., radiological), and JPIP-linked JPEG2000 WSIs. The software package consists of a compression application (JVSdicom Compressor) for producing DICOM-compatible JPEG2000 WSIs, a DICOM PACS server application (JVSdicom Server), and a DICOM PACS client application (JVSdicom Workstation). JVSdicom is available for free from our Web site (), which also features a public JVSdicom Server, containing example X-ray images and histopathology WSIs of breast cancer cases. The software developed indicates that JPEG2000 and JPIP provide a well-working solution for linking WSIs with DICOM, requiring only minor modifications to current DICOM standard specification.     

PACS Viewer Based on Java Applet in B／S Architecture

PACS can be applied in the network architecture of Client/Server (C/S) and Browser/Server (B/S) in current application of hospital information system. PACS Viewer of B/S model is realized by means of the browser commonly, but web browser does not support DICOM standard. In this article, how to use Java Applet to realize the display and operations of DICOM images will be discussed. The lightweight method to view DICOM images is very fit for telemedical treatment, and the situations not require strong ability in image operations。     

JavaScript Access to DICOM Network and Objects in Web Browser

Digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) 3.0 standard provides the baseline for the picture archiving and communication systems (PACS). The development of Internet and various communication media initiated demand for non-DICOM access to PACS systems. Ever-increasing utilization of the web browsers, laptops and handheld devices, as opposed to desktop applications and static organizational computers, lead to development of different web technologies. The DICOM standard officials accepted those subsequently as tools of alternative access. This paper provides an overview of the current state of development of the web access technology to the DICOM repositories. It presents a different approach of using HTML5 features of the web browsers through the JavaScript language and the WebSocket protocol by enabling real-time communication with DICOM repositories. JavaScript DICOM network library, DICOM to WebSocket proxy and a proof-of-concept web application that qualifies as a DICOM 3.0 device were developed.     

OpenRIMS: An Open Architecture Radiology Informatics Management System

The benefits of an integrated picture archiving and communication system/radiology information system (PACS/RIS) archive built with open source tools and methods are 2-fold. Open source permits an inexpensive development model where interfaces can be updated as needed, and the code is peer reviewed by many eyes (analogous to the scientific model). Integration of PACS/RIS functionality reduces the risk of inconsistent data by reducing interfaces among databases that contain largely redundant information. Also, wide adoption would promote standard data mining tools—reducing user needs to learn multiple methods to perform the same task. A model has been constructed capable of accepting HL7 orders, performing examination and resource scheduling, providing digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) worklist information to modalities, archiving studies, and supporting DICOM query/retrieve from third party viewing software. The multitiered architecture uses a single database communicating via an ODBC bridge to a Linux server with HL7, DICOM, and HTTP connections. Human interaction is supported via a web browser, whereas automated informatics services communicate over the HL7 and DICOM links. The system is still under development, but the primary database schema is complete as well as key pieces of the web user interface. Additional work is needed on the DICOM/HL7 interface broker and completion of the base DICOM service classes.     

System Integration and DICOM Image Creation for PET-MR Fusion

This article demonstrates a gateway system for converting image fusion results to digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM) objects. For the purpose of standardization and integration, we have followed the guidelines of the Integrated Healthcare Enterprise technical framework and developed a DICOM gateway. The gateway system combines data from hospital information system, image fusion results, and the information generated itself to constitute new DICOM objects. All the mandatory tags defined in standard DICOM object were generated in the gateway system. The gateway system will generate two series of SOP instances of each PET-MR fusion result; SOP (Service Object Pair) one for the reconstructed magnetic resonance (MR) images and the other for position emission tomography (PET) images. The size, resolution, spatial coordinates, and number of frames are the same in both series of SOP instances. Every new generated MR image exactly fits with one of the reconstructed PET images. Those DICOM images are stored to the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) server by means of standard DICOM protocols. When those images are retrieved and viewed by standard DICOM viewing systems, both images can be viewed at the same anatomy location. This system is useful for precise diagnosis and therapy.